Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures"

Transcription

1 Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures

2 IA32 Region of memory managed with stack discipline Grows toward lower addresses Register indicates lowest stack address address of top element Bottom Increasing Addresses Grows Down Top 2

3 IA32 Pushing Bottom Increasing Addresses -4 Grows Down Top 3

4 IA32 Popping Bottom Increasing Addresses +4 Grows Down Top 4

5 Operation Examples pushl %eax popl %edx 0x110 0x110 0x110 0x10c 0x10c 0x10c 0x x x x x %eax 213 %eax 213 %eax 213 %edx 555 %edx 555 %edx x108 0x108 0x104 0x104 0x108 5

6 Procedure Control Flow 6

7 Procedure Call Example e: e8 3d call 8048b90 <main> : 50 pushl %eax call 8048b90 0x110 0x110 0x10c 0x10c 0x x x104 0x x108 0x108 0x104 %eip 0x804854e %eip 0x804854e 0x8048b90 %eip is program counter 7

8 Procedure Return Example : c3 ret ret 0x110 0x110 0x10c 0x10c 0x x x104 0x x x104 0x104 0x108 %eip 0x %eip 0x x %eip is program counter 8

9 -Based Languages 9

10 Call Chain Example ( ) { who(); } 10 Procedure recursive who( ) { (); (); } ( ) { (); } Call Chain who

11 Frames who Frame proc Top 11

12 Operation ( ) { who(); } Call Chain Frame 12

13 Operation who( ) { (); (); } Call Chain who Frame who 13

14 Operation ( ) { (); } Call Chain who Frame who 14

15 Operation ( ) { (); } Call Chain who Frame who 15

16 Operation ( ) { (); } Call Chain who who 16 Frame

17 Operation ( ) { (); } Call Chain who Frame who 17

18 Operation ( ) { (); } Call Chain who Frame who 18

19 Operation who( ) { (); who (); } Call Chain Frame who 19

20 Operation ( ) { } Call Chain who Frame who 20

21 Operation who( ) { (); who (); } Call Chain Frame who 21

22 Operation ( ) { who(); } Call Chain who Frame 22

23 IA32/Linux Frame Caller Frame Frame () Arguments Return Addr Old Saved Registers + Local Variables () Argument Build 23

24 Revisiting swap int zip1 = 15213; int zip2 = 91125; void call_swap() { swap(&zip1, &zip2); } Calling swap from call_swap call_swap: pushl $zip2 # Global Var pushl $zip1 # Global Var call swap void swap(int *xp, int *yp) { int t0 = *xp; int t1 = *yp; *xp = t1; *yp = t0; } High &zip2 &zip1 Resulting 24 Low

25 Revisiting swap void swap(int *xp, int *yp) { int t0 = *xp; int t1 = *yp; *xp = t1; *yp = t0; } swap: pushl movl, pushl %ebx movl 12(),%ecx movl 8(),%edx movl (%ecx),%eax movl (%edx),%ebx movl %eax,(%edx) movl %ebx,(%ecx) movl -4(),%ebx movl, popl ret Set Up Body Finish 25

26 swap Setup #1 Entering Resulting &zip2 &zip1 yp xp Old swap: pushl movl, pushl %ebx 26

27 swap Setup #2 Entering Resulting 27 &zip2 &zip1 swap: pushl movl, pushl %ebx yp xp Old

28 swap Setup #3 Entering Resulting 28 &zip2 &zip1 swap: pushl movl, pushl %ebx yp xp Old Old %ebx

29 Effect of swap Setup Entering Offset (relative to ) Resulting &zip2 12 yp &zip1 8 xp 4 0 Old Old %ebx movl 12(),%ecx # get yp movl 8(),%edx # get xp... Body 29

30 swap Finish #1 swapʼs Offset Offset yp xp Old Old %ebx yp xp Old Old %ebx movl -4(),%ebx movl, popl ret 30

31 swap Finish #2 swapʼs Offset swapʼs Offset yp xp Old Old %ebx yp xp Old movl -4(),%ebx movl, popl ret 31

32 swap Finish #3 swapʼs Offset swapʼs Offset yp xp Old yp xp movl -4(),%ebx movl, popl ret 32

33 swap Finish #4 swapʼs Offset yp xp &zip2 &zip1 Exiting movl -4(),%ebx movl, popl ret 33

34 Register Saving Conventions : movl $15213, %edx call who addl %edx, %eax ret who: movl 8(), %edx addl $91125, %edx ret 34

35 Register Saving Conventions 35

36 IA32/Linux Register Usage Caller-Save Temporaries Callee-Save Temporaries Special %eax %edx %ecx %ebx %esi %edi 36

37 Recursive Factorial 37 int rfact(int x) { int rval; if (x <= 1) return 1; rval = rfact(x-1); return rval * x; }.globl rfact.type rfact,@function rfact: pushl movl, pushl %ebx movl 8(),%ebx cmpl $1,%ebx jle.l78 leal -1(%ebx),%eax pushl %eax call rfact imull %ebx,%eax jmp.l79.align 4.L78: movl $1,%eax.L79: movl -4(),%ebx movl, popl ret

38 Rfact Setup Caller pre pre %ebx x Entering Caller Callee -4 pre pre %ebx x Old Old %ebx rfact: pushl movl, pushl %ebx 38

