BCSE1002: Computer Programming and Problem Solving LAB MANUAL

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LABMANUAL BCSE1002: Computer Programming and Problem Solving LAB MANUAL L T P Course Type Semester Offered Academic Year 2018-2019 Slot

1 LABMANUAL BCSE1002: Computer Programming and Problem Solving LAB MANUAL L T P Course Type Semester Offered Academic Year Slot Class Room Faculty Details: Name Website link Designation School School of Computing Science and Engineering Cabin No Intercom Open Hours

2 List of Experiments 1 Write a C program to swap the two numbers. 2 Write a C program to find the roots of a quadratic equation. 3 Write a C program to compute the factorial of a given number. 4 Write a C program to find the series of prime numbers in the given range. 5 Write a C program to generate Fibonacci numbers in the given range. 6 Write a C program to check for number palindrome. 7 Write a C program to generate Pascal Triangle. Implement the following operations on matrices using C 8 a) Sum of Two Matrices b) Product of Two matrices c) Transpose of Matrix 9 Write a C program to find Factorial, GCD, fibonacci, towers of hanoi, sum of digits, base conversions, reversal of numbers. (Using recursion). Write a C program to implement all string operations(strlen(), strcpy(),, 10 strcmp(), strcat(), strrev(), strstr(), strchr()) without using standard string library functions. 11 Write a C program to find the student grade by using structures. 12 Write a C program to perform the operations addition, subtraction, multiplication of complex numbers using structures. 13 Write a C program to copy the file contents from one file to another file(pass file names as command line arguments).

3 Experiment: 1 Write a C program to swap the two numbers. AIM: To write a C Program to swap the two numbers. ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start step 2: read 'a' and 'b' value step 3: inter change the values temp=a a=b b=temp step 4: write a and b values. step 5:stop #include <stdio.h> int main() int a,b, temp; printf("enter the value of x and y \n"); scanf("%d %d", &a, &b); printf("before Swapping\n a = %d \n b = %d \n", a,b); temp = a; a = b; b = temp; printf("after Swapping\n a = %d \n b = %d \n", a,b); return 0;

4 Output of program: RESULT: Thus the C program for swapping two numbers was executed and output was obtained.

5 Experiment: 2 Write a C program to find the roots of a quadratic equation. AIM: To write a C Program to find the roots of a Quadratic equation. ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start Step 2: Read the variable a, b, c. Step 3: Compute d= b*b - 4*a*c. Step 4: Test the condition, d is greater than 0 using IF statement. Calculate: r1= (-b + sqrt(d)) / (2*a). Calculate: r2= (-b - sqrt(d)) / (2*a). Print the roots r1 and r2. Step 5: Else, test the condition, d is equal to 0 using IF statement. Calculate: r1=r2 = -b / (2*a). Print the roots r1 and r2. Step 6: Else, compute real and imaginary as Calculate: real = -b / (2*a). Calculate imag = sqrt(-d)/(2*a). Print the real and image. Step 7: Stop

6 #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> #include <conio.h> void main() float a, b, c, d, r1,r2, real, imag ; clrscr(); printf("\n TO FIND THE ROOTS OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION"); printf("\nenter the coefficients a, b and c: "); scanf("%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c); d=b*b-4*a*c; if (d>0) r1= (-b+sqrt(d))/(2*a); r2= (-b-sqrt(d))/(2*a); printf("roots are: %.2f and %.2f.They are real and distinct.", r1, r2); else if (d= = 0) r1 = r2 = -b/(2*a); printf("roots are: %.2f and %.2f. They are real and equal.", r1, r2); else real= -b/(2*a); getch(); imag= sqrt(-d)/(2*a); printf("roots are: %.2f+%.2fi and %.2f-%.2fi. They are complex.", real, imag, real, imag);

7 INPUT AND OUTPUT: RESULT: Thus the C program for finding roots of quadratic equation was executed and output was obtained.

8 Experiment: 3 FACTORIAL OF A NUMBER AIM: To write a program to calculate the factorial of the given number using functions. ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start the program Step2: Enter a number. Step 3: Set a loop to find the factorial of the given no using Fact=fact*i Step 4: Print the factorial of the given number. Step 5: Stop the program #include<stdio.h> void main() int fact=1,i,num; printf("enter the number"); scanf("%d",&num); for(i=1;i<=num;i++) fact=fact*i; printf("the factorial of %dis %d",num,fact); getch();

9 INPUT AND OUTPUT: RESULT: Thus the C program to calculate factorial of the given number using function is calculated successfully and verified.

