Chapter 2: Overview of C. Problem Solving & Program Design in C

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Chapter 2: Overview of C. Problem Solving & Program Design in C"

Transcription

1 Chapter 2: Overview of C Problem Solving & Program Design in C Addison Wesley is an imprint of

2 Why Learn C? Compact, fast, and powerful High-level Language Standard for program development (wide acceptance) It is everywhere! (portable) Supports modular programming style Useful for all applications C is the native language of UNIX Easy to interface with system devices/assembly routines C is terse

3 C Language Elements in Miles-to-Kilometers Conversion Program

4 Preprocessor directives Begins with # symbol Provides an instruction to the C preprocessor. Preprocessor modifies the text of C program before compilation. In the example there are two # include # define

5 library A collection of useful functions and symbols that may be accessed by the program Each library has a standard header file ending with.h symbol. The ANSI(American National Standards Institute)-C standard requires that collection of standard libraries be provided in every ANSI C implementation. Number of operation available may be expanded by supplyin additional libraries An individual programmer may create his own libraries <stdio.h>

6 Header file examples #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <math.h> #include mylib.h (user defined) #include <stdio.h> /* printf, scanf definitions */ Some names used in the program are found in the standard header file

7 #define Other directive #define KMS_PER_MILE Replace each occurrence of KMS_PER_MILE by Note that only data values that never change should be given names using a #define. Using such constants makes easier to understand the statements #define PI #define GRAV_ACC

8 Comments The text in the example starts with /* and end with */ is called a comment. Comments provide information making it easier for us to understand the program. Comment lines are non-executable statements, i.e. they are ignored during compilation and execution of the program

9 Function main() int type of function main(void) function takes no value { beginning of the function body Function body } end of the function body Function body has two main parts Type declerations Executable statements

10 Function main() #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { printf( Hello world \n ); return (0); }

11 Reserved keywords Keywords auto double int struct break else long switch case enum register typedef char extern return union const float short unsigned continue for signed void default goto sizeof volatile do if static while C s reserved keywords

12 User defined identifiers in C programs we choose our own identifiers to name memory cells that will data and program results. (KMS_PER_MILE) rules for choosing identifiers 1. consist of only letters digits and underscore 2. cannot begin with a digit 3. a reserved word cannot be used as an identifier 4. do not use too long identifier names

13 User defined identifiers valid identifiers: letter_1, inches, x1, VAR, COUNTER invalid identifiers: 1letter,my count, two+four, ali s (be careful when using turkish letters) Note also that C is a case sensitive language all the following names corresponds to a different identifier name hello, Hello, HELLO for a good programming style you may prefer to use longer names with underscore; x_coord, arithmetic_mean, sum_avg etc

14 Variable Declarations syntax; int variable_list; double variable_list; char variable_list; examples: int count,large; double x,y,z; char ans; or int count, large; double x; double y; double z; char ans;

15 Data types int double char stands for integer numbers stands for real numbers stands for character symbols (letters, digits, symbols etc) int: represents integer numbers between and double: represents real numbers contains integers as well, larger values. they may be represented in scientific notation like e5 or E , , 15.0e-04, 12e+5 valid double constants 150, 0.123e, 15e-0.3, 34,99 invalid constants char: a letter, a digit or a symbol enclosed in a apostrophe A, 1, :,, performing arithmetic operations is possible with character data type (take care)

16 Executable statements they follow the declarations statements this part has been translated into the machine language back to the example Assignment statements kms=kms_per_mile*miles; the expression in LHS is firstly calculated and then result is assigned to RHS variable, therefore it is NOT AN EQUALITY expression

17 C Language Elements in Miles-to-Kilometers Conversion Program

18 Memory(a) Before and (b) After Execution of a Program

19 Effect of kms = KMS_PER_MILE * miles;

20 Effect of sum = sum + item;

21 Input/Output Operations and Functions data can be stored in memory in two ways by assignment by using a function like scanf input /output operations are performed by special functions supplied by directive #include <stdio.h>

22 printf function syntax: printf(format string,print list) printf( that equals %f kilometers. \n,kms) char string result: format placeholder that equals kilometers print variable list

23 printf function format placeholders (specifiers)

24 printf function Example: Assume letter_1, letter_2, letter_3 are char variables and age is an int type data printf( Hi %c%c%c your age is %d \n, letter_1, letter_2, letter_3, age) Hi ABC your age is 10 will be printed on screen where letter_1= A letter_2= B letter_3= C, age =

25 scanf function syntax: scanf(format string,input list) Generally user is prompted by a printf function to tell user what to do before a scanf function example printf( Enter the first number ); scanf( %lf,&num1); & ampersand symbol is the C address of operator. Do not forget to use & in scanf. after entering data user can press <enter> to process data

26 Effect of scanf("%lf", &miles);

27 Scanning Data Line Bob scanf( %c%c%c,letter_1,letter_2,letter_3);

28 return (0); transfer control from program to the operating system the value in parenthesis is considered the result of the main function s execution. indicates the program is executed without error

