Internet Architecture

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1 Internet Architecture Lecture 8: How Wireless Connections and WiFi Work Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 1

2 Introduction The wired world created a revolution of allowing people to connect to the Internet. Now the unwired world the ability to connect to the Internet wirelessly is bringing just as big a change. The most popular way of connecting to the Internet wirelessly is via a family of technologies called or WiFi. There are several different standards for , and they connect at different speeds, including b standard, which operates in the 2.4GHz spectrum and transfers data at a maximum rate of 11Mbps; the a standard, which operates in the 5GHz spectrum at 54Mbps; and the g standard, which operates in the 2.4GHz spectrum and transfers data at a maximum rate of 54Mbps. In addition, there are other emerging standards that transfer data at much higher rates, such as the n, which will transfer data at rates approximately ten times faster than g. Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 2

3 Introduction To connect to the Internet this way, an card needs to be used in a computing device such as a laptop or palmtop computer, and it needs to connect to a nearby compatible wireless access point, most often called a router. These routers can be in a home or business. Increasingly there are also public access points, called hot spots, which allow you to connect to the Internet from public places such as coffee shops, hotels, and airports. One problem with WiFi networks is that they can be vulnerable to snoopers and hackers, who can use a technique called war driving to get into the network. Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 3

4 Introduction There are a variety of other ways to connect wirelessly to the Internet as well, for example by using a satellite connection. Satellite-access systems require that you use a modem. The modem is used to request information from the Internet, so when you send information through the Internet, it goes at normal modem speeds. However, that requested information is sent back to you at the high satellite transmission speeds, not the slower modem speeds. However, this means that if you're sending , or transferring a file to someone via FTP, that information is sent at modem speeds, not satellite speeds. Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 4

5 Introduction When you access the Internet via satellite, you still use a traditional PC. However, you can also get onto the Web in other ways using new types of digital devices, most notably palmtop devices. These little computers, sometimes called personal digital assistants (PDAs) can literally put the Web in the palm of your hand. You connect a modem to them and can then get onto the Internet and send and receive and browse the Web with them, although as explained earlier, you can also use them to access the Internet using WiFi technology. An emerging technology may be the most revolutionary wireless technology of all WiMax blankets an entire metropolitan area with high-speed Internet access, and so wherever you are, you can be connected to the Internet. Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 5

6 How to Access the Internet via a Satellite Connection 1* Accessing the Internet via a satellite connection delivers information to your computer at much higher speeds than do normal modems at 400 Kbps. To use it, you need a satellite dish on your home in the same way that you need a satellite dish to get satellite TV. Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 6

7 How to Access the Internet via a Satellite Connection Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 7

8 How to Access the Internet via a Satellite Connection Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 8

9 How to Access the Internet via a Satellite Connection Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 9

10 How to Access the Internet via a Satellite Connection Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 10

11 How Cell Phones Access the Internet 1* The main way cellular telephones access the Internet is through a protocol called the Wireless Access Protocol (WAP) and its associated markup language, the Wireless Markup Language (WML). To use WAP to access a web page with a cellular telephone, you first need to make a cellular phone call. When you dial a cell phone, it looks for the nearest cellular antenna, called a base station, to transmit the call. The phone scans nearby base stations and locks on one that is either the closest or has the most powerful signal. Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 11

12 How Cell Phones Access the Internet Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 12

13 How Cell Phones Access the Internet Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 13

14 How Cell Phones Access the Internet Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 14

15 How Cell Phones Access the Internet Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 15

16 How Cell Phones Access the Internet Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 16

17 How Cell Phones Access the Internet Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 17

18 How Bluetooth Works 1* Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows computers, telephones, personal data assistants (PDAs), and even home devices such as stereos and TVs to communicate with one another. Each Bluetooth device has a microchip embedded in it that can send and receive radio signals. It can send both data and voice. The radio signals are sent and received in the 2.4GHz radio band, often referred to as the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. Inside the chip is software called a link controller that does the actual work of identifying other Bluetooth devices and sending and receiving data. Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 18

19 How Bluetooth Works Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 19

20 How Bluetooth Works Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 20

21 How Bluetooth Works Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 21

22 How Bluetooth Works Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 22

23 How Bluetooth Works Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 23

24 How Bluetooth Works Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 24

25 Glossary War Driving: A technique for finding WiFi networks and attempting to access them. Hot Spot: A public wireless access point that allows people to connect to the Internet using WiFi technology. Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 25

26 Thank you Assistant Teacher Samraa Adnan Al-Asadi 26

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