ITP 342 Mobile App Dev. Code

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1 ITP 342 Mobile App Dev Code

2 Comments Variables Arithmetic operators Format specifiers if - else Relational operators Logical operators Constants Outline 2

3 Comments For a single line comment, use // The compiler ignores any characters that follow these slashes, up to the end of the line // Button_FunViewController.h! #import Button_FunViewController : UIViewController {!UILabel *statustext; // Displays a message! (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UILabel *statustext;! - (IBAction) 3

4 Comments For a multi-line comment, use /* */ Use when comments span many lines of code /*! Button_FunViewController.h! Created by Trina Gregory! */! #import Button_FunViewController : UIViewController {!UILabel *statustext;! (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UILabel *statustext;! - (IBAction) 4

5 Instance Variables Specify the types of data to be stored in your class along with the names of those data types Data types can be: C basic types like int, float, char Objective-C defined types like BOOL Other classes that you have created or ones that are already created such as NSString Names Begin with a letter or underscore (_) Followed by any combo of letters (upper- or lowercase), underscores, or the digits 0-9 Cannot be a reserved word like int 5

6 Variables Variables allow us to store information The C programming language is a statically typed language We have to tell upfront what kind of data a variable is going to hold Format to declare a variable: type name; Examples: int num1; float score; Declare once, use many 6

7 C Data Types There are five basic data types associated with variables: int integer, a whole number float floating point value (i.e., a number with a fractional part) double a double-precision floating point value char a single character void valueless special purpose type 7

8 Defined Types The principal types used in Objective-C are defined in objc/objc.h 8

9 Assignment To assign variables a value, use = The value has to match the type of the variable Format: name = value; Example: num = 20; Sometimes you will want to declare and assign at the same time Format: type name = value; Example: int num = 20; 9

10 Strings Strings of characters are surrounded by double quotes In Objective-C, pass strings around in NSString objects NSString class provides an object wrapper for strings with advantages such as: Built-in memory management for storing arbitrary-length strings Support for Unicode printf-style utilities Shorthand notation for creating NSString objects NSString* name Gregory"; 10

11 Arithmetic Operators Arithmetic expressions can be formed using the +, -, *, and / operators together with variables or numbers referred to as operands When both operands are of the same type, the result is of that type When one of the operands is a floating-point type and the other is an integer, the result is a floating point type Example: int hoursworked = 40; float payrate = 8.25; Operator Function + Addition - Subtraction / Division * Multiplication % Modulus float pay = hoursworked * payrate; // will equal

12 The Division Operator The division operator (/) behaves as expected if one of the operands is a floatingpoint type When both operands are integer types, the result is truncated, not rounded Example: 14.0 / 5 has a value of / 5 has a value of 2 99 / 100 has a value of 0! 12

13 The mod Operator The mod (%) operator is used with operators of integer type to obtain the remainder after integer division 14 divided by 4 is 3 with a remainder of 2 Hence, 14 % 4 is equal to 2 The mod operator has many uses, including determining if an integer is odd or even determining if one integer is evenly divisible by another integer 13

14 Example Code int num1 = 10; int num2 = 3; int result; result = num1 + num2; NSLog(@"%i + %i = %i", num1, num2, result); result = num1 - num2; NSLog(@"%i - %i = %i", num1, num2, result); result = num1 * num2; NSLog(@"%i * %i = %i", num1, num2, result); result = num1 / num2; NSLog(@"%i / %i = %i", num1, num2, result); result = num1 % num2; NSLog(@"%i mod %i = %i", num1, num2, result); Output = = 7 10 * 3 = / 3 = 3 10 mod 3 = 1 14

15 Format Specifiers When using NSString or NSLog, we format depending on the type of the variable Specifer" Description" object such as NSString" %% % character" %d,%d,%i %u,%u integer (int)" unsigned integer" %f floating point number (double)" %e floating point number in scientific notation" %g floating point number in %e or %f" %s array of characters (C-string)" %c character (char)" 15

16 Flow of Control Flow of control is the order in which a program performs actions Up to this point, the order has been sequential A branching statement chooses between two or more possible actions A loop statement repeats an action until a stopping condition occurs 16

17 if - else Statement A branching statement that chooses between two possible actions if (booleanexpressionistrue) { statement1; statement2;... } else // booleanexpressionisfalse { statement3; statement4;... }" 17

18 Boolean Expressions The value of a boolean expression is either TRUE or FALSE (YES or NO) Examples: num > 0 num < 20 balance <= 0 time < limit The relational and logical operators together form the Boolean operators since their result is always TRUE or FALSE 18

19 Relational Operators Operator Function > Greater than >= Greater than or equal to == Equal to!= Not equal to <= Less than or equal to < Less than 19

20 Logical Operator - AND Boolean expressions can be combined using the "and (&&) operator Example if ((score > 0) && (score <= 100)) Not allowed if (0 < score <= 100) True when both expressions are true "If you eat your peas and your carrots, then you will get dessert." 20

21 Logical Operator - OR Boolean expressions can be combined using the or ( ) operator Example if ((quantity > 5) (cost < 10)) True when one or both expressions are true "If you eat your peas or your carrots, then you will get dessert." 21

22 Logical Operator - NOT A boolean expression can be negated using the not (!) operator Syntax!(booleanExpression) True when boolean expression is false 22

23 Logic Table A B A && B A B!(A) YES YES YES YES NO YES NO NO YES NO NO YES NO YES YES NO NO NO NO YES 23

24 Constants Sometimes we want to give a value to something that will not change (not be variable) To define constants, you can use #define #define kshowsegmentindex 0 #define kmaxplayers 4 When this symbol is encountered in your code, it will be replaced as follows: if (numplayers < kmaxplayers) {... } becomes if (numplayers < 4) {... } 24

25 #define The #define command can also be used to define functions, like this: #define kpi 3.141f #define square(x) ((x) * (x)) When used in your code, this... float area = kpi * square(r) becomes this... float area = 3.141f * ((r) * (r)) 25

26 #define Why did we use all those parentheses? Consider this: #define square(x) x * x! When used as follows, this... int a = square(b + c)! becomes this... int a = b + (c * b) + c! It s important to realize that #define is evaluated by the preprocessor, not the compiler Think of it as a textual search-and-replace in your code, done before the compiler ever sees it 26

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