29 General Form of a C Program

30 General Form of a C Program you can use blank spaces between the statements more than one statement on a line may be written but it is better to use one statement per line for readability of the program use comments at the beginning of the program and for a good programming style it is a good practice to add name of programmer a brief description about aim of the program

31 2.5 Arithmetic Expressions Arithmetic operators: C operation Arithmetic operator Algebraic expression Addition + f + 7 f + 7 Subtraction - p c p - c Multiplication * bm b * m Division / x / y x / y Modulus % r mod s r % s Rules of operator precedence: Operator(s) Operation(s) Order of evaluation (precedence) C expression () Parentheses Evaluated first. If the parentheses are nested, the expression in the innermost pair is evaluated first. If there are several pairs of parentheses on the same level (i.e., not nested), they are evaluated left to right. *, /, or % Multiplication,Div Evaluated second. If there are several, they are ision, Modulus evaluated left to right. + or - Addition Subtraction Evaluated last. If there are several, they are evaluated left to right

32 Evaluation Tree for area = PI * radius * radius;

33 Step-by-Step Expression Evaluation

34 Equality and Relational Operators Step 1. y = 2 * 5 * * 5 + 7; 2 * 5 is 10 (Leftm ost multip lic ation) Step 2. y = 10 * * 5 + 7; 10 * 5 is 50 (Leftm ost multip lic ation) Step 3. y = * 5 + 7; 3 * 5 is 15 (Multip lic ation before ad dition) Step 4. y = ; is 65 (Leftm ost ad dition) Step 5. y = ; is 72 (Last a dd ition) Step 6. y = 72; (Last op era tio n p la ce 72 in y)

35 Evaluation Tree and Evaluation for v = (p2 - p1) / (t2 - t1);

36 Evaluation Tree and Evaluation for z - (a + b / 2) + w * -y

37 Notes on / and % operators when two positive integers are divided integral part of the result is the result. 7.0/2.0=3.5 but 7/2 = 3, ½ = 0, 0 / 4=0, 4/0 = undefined x % y means the remainder of x /y. x=(x/y)*y+(x%y) 7=(7/2)*2+(7%2)!!! 3%5=3, 7%5=2 mixed type expressions: var1 operator var2, result is integer if both var1 and var2 are integers otherwise result is double

38 Notes on / and % operators example: given m and n are integers and x,y and p are double m=3; n=2; p=2.0; x=m/p; y=m/n; m=3, n=2, p=2.0, x=1.5, y=

39 type conversion a type of an expression may be converted to another type by placing the desired type in parenthesis in front of the expression example int x,y; double z; z=(double) x / (double) y;

40 writing mathematical formulas in C

Chapter 2 - Introduction to C Programming

Chapter 2 - Introduction to C Programming Chapter 2 - Introduction to C Programming 2 Outline 2.1 Introduction 2.2 A Simple C Program: Printing a Line of Text 2.3 Another Simple C Program: Adding Two Integers 2.4 Memory Concepts 2.5 Arithmetic

More information

Introduction to C Programming. Chih-Wei Tang ( 唐之瑋 ) Department of Communication Engineering National Central University JhongLi, Taiwan

Introduction to C Programming. Chih-Wei Tang ( 唐之瑋 ) Department of Communication Engineering National Central University JhongLi, Taiwan Introduction to C Programming Chih-Wei Tang ( 唐之瑋 ) Department of Communication Engineering National Central University JhongLi, Taiwan Outline Printing texts Adding 2 integers Comparing 2 integers C.E.,

More information

SEQUENTIAL STRUCTURE. Erkut ERDEM Hacettepe University October 2010

SEQUENTIAL STRUCTURE. Erkut ERDEM Hacettepe University October 2010 SEQUENTIAL STRUCTURE Erkut ERDEM Hacettepe University October 2010 History of C C Developed by by Denis M. Ritchie at AT&T Bell Labs from two previous programming languages, BCPL and B Used to develop

More information

C: How to Program. Week /Mar/05

C: How to Program. Week /Mar/05 1 C: How to Program Week 2 2007/Mar/05 Chapter 2 - Introduction to C Programming 2 Outline 2.1 Introduction 2.2 A Simple C Program: Printing a Line of Text 2.3 Another Simple C Program: Adding Two Integers

More information

Introduction to Computing Lecture 01: Introduction to C

Introduction to Computing Lecture 01: Introduction to C Introduction to Computing Lecture 01: Introduction to C Assist.Prof.Dr. Nükhet ÖZBEK Ege University Department of Electrical&Electronics Engineering ozbek.nukhet@gmail.com Topics Introduction to C language

More information

ET156 Introduction to C Programming

ET156 Introduction to C Programming ET156 Introduction to C Programming g Unit 22 C Language Elements, Input/output functions, ARITHMETIC EXPRESSIONS AND LIBRARY FUNCTIONS Instructor : Stan Kong Email : skong@itt tech.edutech.edu General

More information

Data types, variables, constants

Data types, variables, constants Data types, variables, constants Outline 2.1 Introduction 2.2 A Simple C Program: Printing a Line of Text 2.3 Another Simple C Program: Adding Two Integers 2.4 Memory Concepts 2.5 Arithmetic in C 2.6 Decision

