8 Results of the 2009 Study. 8.1 Summary

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1 8 Results of the 2009 Study 8.1 Summary The results of the selection process are summarized in Table 3, which shows the number of patent families selected in the four jurisdictions and our experts opinions. Table 1 Summary of patent families evaluated in 2009 study Families Reviewed Families Judged E/E* Families Judged Per Cent E/E* N/N* European United States Japanese Chinese Total /14/2010 Fairfield Resources International, Inc Page 15

2 8.2 Patent categories As in all our previous studies, while examining patents from each patent family we sorted the patents into 17 technical categories, covering key aspects of CDMA cellular communications. Eight examples are (a) radio signals, covering CDMA fundamentals (including spreading codes, physical channels, and modulation) (b) radio resources management (including power and rate control), (c) location management (including location determination and mobility management), (d) layer 2 (including media access control, error detection, and retransmission), (e) source coding, channel coding, (f) core network operations, (g) call management, and (h) synchronization. Table 2 shows the categories and the number of WCDMA patents in each category. 1/14/2010 Fairfield Resources International, Inc Page 16

3 Technical Category Table 2: Technical categories declared essential Patents declared Essential to WCDMA in 2009 Study Patents declared Essential to WCDMA in 2006 Study Total Patents Declared Essential including Korean TTA Study number percent number percent Number percent Total 380 network layer radio resources security location handover call management radio signals data antenna channel coding source coding synchronization 5 terminal electronic circuits fax TDMA Not cellular/3g 8 Technical category Table 3: Technical categories judged essential Patents Judged Essential to WCDMA in 2009 Study Patents Judged Essential to WCDMA in 2006 Study Total Patents Judged Essential including Korean TTA Study number Percent number percent Number percent network layer radio resources security location data handover call management radio signals source coding antenna channel coding /14/2010 Fairfield Resources International, Inc Page 17

4 synchronization electronic circuits fax tdma terminal Total /14/2010 Fairfield Resources International, Inc Page 18

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7 Table 4. Total Declared Patent Families by Category for Leading Patentees Huawei Ericsson Nokia Qualcomm Samsung Decl d E/E* Decl d E/E* Decl d E/E* Decl d E/E* Decl d E/E* radio resources radio signals electronic circuits handover source coding channel coding location synch network call mgmt layer antenna security data terminal fax 3 2 1/14/2010 Fairfield Resources International, Inc Page 21

8 8.3 Patent Ownership In addition to the names of inventors, it is customary for a patent to state that the rights to the patent are assigned to a certain organization, usually the employer of the inventors. In this latest study the patents are assigned to 26 different companies, of which four companies own the rights to almost three quarters of the patents declared essential to WCDMA: Huawei (replacing Motorola from the earlier study), Nokia, Ericsson and Qualcomm. Table 6 shows the distribution of patent ownership for patents declared essential to 3GPP standards, while Table 7 shows the percentage of declared patents which our experts judged to be essential. It is interesting to note that Qualcomm and Ericsson, with slightly less than half the total number of families reviewed, had fewer than 20% of their families judged E/E*. 11% of the 493 families declared essential by Qualcomm were judged essential. 1/14/2010 Fairfield Resources International, Inc Page 22

9 Table 5. Ownership of Declared IP 2009 Study 2006 Study Summary of All Studies incl. Korean TTA Total E/E* N/N* Total E/E* N/N* Total E/E* N/N* Huawei Nokia Ericsson Qualcomm Nortel Samsung Siemens Matsushita Apple Alcatel NTT Docomo Motorola NEC Research In Motion ASUSTEK British Telecommuni cations Fujitsu Interdigital Philips Innovative Sonic Hitachi Dilithium Networks IPWireless TI ETRI Broadcom Mitsubishi Toshiba NTT Cellco Kokusai Electric Oki France Telecomm Saibu Telia AB KDD /14/2010 Fairfield Resources International, Inc Page 23

10 Raytheon Sun Vodafone Coding Technologies LG Sony Sph. America LLC Aepona AMX Canon Casio Cronin Deutsche Intel KPN LWICS MP SGS-Thomson Sharp Voiceage Voicecraft YRP Mobile Table 6. Percent of Declared Patents Judged Essential Ranked by Essential Percentage of all Families Reviewed 2009 Study 2006 Study All Families Reviewed Declared Families Percent E/E* Declared Families Percent E/E* Declared Families Percent E/E* Aepona KPN Voiceage Voicecraft Hitachi Siemens Nokia LG British Telecomm Innovative Sonic Coding Tech Huawei Alcatel Nortel TI /14/2010 Fairfield Resources International, Inc Page 24

11 Mitsubishi Interdigital Ericsson ASUSTEK ETRI Raytheon Motorola NEC NTT Docomo 21 NTT France Telecomm Matsushita Research In Motion Oki Samsung Philips Apple Qualcomm Toshiba Fujitsu Table 7: Expiration Year of Essential Patents 45 Expiration Year 2009 Study All Studies Two of the patents judged essential in the 2006 study expired before /14/2010 Fairfield Resources International, Inc Page 25

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