Object Oriented Programming
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1 Object Oriented Programming Luis Pedro Coelho On the web: On European Molecular Biology Laboratory June 16, 2014 Luis Pedro Coelho (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (1 / 27)
2 Procedural Programming Procedural programming: organising programs around functions. Object-oriented programming: organising programs around objects. Luis Pedro Coelho (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (2 / 27)
3 Object Oriented Programming OOP Aggregation organise functions & data into classes. Encapsulation hide information inside methods. Polymorphism re-use code for multiple types. Inheritance re-use code from one class to build another. Luis Pedro Coelho (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (3 / 27)
4 User-Defined Types Built-in Types.1 lists.2 dictionaries.3 strings.4 Luis Pedro Coelho (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (4 / 27)
5 Type What s a Type.1 A domain of values.2 A set of methods (functions) Luis Pedro Coelho (luis@luispedro.org) (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (5 / 27)
6 Examples of Types List.1 Domain: lists.2 Functions: L.append(e),L.insert(idx,e),.3 Operators: L[0], Rita in L Luis Pedro Coelho (luis@luispedro.org) (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (6 / 27)
7 Examples of Types List.1 Domain: lists.2 Functions: L.append(e),L.insert(idx,e),.3 Operators: L[0], Rita in L Integer.1 Domain:..., 2, 1, 0, 1, 2,....2 Operators: A + B, Luis Pedro Coelho (luis@luispedro.org) (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (6 / 27)
8 User-defined Types Object-oriented programming languages allow us to define new types. Luis Pedro Coelho (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (7 / 27)
9 Motivating Example Simple Simulation.1 Boat goes around the ocean.2 You can move it around Luis Pedro Coelho (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (8 / 27)
10 Boat Class We define a Boat class, with two values, latitude & longitude, and five methods:.1 move_north, move_south, move_east, move_west.2 distance Luis Pedro Coelho (luis@luispedro.org) (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (9 / 27)
11 Using our Boat b = Boat ( ) b2 = Boat ( ) b. move_north ( 1. ) b2. move_south ( 2. ) p r i n t b. d i s t a n c e ( b2 ) Luis Pedro Coelho (luis@luispedro.org) (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (10 / 27)
12 Classes As Logical Units Class A class aggregates data and functions that belong together. Luis Pedro Coelho (luis@luispedro.org) (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (11 / 27)
13 Boat Interface Interface Functions:.1 Constructor: Takes the initial adaptation value and sigma..2 move_*: Moves the boat..3 distance(b): Computes the distance between two boats. Data elements:.1 latitude: Current latitude..2 longitude: Current longitude. Luis Pedro Coelho (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (12 / 27)
14 Luis Pedro Coelho (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (13 / 27)
15 Calling Methods Defining a method c l a s s Boat ( o b j e c t ) : def init ( s e l f, l a t=0, long=0 ) : s e l f. l a t i t u d e = l a t s e l f. l o n g i t u d e = long def move_north ( s e l f, d l a t ) : s e l f. l a t i t u d e += d l a t Calling a Method obj = Boat ( ) obj. method ( arg1, arg2 ) Luis Pedro Coelho (luis@luispedro.org) (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (14 / 27)
16 Object Oriented Programming OOP Aggregation organise functions & data into classes. Encapsulation hide information inside methods. Polymorphism re-use code for multiple types. Inheritance re-use code from one class to build another. Luis Pedro Coelho (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (15 / 27)
17 Polymorphism Type Polymorphism Code is polymorphic if it can use different types without change Luis Pedro Coelho (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (16 / 27)
18 Scientific Boats A scientific boat can take samples as well as travel Luis Pedro Coelho (luis@luispedro.org) (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (17 / 27)
19 ScientificBoat c l a s s S c i e n t i f i c B o a t ( o b j e c t ) : def init ( s e l f, l a t=0, long=0 ) : s e l f. l a t i t u d e = l a t s e l f. l o n g i t u d e = long def move_north ( s e l f, d l a t ) :... Luis Pedro Coelho (luis@luispedro.org) (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (18 / 27)
20 Duck Typing Luis Pedro Coelho (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (19 / 27)
21 Object Oriented Programming OOP Aggregation organise functions & data into classes. Encapsulation hide information inside methods. Polymorphism re-use code for multiple types. Inheritance re-use code from one class to build another. Luis Pedro Coelho (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (20 / 27)
22 Typical Polymorphism Typical examples Actors in a simulation. File-like objects. Widgets. Luis Pedro Coelho (luis@luispedro.org) (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (21 / 27)
23 Inheritance The code for ScientificBoat is very similar to the code for Boat. Luis Pedro Coelho (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (22 / 27)
24 c l a s s S c i e n t i f i c B o a t ( Boat ) : A type o f Boat, which can t a k e sa mples def sample ( s e l f ) :... Luis Pedro Coelho (luis@luispedro.org) (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (23 / 27)
25 Lyskov Substitution Principle If D inherits from C, then you should be able to use D anywhere you previously used C. Luis Pedro Coelho (luis@luispedro.org) (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (24 / 27)
26 Behaves-Like If D inherits from C, then D should behave-like C. Luis Pedro Coelho (luis@luispedro.org) (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (25 / 27)
27 New-Style vs. Old-Style Classes c l a s s Boat ( o b j e c t ) :... Are we inheriting from object? Luis Pedro Coelho (luis@luispedro.org) (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (26 / 27)
28 Object Oriented Programming OOP Aggregation organise functions & data into classes. Encapsulation hide information inside methods. Polymorphism re-use code for multiple types. Inheritance re-use code from one class to build another. Luis Pedro Coelho (EMBL) Object Oriented Programming June 16, 2014 (27 / 27)
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