More information

Programming. C++ Basics

Programming. C++ Basics Programming C++ Basics Introduction to C++ C is a programming language developed in the 1970s with the UNIX operating system C programs are efficient and portable across different hardware platforms C++

More information

2/29/2016. Definition: Computer Program. A simple model of the computer. Example: Computer Program. Data types, variables, constants

2/29/2016. Definition: Computer Program. A simple model of the computer. Example: Computer Program. Data types, variables, constants Data types, variables, constants Outline.1 Introduction. Text.3 Memory Concepts.4 Naming Convention of Variables.5 Arithmetic in C.6 Type Conversion Definition: Computer Program A Computer program is a

More information

Variables Data types Variable I/O. C introduction. Variables. Variables 1 / 14

Variables Data types Variable I/O. C introduction. Variables. Variables 1 / 14 C introduction Variables Variables 1 / 14 Contents Variables Data types Variable I/O Variables 2 / 14 Usage Declaration: t y p e i d e n t i f i e r ; Assignment: i d e n t i f i e r = v a l u e ; Definition

More information

Chapter 1 & 2 Introduction to C Language

Chapter 1 & 2 Introduction to C Language 1 Chapter 1 & 2 Introduction to C Language Copyright 2007 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson Education Inc. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 1 & 2 - Introduction to C Language 2 Outline 1.1 The History

More information

.. Cal Poly CPE 101: Fundamentals of Computer Science I Alexander Dekhtyar..

.. Cal Poly CPE 101: Fundamentals of Computer Science I Alexander Dekhtyar.. .. Cal Poly CPE 101: Fundamentals of Computer Science I Alexander Dekhtyar.. A Simple Program. simple.c: Basics of C /* CPE 101 Fall 2008 */ /* Alex Dekhtyar */ /* A simple program */ /* This is a comment!

More information

ANSI C Programming Simple Programs

ANSI C Programming Simple Programs ANSI C Programming Simple Programs /* This program computes the distance between two points */ #include #include #include main() { /* Declare and initialize variables */ double

More information

Laboratory 2: Programming Basics and Variables. Lecture notes: 1. A quick review of hello_comment.c 2. Some useful information

Laboratory 2: Programming Basics and Variables. Lecture notes: 1. A quick review of hello_comment.c 2. Some useful information Laboratory 2: Programming Basics and Variables Lecture notes: 1. A quick review of hello_comment.c 2. Some useful information 3. Comment: a. name your program with extension.c b. use o option to specify

More information

Programming and Data Structures

Programming and Data Structures Programming and Data Structures Teacher: Sudeshna Sarkar sudeshna@cse.iitkgp.ernet.in Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur #include int main()

More information

ET156 Introduction to C Programming

ET156 Introduction to C Programming ET156 Introduction to C Programming Unit 1 INTRODUCTION TO C PROGRAMMING: THE C COMPILER, VARIABLES, MEMORY, INPUT, AND OUTPUT Instructor : Stan Kong Email : skong@itt tech.edutech.edu Figure 1.3 Components

More information

Data Types and Variables in C language

Data Types and Variables in C language Data Types and Variables in C language Basic structure of C programming To write a C program, we first create functions and then put them together. A C program may contain one or more sections. They are

More information

LESSON 1. A C program is constructed as a sequence of characters. Among the characters that can be used in a program are:

LESSON 1. A C program is constructed as a sequence of characters. Among the characters that can be used in a program are: LESSON 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF C The purpose of this lesson is to explain the fundamental elements of the C programming language. C like other languages has all alphabet and rules for putting together words

More information

Programming Fundamentals (CS 302 ) Dr. Ihsan Ullah. Lecturer Department of Computer Science & IT University of Balochistan

Programming Fundamentals (CS 302 ) Dr. Ihsan Ullah. Lecturer Department of Computer Science & IT University of Balochistan Programming Fundamentals (CS 302 ) Dr. Ihsan Ullah Lecturer Department of Computer Science & IT University of Balochistan 1 Outline p Introduction p Program development p C language and beginning with

More information

A Fast Review of C Essentials Part I

A Fast Review of C Essentials Part I A Fast Review of C Essentials Part I Structural Programming by Z. Cihan TAYSI Outline Program development C Essentials Functions Variables & constants Names Formatting Comments Preprocessor Data types

More information

C Language, Token, Keywords, Constant, variable

C Language, Token, Keywords, Constant, variable C Language, Token, Keywords, Constant, variable A language written by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie. This was to be the language that UNIX was written in to become the first "portable" language. C

More information

Features of C. Portable Procedural / Modular Structured Language Statically typed Middle level language

Features of C. Portable Procedural / Modular Structured Language Statically typed Middle level language 1 History C is a general-purpose, high-level language that was originally developed by Dennis M. Ritchie to develop the UNIX operating system at Bell Labs. C was originally first implemented on the DEC

More information

Fundamentals of Programming

Fundamentals of Programming Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 3 - Constants, Variables, Data Types, And Operations Lecturer : Ebrahim Jahandar Borrowed from lecturer notes by Omid Jafarinezhad Outline C Program Data types Variables