39 Rfact Body movl 8(),%ebx # ebx = x cmpl $1,%ebx # Compare x : 1 jle.l78 # If <= goto Term Recursion leal -1(%ebx),%eax # eax = x-1 pushl %eax # Push x-1 call rfact # rfact(x-1) imull %ebx,%eax # rval * x jmp.l79 # Goto done.l78: # Term: movl $1,%eax # return val = 1.L79: # Done: int rfact(int x) { int rval; if (x <= 1) return 1; rval = rfact(x-1) ; return rval * x; } 39

40 Rfact Recursion leal -1(%ebx),%eax %eax %ebx x Old Old %ebx x-1 x pushl %eax x Old Old %ebx x-1 %eax x-1 %ebx x call rfact x Old Old %ebx x-1 %eax %ebx x-1 x 40

41 Rfact Result Return from Call imull %ebx,%eax x x Old Old Old %ebx Old %ebx x-1 x-1 %eax (x-1)! %eax (x-1)! x! %ebx x %ebx x 41 Assume that rfact(x-1) returns (x-1)! in register %eax

42 %eax %ebx Rfact Completion movl -4(),%ebx pre pre %ebx x Old pre pre %ebx Old %ebx 8 x x Old x! movl, popl ret Old x %ebx %eax x! %ebx Old %ebx %eax x! %ebx Old %ebx pre pre %ebx x 42

43 43 Summary

CS213. Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures

CS213. Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures CS213 Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures Topics IA32 stack discipline Register saving conventions Creating pointers to local variables IA32 Region of memory managed with stack discipline Grows toward

More information

Assembly III: Procedures. Jin-Soo Kim Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University

Assembly III: Procedures. Jin-Soo Kim Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University Assembly III: Procedures Jin-Soo Kim (jinsookim@skku.edu) Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University http://csl.skku.edu IA-32 (1) Characteristics Region of memory managed with stack discipline

More information

Assembly III: Procedures. Jo, Heeseung

Assembly III: Procedures. Jo, Heeseung Assembly III: Procedures Jo, Heeseung IA-32 Stack (1) Characteristics Region of memory managed with stack discipline Grows toward lower addresses Register indicates lowest stack address - address of top

More information

Machine-level Programming (3)

Machine-level Programming (3) Machine-level Programming (3) Procedures A: call A call A return Two issues How to return to the correct position? How to pass arguments and return values between callee to caller? 2 Procedure Control

More information

ASSEMBLY III: PROCEDURES. Jo, Heeseung

ASSEMBLY III: PROCEDURES. Jo, Heeseung ASSEMBLY III: PROCEDURES Jo, Heeseung IA-32 STACK (1) Characteristics Region of memory managed with stack discipline Grows toward lower addresses Register indicates lowest stack address - address of top

More information

The course that gives CMU its Zip! Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures Sept. 17, 2002

The course that gives CMU its Zip! Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures Sept. 17, 2002 15-213 The course that gives CMU its Zip! Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures Sept. 17, 2002 Topics IA32 stack discipline Register saving conventions Creating pointers to local variables class07.ppt

More information

Region of memory managed with stack discipline Grows toward lower addresses. Register %esp contains lowest stack address = address of top element

Region of memory managed with stack discipline Grows toward lower addresses. Register %esp contains lowest stack address = address of top element Machine Representa/on of Programs: Procedures Instructors: Sanjeev Se(a 1 IA32 Stack Region of memory managed with stack discipline Grows toward lower addresses Stack BoGom Increasing Addresses Register

More information

X86 Assembly -Procedure II:1

X86 Assembly -Procedure II:1 X86 Assembly -Procedure II:1 IA32 Object Code Setup Label.L61 becomes address 0x8048630 Label.L62 becomes address 0x80488dc Assembly Code switch_eg:... ja.l61 # if > goto default jmp *.L62(,%edx,4) # goto

More information

Page 1. IA32 Stack CISC 360. Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures Sept. 22, IA32 Stack Popping Stack Bottom. IA32 Stack Pushing

Page 1. IA32 Stack CISC 360. Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures Sept. 22, IA32 Stack Popping Stack Bottom. IA32 Stack Pushing CISC 36 Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures Sept. 22, 2 IA32 Region of memory managed with stack discipline Grows toward lower addresses Register indicates lowest stack address address of top element

More information

IA32 Stack. Lecture 5 Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures. IA32 Stack Popping. IA32 Stack Pushing. Topics. Pushing. Popping

IA32 Stack. Lecture 5 Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures. IA32 Stack Popping. IA32 Stack Pushing. Topics. Pushing. Popping Lecture 5 Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures Topics IA32 stack discipline Register saving conventions Creating pointers to local variables IA32 Region of memory managed with stack discipline Grows

More information

Giving credit where credit is due

Giving credit where credit is due CSCE 230J Computer Organization Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures Dr. Steve Goddard goddard@cse.unl.edu Giving credit where credit is due Most of slides for this lecture are based on slides created

More information

IA32 Stack The course that gives CMU its Zip! Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures Sept. 17, IA32 Stack Popping. IA32 Stack Pushing