10 Experiment: 4 PRIME NUMBERS AIM: Write a program to find the given number is prime or not. ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start the program Step2: Enter a number. Step 3: Divide the number with (1 to 2) Step 4: If number is divisible by any value (1 to 2) it is not prime Step 5: Else it is prime Step 6: Stop Program: #include <stdio.h> int main() int loop, n; int prime = 1; Scanf( Enter the Number : %d, &n); for(loop = 2; loop < n; loop++) if((number % loop) == 0) prime = 0; if (prime == 1) printf("%d is prime number.", number);

11 else printf("%d is not a prime number.", number); return 0; INPUT AND OUTPUT: Enter the Number : is prime number. RESULT: Thus the C program find the prime number to given number is successfully and verified.

12 Experiment: 5 FIBONACCI SERIES AIM: To write a C program to find the Fibonacci series of the given number. ALGORITHM: Step 1. Start the program Step 2. Enter the number. Step 3. Check the number whether the number is zero or not. If zero print zero value.if not zero go further. Step 4. Set a loop upto the given number. Step 5. Assign fib=fib+a; a=b; b=c; Step 6. Every increment in the loop prints the value of fib. Step 7. After the execution of the loop, stop the program. #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> Void main() int num,fib=0,a=0,b=1,i; clrscr(); printf("enter the number"); scanf("%d",&num); printf("fibbonaci SERIES\n"); if(num==0) printf("0"); else for(i=0;i<num;i++) fib=fib+a; a=b; b=fib; printf("%d\t",fib); getch();

13 INPUT AND OUTPUT RESULT: Thus the C program to find Fibonacci series of the given number was executed and verified successfully.

14 Experiment: 6 PALINDROME NUMBER AIM: To write a C program to find the Palindrome or not of the given number. #include <stdio.h> int main() int number, t, rev=0, rmndr; printf("please enter a number to check Palindrome : "); scanf("%d",&number); printf("\nentered number: %d", number); t = number; while (number > 0) rmndr = number%10; rev = rev*10 + rmndr; number = number/10; printf("\nreversed number: %d", rev); if(t == rev) printf("\nentered number %d is a palindrome", t); else printf("\nentered number %d is not a palindrome", t); return 0; INPUT AND OUTPUT Please enter a number to check Palindrome : 656 Entered number: 656 Reversed number: 656 Entered number 656 is a palindrome RESULT: Thus the C program find the palindrome number to given number is successfully and verified.

15 Experiment: 7 PASCAL TRIANGLE AIM: To write a C program to draw the Pascal Triangle. #include <stdio.h> long fact(int); int main() int n, i, j; printf("please enter number of rows you would like to see in pascal triangle\n"); scanf("%d",&n); printf("pascal Triangle pattern:\n"); for ( i = 0 ; i < n ; i++ ) for ( j = 0 ; j <= ( n - i - 2 ) ; j++ ) printf(" "); for( j = 0 ; j <= i ; j++ ) printf("%ld ",fact(i)/(fact(j)*fact(i-j))); printf("\n"); return 0; long fact(int n) int c; long result = 1; for( c = 1 ; c <= n ; c++ ) result = result*c; return ( result );

16 Input and Output: Please enter number of rows you would like to see in pascal triangle 6 Pascal Triangle pattern: RESULT: Thus the C program for pascal triangle is successfully display.