More information

DEPARTMENT OF MATHS, MJ COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF MATHS, MJ COLLEGE T. Y. B.Sc. Mathematics MTH- 356 (A) : Programming in C Unit 1 : Basic Concepts Syllabus : Introduction, Character set, C token, Keywords, Constants, Variables, Data types, Symbolic constants, Over flow,

More information

Fundamental of Programming (C)

Fundamental of Programming (C) Borrowed from lecturer notes by Omid Jafarinezhad Fundamental of Programming (C) Lecturer: Vahid Khodabakhshi Lecture 3 Constants, Variables, Data Types, And Operations Department of Computer Engineering

More information

C Fundamentals & Formatted Input/Output. adopted from KNK C Programming : A Modern Approach

C Fundamentals & Formatted Input/Output. adopted from KNK C Programming : A Modern Approach C Fundamentals & Formatted Input/Output adopted from KNK C Programming : A Modern Approach C Fundamentals 2 Program: Printing a Pun The file name doesn t matter, but the.c extension is often required.

More information

6.096 Introduction to C++ January (IAP) 2009

6.096 Introduction to C++ January (IAP) 2009 MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 6.096 Introduction to C++ January (IAP) 2009 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Welcome to 6.096 Lecture

More information

Computer Science & Information Technology (CS) Rank under AIR 100. Examination Oriented Theory, Practice Set Key concepts, Analysis & Summary

Computer Science & Information Technology (CS) Rank under AIR 100. Examination Oriented Theory, Practice Set Key concepts, Analysis & Summary GATE- 2016-17 Postal Correspondence 1 C-Programming Computer Science & Information Technology (CS) 20 Rank under AIR 100 Postal Correspondence Examination Oriented Theory, Practice Set Key concepts, Analysis

More information

Variables in C. Variables in C. What Are Variables in C? CMSC 104, Fall 2012 John Y. Park

Variables in C. Variables in C. What Are Variables in C? CMSC 104, Fall 2012 John Y. Park Variables in C CMSC 104, Fall 2012 John Y. Park 1 Variables in C Topics Naming Variables Declaring Variables Using Variables The Assignment Statement 2 What Are Variables in C? Variables in C have the

More information

Chapter 2: Introduction to C++

Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright Publishing as 2010 Pearson Pearson Addison-Wesley Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 2.1 Parts of a C++

More information

Programming for Engineers Introduction to C

Programming for Engineers Introduction to C Programming for Engineers Introduction to C ICEN 200 Spring 2018 Prof. Dola Saha 1 Simple Program 2 Comments // Fig. 2.1: fig02_01.c // A first program in C begin with //, indicating that these two lines

More information

Chapter 2: Special Characters. Parts of a C++ Program. Introduction to C++ Displays output on the computer screen

Chapter 2: Special Characters. Parts of a C++ Program. Introduction to C++ Displays output on the computer screen Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ 2.1 Parts of a C++ Program Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright 2009 Publishing Pearson as Pearson Education, Addison-Wesley Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

More information

CMSC 104 -Lecture 5 John Y. Park, adapted by C Grasso

CMSC 104 -Lecture 5 John Y. Park, adapted by C Grasso CMSC 104 -Lecture 5 John Y. Park, adapted by C Grasso 1 Topics Naming Variables Declaring Variables Using Variables The Assignment Statement 2 a + b Variables are notthe same thing as variables in algebra.

More information

Fundamental Data Types. CSE 130: Introduction to Programming in C Stony Brook University

Fundamental Data Types. CSE 130: Introduction to Programming in C Stony Brook University Fundamental Data Types CSE 130: Introduction to Programming in C Stony Brook University Program Organization in C The C System C consists of several parts: The C language The preprocessor The compiler

More information

Creating a C++ Program

Creating a C++ Program Program A computer program (also software, or just a program) is a sequence of instructions written in a sequence to perform a specified task with a computer. 1 Creating a C++ Program created using an

More information

UNIT - I. Introduction to C Programming. BY A. Vijay Bharath

UNIT - I. Introduction to C Programming. BY A. Vijay Bharath UNIT - I Introduction to C Programming Introduction to C C was originally developed in the year 1970s by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories, Inc. C is a general-purpose programming language. It has been

More information

CC112 Structured Programming

CC112 Structured Programming Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport College of Engineering and Technology Computer Engineering Department CC112 Structured Programming Lecture 3 1 LECTURE 3 Input / output operations

More information

COP 3275: Chapter 02. Jonathan C.L. Liu, Ph.D. CISE Department University of Florida, USA

COP 3275: Chapter 02. Jonathan C.L. Liu, Ph.D. CISE Department University of Florida, USA COP 3275: Chapter 02 Jonathan C.L. Liu, Ph.D. CISE Department University of Florida, USA Program: Printing a Pun #include int main(void) { printf("to C, or not to C: that is the question.\n");

More information

2.1. Chapter 2: Parts of a C++ Program. Parts of a C++ Program. Introduction to C++ Parts of a C++ Program

2.1. Chapter 2: Parts of a C++ Program. Parts of a C++ Program. Introduction to C++ Parts of a C++ Program Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ 2.1 Parts of a C++ Program Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 2-1 Parts of a C++ Program Parts of a C++ Program // sample C++ program