IA32 Stack The course that gives CMU its Zip! Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures Sept. 17, IA32 Stack Popping. IA32 Stack Pushing 15-213 The course that gives CMU its Zip! Machine-Level Programming III: Procedures Sept. 17, 2002 Topics IA32 stack discipline Register saving conventions Creating pointers to local variables IA32 Region

More information

Machine Programming 3: Procedures

Machine Programming 3: Procedures Machine Programming 3: Procedures CS61, Lecture 5 Prof. Stephen Chong September 15, 2011 Announcements Assignment 2 (Binary bomb) due next week If you haven t yet please create a VM to make sure the infrastructure

More information

Sungkyunkwan University

Sungkyunkwan University Switch statements IA 32 Procedures Stack Structure Calling Conventions Illustrations of Recursion & Pointers long switch_eg (long x, long y, long z) { long w = 1; switch(x) { case 1: w = y*z; break; case

More information

IA32 Stack. Stack BoDom. Region of memory managed with stack discipline Grows toward lower addresses. Register %esp contains lowest stack address

IA32 Stack. Stack BoDom. Region of memory managed with stack discipline Grows toward lower addresses. Register %esp contains lowest stack address IA32 Procedures 1 IA32 Stack Region of memory managed with stack discipline Grows toward lower addresses Stack BoDom Increasing Addresses Register contains lowest stack address address of top element Stack

More information

Systems I. Machine-Level Programming V: Procedures

Systems I. Machine-Level Programming V: Procedures Systems I Machine-Level Programming V: Procedures Topics abstraction and implementation IA32 stack discipline Procedural Memory Usage void swap(int *xp, int *yp) int t0 = *xp; int t1 = *yp; *xp = t1; *yp

More information

211: Computer Architecture Summer 2016

211: Computer Architecture Summer 2016 211: Computer Architecture Summer 2016 Liu Liu Topic: Assembly Programming Storage - Assembly Programming: Recap - project2 - Structure/ Array Representation - Structure Alignment Rutgers University Liu

More information

Machine- Level Programming III: Switch Statements and IA32 Procedures

Machine- Level Programming III: Switch Statements and IA32 Procedures Machine- Level Programming III: Switch Statements and IA32 Procedures CS 485: Systems Programming Fall 2015 Instructor: James Griffioen Adapted from slides by R. Bryant and D. O Hallaron (hjp://csapp.cs.cmu.edu/public/instructors.html)

More information

Stack Discipline Jan. 19, 2018

Stack Discipline Jan. 19, 2018 15-410 An Experience Like No Other Discipline Jan. 19, 2018 Dave Eckhardt Brian Railing Slides originally stolen from 15-213 1 15-410, S 18 Synchronization Registration The wait list will probably be done

More information

An Experience Like No Other. Stack Discipline Aug. 30, 2006

An Experience Like No Other. Stack Discipline Aug. 30, 2006 15-410 An Experience Like No Other Discipline Aug. 30, 2006 Bruce Maggs Dave Eckhardt Slides originally stolen from 15-213 15-410, F 06 Synchronization Registration If you're here but not registered, please

More information

University of Washington

University of Washington Roadmap C: car *c = malloc(sizeof(car)); c->miles = 100; c->gals = 17; float mpg = get_mpg(c); free(c); Assembly language: Machine code: Computer system: get_mpg: pushq %rbp movq %rsp, %rbp... popq %rbp

More information

Procedure Calls. Young W. Lim Sat. Young W. Lim Procedure Calls Sat 1 / 27

Procedure Calls. Young W. Lim Sat. Young W. Lim Procedure Calls Sat 1 / 27 Procedure Calls Young W. Lim 2016-11-05 Sat Young W. Lim Procedure Calls 2016-11-05 Sat 1 / 27 Outline 1 Introduction References Stack Background Transferring Control Register Usage Conventions Procedure

More information

hnp://

hnp:// The bots face off in a tournament against one another and about an equal number of humans, with each player trying to score points by elimina&ng its opponents. Each player also has a "judging gun" in addi&on

More information

Procedure Calls. Young W. Lim Mon. Young W. Lim Procedure Calls Mon 1 / 29

Procedure Calls. Young W. Lim Mon. Young W. Lim Procedure Calls Mon 1 / 29 Procedure Calls Young W. Lim 2017-08-21 Mon Young W. Lim Procedure Calls 2017-08-21 Mon 1 / 29 Outline 1 Introduction Based on Stack Background Transferring Control Register Usage Conventions Procedure

More information

Machine- Level Programming III: Switch Statements and IA32 Procedures

Machine- Level Programming III: Switch Statements and IA32 Procedures Machine- Level Programming III: Switch Statements and IA32 Procedures 15-213: Introduc;on to Computer Systems 6 th Lecture, Sep. 9, 2010 Instructors: Randy Bryant and Dave O Hallaron Today Switch statements

More information

CS241 Computer Organization Spring Addresses & Pointers

CS241 Computer Organization Spring Addresses & Pointers CS241 Computer Organization Spring 2015 Addresses & Pointers 2-24 2015 Outline! Addresses & Pointers! leal - load effective address! Condition Codes & Jumps! conditional statements: if-then-else! conditional

More information

Assembly I: Basic Operations. Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University

Assembly I: Basic Operations. Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University Assembly I: Basic Operations Jin-Soo Kim (jinsookim@skku.edu) Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University http://csl.skku.edu Moving Data (1) Moving data: movl source, dest Move 4-byte ( long )