17 Experiment: 8 Sum of Two Matrix AIM: To write a C program to sum of two matrix. #include <stdio.h> int main() int r, c, a[100][100], b[100][100], sum[100][100], i, j; printf("enter number of rows (between 1 and 100): "); scanf("%d", &r); printf("enter number of columns (between 1 and 100): "); scanf("%d", &c); printf("\nenter elements of 1st matrix:\n"); for(i=0; i<r; ++i) for(j=0; j<c; ++j) printf("enter element a%d%d: ",i+1,j+1); scanf("%d",&a[i][j]); printf("enter elements of 2nd matrix:\n"); for(i=0; i<r; ++i) for(j=0; j<c; ++j) printf("enter element a%d%d: ",i+1, j+1); scanf("%d", &b[i][j]); // Adding Two matrices for(i=0;i<r;++i) for(j=0;j<c;++j)

18 sum[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j]; // Displaying the result printf("\nsum of two matrix is: \n\n"); for(i=0;i<r;++i) for(j=0;j<c;++j) printf("%d ",sum[i][j]); if(j==c-1) printf("\n\n"); return 0; Input and Output Enter number of rows (between 1 and 100): 2 Enter number of columns (between 1 and 100): 3 Enter elements of 1st matrix: Enter element a11: 2 Enter element a12: 3 Enter element a13: 4 Enter element a21: 5 Enter element a22: 2 Enter element a23: 3 Enter elements of 2nd matrix: Enter element a11: -4 Enter element a12: 5 Enter element a13: 3 Enter element a21: 5 Enter element a22: 6

19 Enter element a23: 3 Sum of two matrix is: RESULT: Thus the C program to sum of two matrix was successfully and verified. Experiment: 8a Product of Two Matrix

20 AIM: To write a C program to product of two matrix. #include <stdio.h> int main() int a[10][10], b[10][10], result[10][10], r1, c1, r2, c2, i, j, k; printf("enter rows and column for first matrix: "); scanf("%d %d", &r1, &c1); printf("enter rows and column for second matrix: "); scanf("%d %d",&r2, &c2); // Column of first matrix should be equal to column of second matrix and while (c1!= r2) printf("error! column of first matrix not equal to row of second.\n\n"); printf("enter rows and column for first matrix: "); scanf("%d %d", &r1, &c1); printf("enter rows and column for second matrix: "); scanf("%d %d",&r2, &c2); // Storing elements of first matrix. printf("\nenter elements of matrix 1:\n"); for(i=0; i<r1; ++i) for(j=0; j<c1; ++j) printf("enter elements a%d%d: ",i+1, j+1); scanf("%d", &a[i][j]); // Storing elements of second matrix.

21 printf("\nenter elements of matrix 2:\n"); for(i=0; i<r2; ++i) for(j=0; j<c2; ++j) printf("enter elements b%d%d: ",i+1, j+1); scanf("%d",&b[i][j]); // Initializing all elements of result matrix to 0 for(i=0; i<r1; ++i) for(j=0; j<c2; ++j) result[i][j] = 0; // Multiplying matrices a and b and // storing result in result matrix for(i=0; i<r1; ++i) for(j=0; j<c2; ++j) for(k=0; k<c1; ++k) result[i][j]+=a[i][k]*b[k][j]; // Displaying the result printf("\noutput Matrix:\n"); for(i=0; i<r1; ++i) for(j=0; j<c2; ++j) printf("%d ", result[i][j]); if(j == c2-1) printf("\n\n");

22 return 0; INPUT AND OUTPUT: Enter rows and column for first matrix: 3 2 Enter rows and column for second matrix: 3 2 Error! column of first matrix not equal to row of second. Enter rows and column for first matrix: 2 3 Enter rows and column for second matrix: 3 2 Enter elements of matrix 1: Enter elements a11: 3 Enter elements a12: -2 Enter elements a13: 5 Enter elements a21: 3 Enter elements a22: 0 Enter elements a23: 4 Enter elements of matrix 2: Enter elements b11: 2 Enter elements b12: 3 Enter elements b21: -9 Enter elements b22: 0 Enter elements b31: 0 Enter elements b32: 4 Output Matrix: RESULT: Thus the C program to product of two matrix was successfully and verified. Experiment: 8b Transpose of Matrix AIM: To write a C program to transpose of matrix.