More information

BLM2031 Structured Programming. Zeyneb KURT

BLM2031 Structured Programming. Zeyneb KURT BLM2031 Structured Programming Zeyneb KURT 1 Contact Contact info office : D-219 e-mail zeynebkurt@gmail.com, zeyneb@ce.yildiz.edu.tr When to contact e-mail first, take an appointment What to expect help

More information

Reserved Words and Identifiers

Reserved Words and Identifiers 1 Programming in C Reserved Words and Identifiers Reserved word Word that has a specific meaning in C Ex: int, return Identifier Word used to name and refer to a data element or object manipulated by the

More information

Full file at C How to Program, 6/e Multiple Choice Test Bank

Full file at   C How to Program, 6/e Multiple Choice Test Bank 2.1 Introduction 2.2 A Simple Program: Printing a Line of Text 2.1 Lines beginning with let the computer know that the rest of the line is a comment. (a) /* (b) ** (c) REM (d)

More information

Presented By : Gaurav Juneja

Presented By : Gaurav Juneja Presented By : Gaurav Juneja Introduction C is a general purpose language which is very closely associated with UNIX for which it was developed in Bell Laboratories. Most of the programs of UNIX are written

More information

Character Set. The character set of C represents alphabet, digit or any symbol used to represent information. Digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 9

Character Set. The character set of C represents alphabet, digit or any symbol used to represent information. Digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 9 Character Set The character set of C represents alphabet, digit or any symbol used to represent information. Types Uppercase Alphabets Lowercase Alphabets Character Set A, B, C, Y, Z a, b, c, y, z Digits

More information

Syntax and Variables

Syntax and Variables Syntax and Variables What the Compiler needs to understand your program, and managing data 1 Pre-Processing Any line that starts with # is a pre-processor directive Pre-processor consumes that entire line

More information

Recap. ANSI C Reserved Words C++ Multimedia Programming Lecture 2. Erwin M. Bakker Joachim Rijsdam

Recap. ANSI C Reserved Words C++ Multimedia Programming Lecture 2. Erwin M. Bakker Joachim Rijsdam Multimedia Programming 2004 Lecture 2 Erwin M. Bakker Joachim Rijsdam Recap Learning C++ by example No groups: everybody should experience developing and programming in C++! Assignments will determine

More information

2. Numbers In, Numbers Out

2. Numbers In, Numbers Out COMP1917: Computing 1 2. Numbers In, Numbers Out Reading: Moffat, Chapter 2. COMP1917 15s2 2. Numbers In, Numbers Out 1 The Art of Programming Think about the problem Write down a proposed solution Break

More information

CMPE-013/L. Introduction to C Programming

CMPE-013/L. Introduction to C Programming CMPE-013/L Introduction to C Programming Bryant Wenborg Mairs Spring 2014 What we will cover in 13/L Embedded C on a microcontroller Specific issues with microcontrollers Peripheral usage Reading documentation

More information

C++ Basic Elements of COMPUTER PROGRAMMING. Special symbols include: Word symbols. Objectives. Programming. Symbols. Symbols.

C++ Basic Elements of COMPUTER PROGRAMMING. Special symbols include: Word symbols. Objectives. Programming. Symbols. Symbols. EEE-117 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING Basic Elements of C++ Objectives General Questions Become familiar with the basic components of a C++ program functions, special symbols, and identifiers Data types Arithmetic

More information

Introduction to C# Applications

Introduction to C# Applications 1 2 3 Introduction to C# Applications OBJECTIVES To write simple C# applications To write statements that input and output data to the screen. To declare and use data of various types. To write decision-making

More information

H.O.#2 Fall 2015 Gary Chan. Overview of C++ Programming

H.O.#2 Fall 2015 Gary Chan. Overview of C++ Programming H.O.#2 Fall 2015 Gary Chan Overview of C++ Programming Topics C++ as a problem-solving tool Introduction to C++ General syntax Variable declarations and definitions Assignments Arithmetic operators COMP2012H

More information

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM BASIC ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM CSC128 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING LOGO Contents 1 Identifier 2 3 Rules for naming and declaring data variables Basic data types 4 Arithmetic operators

More information

UNIT- 3 Introduction to C++

UNIT- 3 Introduction to C++ UNIT- 3 Introduction to C++ C++ Character Sets: Letters A-Z, a-z Digits 0-9 Special Symbols Space + - * / ^ \ ( ) [ ] =!= . $, ; : %! &? _ # = @ White Spaces Blank spaces, horizontal tab, carriage

More information

Computer Programming CS F111

Computer Programming CS F111 Computer Programming CS F111 BITS Pilani Dubai Campus NAND KUMAR Basics of C Programming BITS Pilani Dubai Campus Write a program that 1. Asks 5 marks from the user, find the average of the marks and print

More information

CSc 10200! Introduction to Computing. Lecture 2-3 Edgardo Molina Fall 2013 City College of New York