More information

Assembly Language: Function Calls

Assembly Language: Function Calls Assembly Language: Function Calls 1 Goals of this Lecture Help you learn: Function call problems: Calling and returning Passing parameters Storing local variables Handling registers without interference

More information

Assembly I: Basic Operations. Jo, Heeseung

Assembly I: Basic Operations. Jo, Heeseung Assembly I: Basic Operations Jo, Heeseung Moving Data (1) Moving data: movl source, dest Move 4-byte ("long") word Lots of these in typical code Operand types Immediate: constant integer data - Like C

More information

1 /* file cpuid2.s */ 4.asciz "The processor Vendor ID is %s \n" 5.section.bss. 6.lcomm buffer, section.text. 8.globl _start.

1 /* file cpuid2.s */ 4.asciz The processor Vendor ID is %s \n 5.section.bss. 6.lcomm buffer, section.text. 8.globl _start. 1 /* file cpuid2.s */ 2.section.data 3 output: 4.asciz "The processor Vendor ID is %s \n" 5.section.bss 6.lcomm buffer, 12 7.section.text 8.globl _start 9 _start: 10 movl $0, %eax 11 cpuid 12 movl $buffer,

More information

ASSEMBLY I: BASIC OPERATIONS. Jo, Heeseung

ASSEMBLY I: BASIC OPERATIONS. Jo, Heeseung ASSEMBLY I: BASIC OPERATIONS Jo, Heeseung MOVING DATA (1) Moving data: movl source, dest Move 4-byte ("long") word Lots of these in typical code Operand types Immediate: constant integer data - Like C

More information

Assembly Language: Function Calls" Goals of this Lecture"

Assembly Language: Function Calls Goals of this Lecture Assembly Language: Function Calls" 1 Goals of this Lecture" Help you learn:" Function call problems:" Calling and returning" Passing parameters" Storing local variables" Handling registers without interference"

More information

Assembly Language: Function Calls" Goals of this Lecture"

Assembly Language: Function Calls Goals of this Lecture Assembly Language: Function Calls" 1 Goals of this Lecture" Help you learn:" Function call problems:" Calling and urning" Passing parameters" Storing local variables" Handling registers without interference"

More information

Assembly Language: Function Calls. Goals of this Lecture. Function Call Problems

Assembly Language: Function Calls. Goals of this Lecture. Function Call Problems Assembly Language: Function Calls 1 Goals of this Lecture Help you learn: Function call problems: Calling and urning Passing parameters Storing local variables Handling registers without interference Returning

More information

CS241 Computer Organization Spring 2015 IA

CS241 Computer Organization Spring 2015 IA CS241 Computer Organization Spring 2015 IA-32 2-10 2015 Outline! Review HW#3 and Quiz#1! More on Assembly (IA32) move instruction (mov) memory address computation arithmetic & logic instructions (add,

More information

Assembly III: Procedures. Jin-Soo Kim Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University

Assembly III: Procedures. Jin-Soo Kim Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University Assembly III: Procedures Jin-Soo Kim (jinsookim@skku.edu) Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University http://csl.skku.edu Mechanisms in Procedures Passing control To beginning of procedure code

More information

X86 Stack Calling Function POV

X86 Stack Calling Function POV X86 Stack Calling Function POV Computer Systems Section 3.7 Stack Frame Reg Value ebp xffff FFF0 esp xffff FFE0 eax x0000 000E Memory Address Value xffff FFF8 xffff FFF4 x0000 0004 xffff FFF4 x0000 0003

More information

CS 31: Intro to Systems Functions and the Stack. Martin Gagne Swarthmore College February 23, 2016

CS 31: Intro to Systems Functions and the Stack. Martin Gagne Swarthmore College February 23, 2016 CS 31: Intro to Systems Functions and the Stack Martin Gagne Swarthmore College February 23, 2016 Reminders Late policy: you do not have to send me an email to inform me of a late submission before the

More information

Turning C into Object Code Code in files p1.c p2.c Compile with command: gcc -O p1.c p2.c -o p Use optimizations (-O) Put resulting binary in file p

Turning C into Object Code Code in files p1.c p2.c Compile with command: gcc -O p1.c p2.c -o p Use optimizations (-O) Put resulting binary in file p Turning C into Object Code Code in files p1.c p2.c Compile with command: gcc -O p1.c p2.c -o p Use optimizations (-O) Put resulting binary in file p text C program (p1.c p2.c) Compiler (gcc -S) text Asm

More information

Function Calls COS 217. Reading: Chapter 4 of Programming From the Ground Up (available online from the course Web site)

Function Calls COS 217. Reading: Chapter 4 of Programming From the Ground Up (available online from the course Web site) Function Calls COS 217 Reading: Chapter 4 of Programming From the Ground Up (available online from the course Web site) 1 Goals of Today s Lecture Finishing introduction to assembly language o EFLAGS register

More information

Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction Jan. 30, 2001

Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction Jan. 30, 2001 15-213 Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction Jan. 30, 2001 Topics Assembly Programmer s Execution Model Accessing Information Registers Memory Arithmetic operations IA32 Processors Totally Dominate