23 #include <stdio.h> int main() int a[10][10], transpose[10][10], r, c, i, j; printf("enter rows and columns of matrix: "); scanf("%d %d", &r, &c); // Storing elements of the matrix printf("\nenter elements of matrix:\n"); for(i=0; i<r; ++i) for(j=0; j<c; ++j) printf("enter element a%d%d: ",i+1, j+1); scanf("%d", &a[i][j]); // Displaying the matrix a[][] */ printf("\nentered Matrix: \n"); for(i=0; i<r; ++i) for(j=0; j<c; ++j) printf("%d ", a[i][j]); if (j == c-1) printf("\n\n"); // Finding the transpose of matrix a for(i=0; i<r; ++i) for(j=0; j<c; ++j) transpose[j][i] = a[i][j];

24 // Displaying the transpose of matrix a printf("\ntranspose of Matrix:\n"); for(i=0; i<c; ++i) for(j=0; j<r; ++j) printf("%d ",transpose[i][j]); if(j==r-1) printf("\n\n"); return 0; Input and Output: Enter rows and columns of matrix: 2 3 Enter element of matrix: Enter element a11: 2 Enter element a12: 3 Enter element a13: 4 Enter element a21: 5 Enter element a22: 6 Enter element a23: 4 Entered Matrix: Transpose of Matrix:

25 RESULT: Thus the C program to transpose of matrix was successfully and verified. Experiment: 9 Fibonacci Series by using recursion AIM: To write a C program to display Fibonacci series by using recursion. #include<stdio.h> int Fibonacci(int); int main() int n, i = 0, c; scanf("%d",&n); printf("fibonacci series\n"); for ( c = 1 ; c <= n ; c++ ) printf("%d\n", Fibonacci(i)); i++; return 0;

26 int Fibonacci(int n) if ( n == 0 ) return 0; else if ( n == 1 ) return 1; else return ( Fibonacci(n-1) + Fibonacci(n-2) ); RESULT: Thus the C program for Fibonacci series with recursion was successfully and verified. Experiment: 9a. GCD by using recursion AIM: Write a C program to find the GCD of given two numbers. #include <stdio.h> int gcd(int, int); int main() int num1, num2; printf("enter two integers: "); scanf("%d%d", &num1, &num2); printf("the greatest common divisor of %d and %d is %d", num1, num2, gcd(num1, num2)); return 0; int gcd(int x, int y) if (x % y == 0)

27 return y; else return gcd(y, x % y); Input and Output: Enter two integers: The greatest common divisor of 18 and 84 is 6 RESULT: Thus the C program GCD with recursion was successfully and verified. Experiment: 9b. Towers of Hanoi by using recursion AIM: Write a C program to display the towers of Hanoi. /* C Program to Solve Towers of Hanoi Problem */ #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void hanoi(int, char, char, char); void main() int disks; char source, destination, aux; clrscr();

28 printf("\nenter No. of Disks:"); scanf("%d",&disks); printf("\nenter Source, Destination and Auxillary Disk Names:"); scanf("%s%s%s",source, destination, aux); hanoi(disks,source,destination,aux); getch(); void hanoi(int n, char s, char d, char a) if(n>0) hanoi(n-1,s,a,d); printf("\n%d is moved from %s to %s",n,s,d); hanoi(n-1,a,d,s); Output:

29 RESULT: Thus the C program display the towers of Hanoi with recursion was successfully run. Experiment: 9c. Towers of Hanoi by using recursion AIM: Write a C program to find the sum of digits. #include <stdio.h> int sumofdigits(int num);

30 int main() int num, sum; printf("enter any number to find sum of digits: "); scanf("%d", &num); sum = sumofdigits(num); printf("sum of digits of %d = %d", num, sum); return 0; int sumofdigits(int num) if(num == 0) return 0; return ((num % 10) + sumofdigits(num / 10)); Input and Output: Enter the number: 2345 Sum of digits in 2345 is 14 RESULT: Thus the C program in sum of digits with recursion was successfully run. Experiment: 9d. Basic conversion by using recursion AIM: Write a C program to find the basic conversion. #include <stdio.h>

31 int find(int decimal_number) if (decimal_number == 0) return 0; else return (decimal_number % * find(decimal_number / 2)); int main() int decimal_number; scanf( Enter the Decimal number = %d, &decimal_number); printf("%d", find(decimal_number)); return 0; Input and Output: Enter the Decimal number = RESULT: Thus the C program in sum of digits with recursion was successfully run. Experiment: 9d. reversal of numbers by using recursion AIM: Write a C program to find the reversal of numbers. #include<stdio.h>

32 int main() int num,reverse_number; //User would input the number printf("\nenter any number:"); scanf("%d",&num); //Calling user defined function to perform reverse reverse_number=reverse_function(num); printf("\nafter reverse the no is :%d",reverse_number); return 0; int sum=0,rem; reverse_function(int num) if(num) rem=num%10; sum=sum*10+rem; reverse_function(num/10); else return sum; return sum; Input and Output: Enter any number: After reverse the no is :65432 RESULT: Thus the C program in reversal of numbers with recursion was successfully run. Experiment: 10. AIM: String operations program Write a C program to implement all string operations(strlen(), strcpy(),, strcmp(), strcat(), strrev(), strstr(), strchr()) without using standard string library functions.