CSc 10200! Introduction to Computing. Lecture 2-3 Edgardo Molina Fall 2013 City College of New York CSc 10200! Introduction to Computing Lecture 2-3 Edgardo Molina Fall 2013 City College of New York 1 C++ for Engineers and Scientists Third Edition Chapter 2 Problem Solving Using C++ 2 Objectives In this

More information

C OVERVIEW. C Overview. Goals speed portability allow access to features of the architecture speed

C OVERVIEW. C Overview. Goals speed portability allow access to features of the architecture speed C Overview C OVERVIEW Goals speed portability allow access to features of the architecture speed C fast executables allows high-level structure without losing access to machine features many popular languages

More information

Variables in C. CMSC 104, Spring 2014 Christopher S. Marron. (thanks to John Park for slides) Tuesday, February 18, 14

Variables in C. CMSC 104, Spring 2014 Christopher S. Marron. (thanks to John Park for slides) Tuesday, February 18, 14 Variables in C CMSC 104, Spring 2014 Christopher S. Marron (thanks to John Park for slides) 1 Variables in C Topics Naming Variables Declaring Variables Using Variables The Assignment Statement 2 What

More information

BBM 101 Introduc/on to Programming I Fall 2014, Lecture 3. Aykut Erdem, Erkut Erdem, Fuat Akal

BBM 101 Introduc/on to Programming I Fall 2014, Lecture 3. Aykut Erdem, Erkut Erdem, Fuat Akal BBM 101 Introduc/on to Programming I Fall 2014, Lecture 3 Aykut Erdem, Erkut Erdem, Fuat Akal 1 Today Introduc/on to Programming Basic Concepts Developing Algorithms Crea

More information

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Third Edition

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Third Edition C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Third Edition Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Objectives (continued) Become familiar with the use of increment and decrement operators Examine

More information

2. Numbers In, Numbers Out

2. Numbers In, Numbers Out REGZ9280: Global Education Short Course - Engineering 2. Numbers In, Numbers Out Reading: Moffat, Chapter 2. REGZ9280 14s2 2. Numbers In, Numbers Out 1 The Art of Programming Think about the problem Write

More information

Data Type Fall 2014 Jinkyu Jeong

Data Type Fall 2014 Jinkyu Jeong Data Type Fall 2014 Jinkyu Jeong (jinkyu@skku.edu) 1 Syntax Rules Recap. keywords break double if sizeof void case else int static... Identifiers not#me scanf 123th printf _id so_am_i gedd007 Constants

More information

Week 2 Introduction to Computer and Algorithm (Part 2)

Week 2 Introduction to Computer and Algorithm (Part 2) Week 2 Introduction to Computer and Algorithm (Part 2) UniMAP Sem II-11/12 DKT121 1 Outline Pseudo code & flowchart Sample programming question Sample C program Identifiers and reserved words Program comments

More information

Informática Ingeniería en Electrónica y Automática Industrial

Informática Ingeniería en Electrónica y Automática Industrial Informática Ingeniería en Electrónica y Automática Industrial Introduction to C programming language V1.1 Alvaro Perales Eceiza Introduction to C programming language Introduction Main features Functions

More information

INTRODUCTION 1 AND REVIEW

INTRODUCTION 1 AND REVIEW INTRODUTION 1 AND REVIEW hapter SYS-ED/ OMPUTER EDUATION TEHNIQUES, IN. Programming: Advanced Objectives You will learn: Program structure. Program statements. Datatypes. Pointers. Arrays. Structures.

More information

c) Comments do not cause any machine language object code to be generated. d) Lengthy comments can cause poor execution-time performance.

c) Comments do not cause any machine language object code to be generated. d) Lengthy comments can cause poor execution-time performance. 2.1 Introduction (No questions.) 2.2 A Simple Program: Printing a Line of Text 2.1 Which of the following must every C program have? (a) main (b) #include (c) /* (d) 2.2 Every statement in C

More information

C OVERVIEW BASIC C PROGRAM STRUCTURE. C Overview. Basic C Program Structure

C OVERVIEW BASIC C PROGRAM STRUCTURE. C Overview. Basic C Program Structure C Overview Basic C Program Structure C OVERVIEW BASIC C PROGRAM STRUCTURE Goals The function main( )is found in every C program and is where every C program begins speed execution portability C uses braces

More information

Binghamton University. CS-211 Fall Syntax. What the Compiler needs to understand your program

Binghamton University. CS-211 Fall Syntax. What the Compiler needs to understand your program Syntax What the Compiler needs to understand your program 1 Pre-Processing Any line that starts with # is a pre-processor directive Pre-processor consumes that entire line Possibly replacing it with other

More information

Chapter 2: Overview of C++

Chapter 2: Overview of C++ Chapter 2: Overview of C++ Problem Solving, Abstraction, and Design using C++ 6e by Frank L. Friedman and Elliot B. Koffman C++ Background Introduced by Bjarne Stroustrup of AT&T s Bell Laboratories in

More information

Fundamentals of C. Structure of a C Program

Fundamentals of C. Structure of a C Program Fundamentals of C Structure of a C Program 1 Our First Simple Program Comments - Different Modes 2 Comments - Rules Preprocessor Directives Preprocessor directives start with # e.g. #include copies a file

More information

Procedures, Parameters, Values and Variables. Steven R. Bagley

Procedures, Parameters, Values and Variables. Steven R. Bagley Procedures, Parameters, Values and Variables Steven R. Bagley Recap A Program is a sequence of statements (instructions) Statements executed one-by-one in order Unless it is changed by the programmer e.g.