More information

Machine-Level Programming II: Control and Arithmetic

Machine-Level Programming II: Control and Arithmetic Machine-Level Programming II: Control and Arithmetic CSCI 2400: Computer Architecture Instructor: David Ferry Slides adapted from Bryant & O Hallaron s slides 1 Today Complete addressing mode, address

More information

CSE 351: Week 4. Tom Bergan, TA

CSE 351: Week 4. Tom Bergan, TA CSE 35 Week 4 Tom Bergan, TA Does this code look okay? int binarysearch(int a[], int length, int key) { int low = 0; int high = length - ; while (low

More information

CMSC 313 Lecture 12. Project 3 Questions. How C functions pass parameters. UMBC, CMSC313, Richard Chang

CMSC 313 Lecture 12. Project 3 Questions. How C functions pass parameters. UMBC, CMSC313, Richard Chang Project 3 Questions CMSC 313 Lecture 12 How C functions pass parameters UMBC, CMSC313, Richard Chang Last Time Stack Instructions: PUSH, POP PUSH adds an item to the top of the stack POP

More information

Assembly Programmer s View Lecture 4A Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction

Assembly Programmer s View Lecture 4A Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction Assembly Programmer s View Lecture 4A Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction E I P CPU isters Condition Codes Addresses Data Instructions Memory Object Code Program Data OS Data Topics Assembly Programmer

More information

CISC 360. Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction Sept. 18, 2008

CISC 360. Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction Sept. 18, 2008 CISC 360 Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction Sept. 18, 2008 Topics Assembly Programmerʼs Execution Model Accessing Information Registers Memory Arithmetic operations IA32 Processors Totally Dominate

More information

The course that gives CMU its Zip! Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction Sept. 10, 2002

The course that gives CMU its Zip! Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction Sept. 10, 2002 15-213 The course that gives CMU its Zip! Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction Sept. 10, 2002 Topics Assembly Programmer s Execution Model Accessing Information Registers Memory Arithmetic operations

More information

This is a medical robot, guided by a skilled surgeon and designed to get to places doctors are unable to reach without opening a pacent up.

This is a medical robot, guided by a skilled surgeon and designed to get to places doctors are unable to reach without opening a pacent up. BBC Headline: Slashdot Headline: Robots join the fight against cancer Robot Snakes To Fight Cancer Via Natural Orifice Surgery This is a medical robot, guided by a skilled surgeon and designed to get to

More information

University*of*Washington*

University*of*Washington* Roadmap* C:* car *c = malloc(sizeof(car)); c->miles = 100; c->gals = 17; float mpg = get_mpg(c); free(c); Assembly* language:* Machine* code:* Computer* system:* get_mpg: pushq movq... popq %rbp %rsp,

More information

4) C = 96 * B 5) 1 and 3 only 6) 2 and 4 only

4) C = 96 * B 5) 1 and 3 only 6) 2 and 4 only Instructions: The following questions use the AT&T (GNU) syntax for x86-32 assembly code, as in the course notes. Submit your answers to these questions to the Curator as OQ05 by the posted due date and

More information

Question 4.2 2: (Solution, p 5) Suppose that the HYMN CPU begins with the following in memory. addr data (translation) LOAD 11110

Question 4.2 2: (Solution, p 5) Suppose that the HYMN CPU begins with the following in memory. addr data (translation) LOAD 11110 Questions 1 Question 4.1 1: (Solution, p 5) Define the fetch-execute cycle as it relates to a computer processing a program. Your definition should describe the primary purpose of each phase. Question

More information

Machine-Level Programming II: Arithmetic & Control /18-243: Introduction to Computer Systems 6th Lecture, 5 June 2012

Machine-Level Programming II: Arithmetic & Control /18-243: Introduction to Computer Systems 6th Lecture, 5 June 2012 n Mello Machine-Level Programming II: Arithmetic & Control 15-213/18-243: Introduction to Computer Systems 6th Lecture, 5 June 2012 Instructors: Gregory Kesden The course that gives CMU its Zip! Last Time:

More information

CPSC W Term 2 Problem Set #3 - Solution

CPSC W Term 2 Problem Set #3 - Solution 1. (a) int gcd(int a, int b) { if (a == b) urn a; else if (a > b) urn gcd(a - b, b); else urn gcd(a, b - a); CPSC 313 06W Term 2 Problem Set #3 - Solution.file "gcdrec.c".globl gcd.type gcd, @function

More information

Machine Programming 1: Introduction

Machine Programming 1: Introduction Machine Programming 1: Introduction CS61, Lecture 3 Prof. Stephen Chong September 8, 2011 Announcements (1/2) Assignment 1 due Tuesday Please fill in survey by 5pm today! Assignment 2 will be released

More information

Systems Programming and Computer Architecture ( )

Systems Programming and Computer Architecture ( ) Systems Group Department of Computer Science ETH Zürich Systems Programming and Computer Architecture (252-0061-00) Timothy Roscoe Herbstsemester 2016 AS 2016 Compiling C Control Flow 1 8: Compiling C

More information

Sungkyunkwan University

Sungkyunkwan University u Complete addressing mode, address computa3on (leal) u Arithme3c opera3ons u x86-64 u Control: Condi3on codes u Condi3onal branches u While loops int absdiff(int x, int y) { int result; if (x > y) { result