33 #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main () char str1[12] = "Hello"; char str2[12] = "World"; char str3[12]; int len ; /* copy str1 into str3 */ strcpy(str3, str1); printf("strcpy( str3, str1) : %s\n", str3 ); /* concatenates str1 and str2 */ strcat( str1, str2); printf("strcat( str1, str2): %s\n", str1 ); /* total lenghth of str1 after concatenation */ len = strlen(str1); printf("strlen(str1) : %d\n", len ); return 0; Input and Output: strcpy( str3, str1) : Hello strcat( str1, str2): HelloWorld strlen(str1) : 10 Result: Thus the String operations in C program was successfully run. Experiment: 11. String operations program AIM: Write a C program to find the student grade by using structures. #include <stdio.h>

34 struct student char name[50]; int roll; float marks; s[10]; int main() int i; printf("enter information of students:\n"); // storing information for(i=0; i<10; ++i) s[i].roll = i+1; printf("\nfor roll number%d,\n",s[i].roll); printf("enter name: "); scanf("%s",s[i].name); printf("enter marks: "); scanf("%f",&s[i].marks); printf("\n"); printf("displaying Information:\n\n"); // displaying information for(i=0; i<10; ++i) printf("\nroll number: %d\n",i+1); printf("name: "); puts(s[i].name); printf("marks: %.1f",s[i].marks); printf("\n"); return 0; Input and Output: Enter information of students: For roll number1, Enter name: Tom Enter marks: 98

35 Displaying Information: Roll number: 1 Name: Tom Marks: 98 Result: Thus the student details with structures in C program was successfully run. Experiment: 12. AIM: Arithmetic operation with structures Write a C program to perform the operations addition, subtraction, multiplication of complex numbers using structures. #include <stdio.h> typedef struct complex

36 float real; float imag; complex; complex add(complex n1,complex n2); int main() complex n1, n2, temp; printf("for 1st complex number \n"); printf("enter real and imaginary part respectively:\n"); scanf("%f %f", &n1.real, &n1.imag); printf("\nfor 2nd complex number \n"); printf("enter real and imaginary part respectively:\n"); scanf("%f %f", &n2.real, &n2.imag); temp = add(n1, n2); printf("sum = %.1f + %.1fi", temp.real, temp.imag); return 0; complex add(complex n1, complex n2) complex temp; temp.real = n1.real + n2.real; temp.imag = n1.imag + n2.imag; return(temp); Input and Output: For 1st complex number Enter real and imaginary part respectively: For 2nd complex number

37 Enter real and imaginary part respectively: Sum = i Result: Thus the complex numbers with arithmetic operations in c program with structures was successfully run. Experiment: 13. AIM : Arithmetic operation with structures Write a C program to copy the file contents from one file to another file(pass file names as command line argument). #include <stdio.h> #include <conio.h>

38 void main() FILE *f1, *f2; char c; clrscr(); printf( Enter the data to the file1.txt file \n ); f1 = fopen( file1.txt, w ); while((c = getchar())!= EOF) putc(c, f1); fclose(f1); f2 = fopen( file2.txt, w ); f1 = fopen( file1.txt, r ); while((c = getc(f1))!= EOF) putc(c,f2); fclose(f1); fclose(f2); printf( after copying the data in file2.txt file is \n ); f2 = fopen( file2.txt, r ); while((c = getc(f2))!= EOF) printf( %c, c); fclose(f2); getch(); Input and Output: Enter the data to the file1.txt file STUDENT BOX OFFICE.IN After copying the data in file2.txt file is STUDENT BOX OFFICE.IN

39 Result: Thus the copy the file contents from one file to another file(pass file names as command line argument) was successfully run.

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