More information

C Programming a Q & A Approach

C Programming a Q & A Approach C Programming a Q & A Approach by H.H. Tan, T.B. D Orazio, S.H. Or & Marian M.Y. Choy Chapter 2 Variables, Arithmetic Expressions and Input/Output 2.1 Variables: Naming, Declaring, Assigning and Printing

More information

Lesson 3 Introduction to Programming in C

Lesson 3 Introduction to Programming in C jgromero@inf.uc3m.es Lesson 3 Introduction to Programming in C Programming Grade in Industrial Technology Engineering This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual

More information

XSEDE Scholars Program Introduction to C Programming. John Lockman III June 7 th, 2012

XSEDE Scholars Program Introduction to C Programming. John Lockman III June 7 th, 2012 XSEDE Scholars Program Introduction to C Programming John Lockman III June 7 th, 2012 Homework 1 Problem 1 Find the error in the following code #include int main(){ } printf(find the error!\n");

More information

Variables and Operators 2/20/01 Lecture #

Variables and Operators 2/20/01 Lecture # Variables and Operators 2/20/01 Lecture #6 16.070 Variables, their characteristics and their uses Operators, their characteristics and their uses Fesq, 2/20/01 1 16.070 Variables Variables enable you to

More information

The component base of C language. Nguyễn Dũng Faculty of IT Hue College of Science

The component base of C language. Nguyễn Dũng Faculty of IT Hue College of Science The component base of C language Nguyễn Dũng Faculty of IT Hue College of Science Content A brief history of C Standard of C Characteristics of C The C compilation model Character set and keyword Data

More information

Writing an ANSI C Program Getting Ready to Program A First Program Variables, Expressions, and Assignments Initialization The Use of #define and

Writing an ANSI C Program Getting Ready to Program A First Program Variables, Expressions, and Assignments Initialization The Use of #define and Writing an ANSI C Program Getting Ready to Program A First Program Variables, Expressions, and Assignments Initialization The Use of #define and #include The Use of printf() and scanf() The Use of printf()

More information

Overview of C, Part 2. CSE 130: Introduction to Programming in C Stony Brook University

Overview of C, Part 2. CSE 130: Introduction to Programming in C Stony Brook University Overview of C, Part 2 CSE 130: Introduction to Programming in C Stony Brook University Integer Arithmetic in C Addition, subtraction, and multiplication work as you would expect Division (/) returns the

More information

Objectives. Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Introduction. Objectives (cont d.) A C++ Program (cont d.) A C++ Program

Objectives. Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Introduction. Objectives (cont d.) A C++ Program (cont d.) A C++ Program Objectives Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ In this chapter, you will: Become familiar with functions, special symbols, and identifiers in C++ Explore simple data types Discover how a program evaluates

More information

Basics of Programming

Basics of Programming Unit 2 Basics of Programming Problem Analysis When we are going to develop any solution to the problem, we must fully understand the nature of the problem and what we want the program to do. Without the

More information

!"#$% &'($) *+!$ 0!'" 0+'&"$.&0-2$ 10.+3&2),&/3+, %&&/3+, C,-"!.&/+"*0.&('1 :2 %*10% *%7)/ 30'&. 0% /4%./

!#$% &'($) *+!$ 0!' 0+'&$.&0-2$ 10.+3&2),&/3+, %&&/3+, C,-!.&/+*0.&('1 :2 %*10% *%7)/ 30'&. 0% /4%./ 0!'" 0+'&"$ &0-2$ 10 +3&2),&/3+, #include int main() int i, sum, value; sum = 0; printf("enter ten numbers:\n"); for( i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) scanf("%d", &value); sum = sum + value; printf("their

More information

Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++

Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Objectives In this chapter, you will: Become familiar with functions, special symbols, and identifiers in C++ Explore simple data types Discover how a program evaluates

More information

Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Objectives. Objectives (cont d.) A C++ Program. Introduction

Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Objectives. Objectives (cont d.) A C++ Program. Introduction Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition 1 Objectives In this chapter, you will: Become familiar with functions, special symbols, and identifiers

More information

Course Outline. Introduction to java

Course Outline. Introduction to java Course Outline 1. Introduction to OO programming 2. Language Basics Syntax and Semantics 3. Algorithms, stepwise refinements. 4. Quiz/Assignment ( 5. Repetitions (for loops) 6. Writing simple classes 7.

More information

from Appendix B: Some C Essentials

from Appendix B: Some C Essentials from Appendix B: Some C Essentials tw rev. 22.9.16 If you use or reference these slides or the associated textbook, please cite the original authors work as follows: Toulson, R. & Wilmshurst, T. (2016).