More information

Data Representa/ons: IA32 + x86-64

Data Representa/ons: IA32 + x86-64 X86-64 Instruc/on Set Architecture Instructor: Sanjeev Se(a 1 Data Representa/ons: IA32 + x86-64 Sizes of C Objects (in Bytes) C Data Type Typical 32- bit Intel IA32 x86-64 unsigned 4 4 4 int 4 4 4 long

More information

Ge-ng at things on the chip you can t easily reach from C

Ge-ng at things on the chip you can t easily reach from C chapter 3 part 2 1 Ge-ng at things on the chip you can t easily reach from C 2 CPUID CPUID example from Blum, Professional Assembly Language. Programmer to Programmer. Very good maybe lidle bit dated Available

More information

CMSC 313 Fall2009 Midterm Exam 2 Section 01 Nov 11, 2009

CMSC 313 Fall2009 Midterm Exam 2 Section 01 Nov 11, 2009 CMSC 313 Fall2009 Midterm Exam 2 Section 01 Nov 11, 2009 Name Score out of 70 UMBC Username Notes: a. Please write clearly. Unreadable answers receive no credit. b. For TRUE/FALSE questions, write the

More information

COMP 210 Example Question Exam 2 (Solutions at the bottom)

COMP 210 Example Question Exam 2 (Solutions at the bottom) _ Problem 1. COMP 210 Example Question Exam 2 (Solutions at the bottom) This question will test your ability to reconstruct C code from the assembled output. On the opposing page, there is asm code for

More information

CS 33: Week 3 Discussion. x86 Assembly (v1.0) Section 1G

CS 33: Week 3 Discussion. x86 Assembly (v1.0) Section 1G CS 33: Week 3 Discussion x86 Assembly (v1.0) Section 1G Announcements - HW2 due Sunday - MT1 this Thursday! - Lab2 out Info Name: Eric Kim (Section 1G, 2-4 PM, BH 5419) Office Hours (Boelter 2432) - Wed

More information

Machine-Level Programming Introduction

Machine-Level Programming Introduction Machine-Level Programming Introduction Today Assembly programmer s exec model Accessing information Arithmetic operations Next time More of the same Fabián E. Bustamante, Spring 2007 IA32 Processors Totally

More information

Credits to Randy Bryant & Dave O Hallaron

Credits to Randy Bryant & Dave O Hallaron Mellon Machine Level Programming II: Arithmetic & Control Lecture 4, March 10, 2011 Alexandre David Credits to Randy Bryant & Dave O Hallaron from Carnegie Mellon 1 Today Complete addressing mode, address

More information

CMSC 313 Lecture 12 [draft] How C functions pass parameters

CMSC 313 Lecture 12 [draft] How C functions pass parameters CMSC 313 Lecture 12 [draft] How C functions pass parameters UMBC, CMSC313, Richard Chang Last Time Stack Instructions: PUSH, POP PUSH adds an item to the top of the stack POP removes an

More information

Process Layout and Function Calls

Process Layout and Function Calls Process Layout and Function Calls CS 6 Spring 07 / 8 Process Layout in Memory Stack grows towards decreasing addresses. is initialized at run-time. Heap grow towards increasing addresses. is initialized

More information

Questions about last homework? (Would more feedback be useful?) New reading assignment up: due next Monday

Questions about last homework? (Would more feedback be useful?) New reading assignment up: due next Monday Questions about last homework? (Would more feedback be useful?) New reading assignment up: due next Monday addl: bitwise for signed (& unsigned) 4 bits: 1000 = -8, 0111 = 7-8 + -8 = -16 = 0 1000 + 1000

More information

Page # CISC 360. Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction Sept. 18, IA32 Processors. X86 Evolution: Programmerʼs View.

Page # CISC 360. Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction Sept. 18, IA32 Processors. X86 Evolution: Programmerʼs View. Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction Sept. 18, 2008 Topics CISC 360 Assembly Programmerʼs Execution Model Accessing Information Registers Memory Arithmetic operations IA32 Processors Totally Dominate

More information

Machine Level Programming II: Arithmetic &Control

Machine Level Programming II: Arithmetic &Control Machine Level Programming II: Arithmetic &Control Arithmetic operations Control: Condition codes Conditional branches Loops Switch Kai Shen 1 2 Some Arithmetic Operations Two Operand Instructions: Format

More information

Instruction Set Architecture

Instruction Set Architecture CS:APP Chapter 4 Computer Architecture Instruction Set Architecture Randal E. Bryant Carnegie Mellon University http://csapp.cs.cmu.edu CS:APP Instruction Set Architecture Assembly Language View! Processor

More information

CIT Week13 Lecture

CIT Week13 Lecture CIT 3136 - Week13 Lecture Runtime Environments During execution, allocation must be maintained by the generated code that is compatible with the scope and lifetime rules of the language. Typically there

More information

Instruction Set Architecture

Instruction Set Architecture CS:APP Chapter 4 Computer Architecture Instruction Set Architecture Randal E. Bryant Carnegie Mellon University http://csapp.cs.cmu.edu CS:APP Instruction Set Architecture Assembly Language View Processor

More information

CAS CS Computer Systems Spring 2015 Solutions to Problem Set #2 (Intel Instructions) Due: Friday, March 20, 1:00 pm

CAS CS Computer Systems Spring 2015 Solutions to Problem Set #2 (Intel Instructions) Due: Friday, March 20, 1:00 pm CAS CS 210 - Computer Systems Spring 2015 Solutions to Problem Set #2 (Intel Instructions) Due: Friday, March 20, 1:00 pm This problem set is to be completed individually. Explain how you got to your answers

More information

Machine Program: Procedure. Zhaoguo Wang

Machine Program: Procedure. Zhaoguo Wang Machine Program: Procedure Zhaoguo Wang Requirements of procedure calls? P() { y = Q(x); y++; 1. Passing control int Q(int i) { int t, z; return z; Requirements of procedure calls? P() { y = Q(x); y++;

More information

Machine- level Programming

Machine- level Programming Machine- level Programming Topics Assembly Programmer s Execu:on Model Accessing Informa:on Registers Memory Arithme:c opera:ons 1! Evolu:onary Design Star:ng in 1978 with 8086 IA32 Processors Added more

More information

Implementing Threads. Operating Systems In Depth II 1 Copyright 2018 Thomas W. Doeppner. All rights reserved.

Implementing Threads. Operating Systems In Depth II 1 Copyright 2018 Thomas W. Doeppner. All rights reserved. Implementing Threads Operating Systems In Depth II 1 Copyright 2018 Thomas W Doeppner All rights reserved The Unix Address Space stack dynamic bss data text Operating Systems In Depth II 2 Copyright 2018

More information

CS241 Computer Organization Spring Loops & Arrays

CS241 Computer Organization Spring Loops & Arrays CS241 Computer Organization Spring 2015 Loops & Arrays 2-26 2015 Outline! Loops C loops: while, for, do-while Translation to jump to middle! Arrays Read: CS:APP2 Chapter 3, sections 3.6 3.7 IA32 Overview

More information

The Hardware/Software Interface CSE351 Spring 2015

The Hardware/Software Interface CSE351 Spring 2015 The Hardware/Software Interface CSE351 Spring 2015 Lecture 7 Instructor: Katelin Bailey Teaching Assistants: Kaleo Brandt, Dylan Johnson, Luke Nelson, Alfian Rizqi, Kritin Vij, David Wong, and Shan Yang

More information

IA32 Processors The course that gives CMU its Zip! Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction Sept. 10, X86 Evolution: Programmer s View

IA32 Processors The course that gives CMU its Zip! Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction Sept. 10, X86 Evolution: Programmer s View Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction Sept. 10, 2002 class05.ppt 15-213 The course that gives CMU its Zip! Topics Assembly Programmer s Execution Model Accessing Information Registers Memory Arithmetic

More information

Machine-Level Programming II: Arithmetic & Control. Complete Memory Addressing Modes

Machine-Level Programming II: Arithmetic & Control. Complete Memory Addressing Modes Machine-Level Programming II: Arithmetic & Control CS-281: Introduction to Computer Systems Instructor: Thomas C. Bressoud 1 Complete Memory Addressing Modes Most General Form D(Rb,Ri,S)Mem[Reg[Rb]+S*Reg[Ri]+

More information

X86 Assembly -Data II:1

X86 Assembly -Data II:1 X86 Assembly -Data II:1 Administrivia HW1 due tonight Paper to locker, file to blackboard Lab1 Check scoreboard Quiz0 Remind me if you don t see in the lecture slide online Reading: chapter 3 now! II:2

More information

CPEG421/621 Tutorial

CPEG421/621 Tutorial CPEG421/621 Tutorial Compiler data representation system call interface calling convention Assembler object file format object code model Linker program initialization exception handling relocation model

More information

Machine-Level Programming Introduction

Machine-Level Programming Introduction Machine-Level Programming Introduction Today! Assembly programmer s exec model! Accessing information! Arithmetic operations Next time! More of the same Fabián E. Bustamante, 2007 X86 Evolution: Programmer

More information

Register Allocation, iii. Bringing in functions & using spilling & coalescing

Register Allocation, iii. Bringing in functions & using spilling & coalescing Register Allocation, iii Bringing in functions & using spilling & coalescing 1 Function Calls ;; f(x) = let y = g(x) ;; in h(y+x) + y*5 (:f (x

More information

Chapter 3 Machine-Level Programming II (Sections )

Chapter 3 Machine-Level Programming II (Sections ) Chapter 3 Machine-Level Programming II (Sections 3.4 3.9) with material from Dr. Bin Ren, College of William & Mary 1 Outline Introduction of IA32 IA32 operations Data movement operations Stack operations

More information

The Hardware/Software Interface CSE351 Spring 2013

The Hardware/Software Interface CSE351 Spring 2013 The Hardware/Software Interface CSE351 Spring 2013 x86 Programming II 2 Today s Topics: control flow Condition codes Conditional and unconditional branches Loops 3 Conditionals and Control Flow A conditional

More information

x86 assembly CS449 Fall 2017

x86 assembly CS449 Fall 2017 x86 assembly CS449 Fall 2017 x86 is a CISC CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) e.g. x86 Hundreds of (complex) instructions Only a handful of registers RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) e.g. MIPS

More information

h"p://news.illinois.edu/news/12/0927transient_electronics_johnrogers.html

hp://news.illinois.edu/news/12/0927transient_electronics_johnrogers.html Researchers at the University of Illinois, in collaborafon with TuHs University and Northwestern University, have demonstrated a new type of biodegradable electronics technology that could introduce new