More information

Basic Elements of C. Staff Incharge: S.Sasirekha

Basic Elements of C. Staff Incharge: S.Sasirekha Basic Elements of C Staff Incharge: S.Sasirekha Basic Elements of C Character Set Identifiers & Keywords Constants Variables Data Types Declaration Expressions & Statements C Character Set Letters Uppercase

More information

3. EXPRESSIONS. It is a sequence of operands and operators that reduce to a single value.

3. EXPRESSIONS. It is a sequence of operands and operators that reduce to a single value. 3. EXPRESSIONS It is a sequence of operands and operators that reduce to a single value. Operator : It is a symbolic token that represents an action to be taken. Ex: * is an multiplication operator. Operand:

More information

CSE 1001 Fundamentals of Software Development 1. Identifiers, Variables, and Data Types Dr. H. Crawford Fall 2018

CSE 1001 Fundamentals of Software Development 1. Identifiers, Variables, and Data Types Dr. H. Crawford Fall 2018 CSE 1001 Fundamentals of Software Development 1 Identifiers, Variables, and Data Types Dr. H. Crawford Fall 2018 Identifiers, Variables and Data Types Reserved Words Identifiers in C Variables and Values

More information

DECLARATIONS. Character Set, Keywords, Identifiers, Constants, Variables. Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.

DECLARATIONS. Character Set, Keywords, Identifiers, Constants, Variables. Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA. DECLARATIONS Character Set, Keywords, Identifiers, Constants, Variables Character Set C uses the uppercase letters A to Z. C uses the lowercase letters a to z. C uses digits 0 to 9. C uses certain Special

More information

UEE1302 (1102) F10: Introduction to Computers and Programming

UEE1302 (1102) F10: Introduction to Computers and Programming Computational Intelligence on Automation Lab @ NCTU Learning Objectives UEE1302 (1102) F10: Introduction to Computers and Programming Programming Lecture 00 Programming by Example Introduction to C++ Origins,

More information

C - Basic Introduction

C - Basic Introduction C - Basic Introduction C is a general-purpose high level language that was originally developed by Dennis Ritchie for the UNIX operating system. It was first implemented on the Digital Equipment Corporation

More information

VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS

VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS UNIT 3 Structure VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS Variables and Constants 3.0 Introduction 3.1 Objectives 3.2 Character Set 3.3 Identifiers and Keywords 3.3.1 Rules for Forming Identifiers 3.3.2 Keywords 3.4 Data

More information

Lecture 02 C FUNDAMENTALS

Lecture 02 C FUNDAMENTALS Lecture 02 C FUNDAMENTALS 1 Keywords C Fundamentals auto double int struct break else long switch case enum register typedef char extern return union const float short unsigned continue for signed void

More information

C Overview Fall 2014 Jinkyu Jeong

C Overview Fall 2014 Jinkyu Jeong C Overview Fall 2014 Jinkyu Jeong (jinkyu@skku.edu) 1 # for preprocessor Indicates where to look for printf() function.h file is a header file #include int main(void) { printf("hello, world!\n");

More information

Day02 A. Young W. Lim Sat. Young W. Lim Day02 A Sat 1 / 12

Day02 A. Young W. Lim Sat. Young W. Lim Day02 A Sat 1 / 12 Day02 A Young W. Lim 2017-10-07 Sat Young W. Lim Day02 A 2017-10-07 Sat 1 / 12 Outline 1 Based on 2 Introduction (2) - Basic Elements Basic Elements in C Programming Young W. Lim Day02 A 2017-10-07 Sat

More information

Unit 3. Operators. School of Science and Technology INTRODUCTION

Unit 3. Operators. School of Science and Technology INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Operators Unit 3 In the previous units (unit 1 and 2) you have learned about the basics of computer programming, different data types, constants, keywords and basic structure of a C program.

More information

Introduction to the C Programming Language

Introduction to the C Programming Language Introduction to the C Programming Language Michael Griffiths Corporate Information and Computing Services The University of Sheffield Email m.griffiths@sheffield.ac.uk Course Outline Part 1 Introduction

More information

LECTURE 02 INTRODUCTION TO C++

LECTURE 02 INTRODUCTION TO C++ PowerPoint Slides adapted from *Starting Out with C++: From Control Structures through Objects, 7/E* by *Tony Gaddis* Copyright 2012 Pearson Education Inc. COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LECTURE 02 INTRODUCTION

More information

Programming in C++ 4. The lexical basis of C++

Programming in C++ 4. The lexical basis of C++ Programming in C++ 4. The lexical basis of C++! Characters and tokens! Permissible characters! Comments & white spaces! Identifiers! Keywords! Constants! Operators! Summary 1 Characters and tokens A C++

More information

B.V. Patel Institute of Business Management, Computer & Information Technology, Uka Tarsadia University

B.V. Patel Institute of Business Management, Computer & Information Technology, Uka Tarsadia University Unit 1 Programming Language and Overview of C 1. State whether the following statements are true or false. a. Every line in a C program should end with a semicolon. b. In C language lowercase letters are

More information

Lecture 3 Tao Wang 1

Lecture 3 Tao Wang 1 Lecture 3 Tao Wang 1 Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: Arithmetic operations Variables and declaration statements Program input using the cin object Common programming errors C++ for Engineers

More information