More information

Lecture #16: Introduction to Runtime Organization. Last modified: Fri Mar 19 00:17: CS164: Lecture #16 1

Lecture #16: Introduction to Runtime Organization. Last modified: Fri Mar 19 00:17: CS164: Lecture #16 1 Lecture #16: Introduction to Runtime Organization Last modified: Fri Mar 19 00:17:19 2010 CS164: Lecture #16 1 Status Lexical analysis Produces tokens Detects & eliminates illegal tokens Parsing Produces

More information

Meet & Greet! Come hang out with your TAs and Fellow Students (& eat free insomnia cookies) When : TODAY!! 5-6 pm Where : 3rd Floor Atrium, CIT

Meet & Greet! Come hang out with your TAs and Fellow Students (& eat free insomnia cookies) When : TODAY!! 5-6 pm Where : 3rd Floor Atrium, CIT Meet & Greet! Come hang out with your TAs and Fellow Students (& eat free insomnia cookies) When : TODAY!! 5-6 pm Where : 3rd Floor Atrium, CIT CS33 Intro to Computer Systems XI 1 Copyright 2017 Thomas

More information

! Starting in 1978 with ! Added more features as time goes on. ! Still support old features, although obsolete

! Starting in 1978 with ! Added more features as time goes on. ! Still support old features, although obsolete Machine-Level Programming I: Introduction Sept. 10, 2002 class05.ppt 15-213 The course that gives CMU its Zip! Topics! Assembly Programmer s Execution Model! Accessing Information " Registers " Memory!

More information

Instruction Set Architecture

Instruction Set Architecture CISC 360 Instruction Set Architecture Michela Taufer October 9, 2008 Powerpoint Lecture Notes for Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective, R. Bryant and D. O'Hallaron, Prentice Hall, 2003 Chapter

More information

CISC 360 Instruction Set Architecture

CISC 360 Instruction Set Architecture CISC 360 Instruction Set Architecture Michela Taufer October 9, 2008 Powerpoint Lecture Notes for Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective, R. Bryant and D. O'Hallaron, Prentice Hall, 2003 Chapter

More information

Lab 10: Introduction to x86 Assembly

Lab 10: Introduction to x86 Assembly CS342 Computer Security Handout # 8 Prof. Lyn Turbak Wednesday, Nov. 07, 2012 Wellesley College Revised Nov. 09, 2012 Lab 10: Introduction to x86 Assembly Revisions: Nov. 9 The sos O3.s file on p. 10 was

More information

System Programming and Computer Architecture (Fall 2009)

System Programming and Computer Architecture (Fall 2009) System Programming and Computer Architecture (Fall 2009) Recitation 2 October 8 th, 2009 Zaheer Chothia Email: zchothia@student.ethz.ch Web: http://n.ethz.ch/~zchothia/ Topics for Today Classroom Exercise

More information

Access. Young W. Lim Sat. Young W. Lim Access Sat 1 / 19

Access. Young W. Lim Sat. Young W. Lim Access Sat 1 / 19 Access Young W. Lim 2017-06-10 Sat Young W. Lim Access 2017-06-10 Sat 1 / 19 Outline 1 Introduction References IA32 Operand Forms Data Movement Instructions Data Movement Examples Young W. Lim Access 2017-06-10

More information

4/9/2018. Outline. Chapter 3 Machine-Level Programming II (Sections ) CISC instruction sets. RISC instruction sets. Compare Y86 and IA32

4/9/2018. Outline. Chapter 3 Machine-Level Programming II (Sections ) CISC instruction sets. RISC instruction sets. Compare Y86 and IA32 Outline Chapter 3 Machine-Level Programming II (Sections 3.4 3.9) with material from Dr. Bin Ren, College of William & Mary Introduction of IA32 IA32 operations Data movement operations Stack operations

More information

Stack -- Memory which holds register contents. Will keep the EIP of the next address after the call

Stack -- Memory which holds register contents. Will keep the EIP of the next address after the call Call without Parameter Value Transfer What are involved? ESP Stack Pointer Register Grows by 4 for EIP (return address) storage Stack -- Memory which holds register contents Will keep the EIP of the next

More information

CSC 2400: Computing Systems. X86 Assembly: Function Calls"

CSC 2400: Computing Systems. X86 Assembly: Function Calls CSC 24: Computing Systems X86 Assembly: Function Calls" 1 Lecture Goals! Challenges of supporting functions" Providing information for the called function" Function arguments and local variables" Allowing

More information

CS429: Computer Organization and Architecture

CS429: Computer Organization and Architecture CS429: Computer Organization and Architecture Dr. Bill Young Department of Computer Sciences University of Texas at Austin Last updated: February 28, 2018 at 06:32 CS429 Slideset 9: 1 Mechanisms in Procedures

More information

THEORY OF COMPILATION

THEORY OF COMPILATION Lecture 10 Activation Records THEORY OF COMPILATION EranYahav www.cs.technion.ac.il/~yahave/tocs2011/compilers-lec10.pptx Reference: Dragon 7.1,7.2. MCD 6.3,6.4.2 1 You are here Compiler txt Source Lexical

More information