Summary of Contents LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES

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1 Summary of Contents LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES PREFACE xvii xix xxi PART 1 BACKGROUND Chapter 1. Introduction 3 Chapter 2. Standards-Makers 21 Chapter 3. Principles of the S2ESC Collection 45 Chapter 4. Organizing a Standards Collection 63 PART 2 A KNOWLEDGE-ORIENTED VIEW Chapter 5. Overview of the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge 73 Chapter 6. Knowledge Area: Software Requirements 77 Chapter 7. Knowledge Area: Software Design 99 Chapter 8. Knowledge Area: Software Construction 113 Chapter 9. Knowledge Area: Software Testing 123 Chapter 10. Knowledge Area: Software Maintenance 137 Chapter 11. Knowledge Area: Software Configuration Management 149 Chapter 12. Knowledge Area: Software Engineering Management 165 Chapter 13. Knowledge Area: Software Engineering Process 183 Chapter 14. Knowledge Area: Software Engineering Tools and Methods 217 Chapter 15. Knowledge Area: Software Quality 229 Chapter 16. Related Disciplines 249 Chapter 17. Other IEEE Software Engineering Standards 277 PART 3 A PROCESS-ORIENTED VIEW Chapter 18. History and Concepts 283 Chapter 19. Software Life Cycle Processes 293 Chapter 20. System Life Cycle Processes 337 Appendix A: Standards Described in This Book 359 Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms 367 BIBLIOGRAPHY 373 INDEX 379 vi

2 Contents LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES PREFACE xvii xix xxi PART 1 BACKGROUND 1 Chapter 1. Introduction 3 1. Software Engineering Is It Engineering? Relationship to Other Disciplines Body of Knowledge Fundamental Principles 6 2. Software Engineering Standards The Nature of Standards Scope of Software Engineering Standards Importance of Software Engineering Standards History Makers of Software Engineering Standards Organizational Goals for Using Software Engineering Standards Trends Using This Book Summary 20 vii

3 viii CONTENTS Chapter 2. Standards-Makers Overview of Standards Developing Organizations International Standards Organizations US Standards Organizations Key Software and Systems Engineering Standards-Makers ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 (Software and Systems Engineering) IEEE Computer Society Software and Systems Engineering Committee Summary 43 Chapter 3. Principles of the S2ESC Collection Strategic Relationships with Other Standards Collection Clear Relationship Between System and Software Emphasis on Organizationally Adopted Processes Uniform Process Framework Based on Process Framework Data Framework Architectural Coherence Consistency Product Quality Model Process Abstraction Model Summary 62 Chapter 4. Organizing a Standards Collection Organizing by Topic Standards for Documentation Standards for Life Cycle Processes Standards for Measurement Standards for Plans Standards for Project Management Standards for Reuse Standards for Terminology Standards for Tools Organizing by Object Levels of Prescription Objects of Software Engineering Organizing by Knowledge Area Organizing by Process Summary 70

4 CONTENTS ix PART 2 A KNOWLEDGE-ORIENTED VIEW 71 Chapter 5. Overview of the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge Purpose of the SWEBOK Guide Structure of the Knowledge-Based Organization Summary 76 Chapter 6. Knowledge Area: Software Requirements Knowledge Area Scope Knowledge Area Summary Knowledge Area Description Software Requirements Fundamentals Requirements Process Requirements Elicitation Requirements Analysis Requirements Specification Requirements Validation Practical Considerations Standards in the Software Requirements Knowledge Area IEEE Std , IEEE Recommended Practice for Software Requirements Specifications ISO/IEC :2001, Software Engineering Product Quality Part 1: Quality Model IEEE Std , Implementation Note for IEEE Adoption of ISO/IEC :1998 Information Technology Software Measurement Functional Size Measurement Part 1: Definition of Concepts Summary 97 Chapter 7. Knowledge Area: Software Design Knowledge Area Scope Knowledge Area Summary Knowledge Area Description Software Design Fundamentals Key Issues of Software Design Software Structure and Architecture Software Design Quality Analysis and Evaluation Software Design Notations Software Design Strategies and Methods Standards in the Software Design Knowledge Area IEEE Std , IEEE Recommended Practice for Software Design Descriptions Summary 110

5 x CONTENTS Chapter 8. Knowledge Area: Software Construction Knowledge Area Scope Knowledge Area Summary Knowledge Area Description Basic Concepts of Construction Managing Construction Practical Considerations Standards in the Software Construction Knowledge Area IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for Software User Documentation Summary 121 Chapter 9. Knowledge Area: Software Testing Knowledge Area Scope Knowledge Area Summary Knowledge Area Description Basic Concepts and Definitions Test Levels Test Techniques Test-Related Measures Managing the Test Process Standards in the Software Testing Knowledge Area IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for Software Test Documentation IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for Software Unit Testing Summary 136 Chapter 10. Knowledge Area: Software Maintenance Knowledge Area Scope Knowledge Area Summary Knowledge Area Description Fundamentals Key Issues in Software Maintenance Maintenance Process Techniques for Maintenance Standards in the Software Maintenance Knowledge Area IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for Software Maintenance ISO/IEC 14764:1999, Information Technology Software Maintenance Summary 147

6 CONTENTS xi Chapter 11. Knowledge Area: Software Configuration Management Knowledge Area Scope Knowledge Area Summary Knowledge Area Description Management of the Software Configuration Management Process Software Configuration Identification Software Configuration Control Software Configuration Status Accounting Software Configuration Auditing Software Release Management and Delivery Standards in the Software Configuration Management Knowledge Area IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for Software Configuration Management Plans Summary 164 Chapter 12. Knowledge Area: Software Engineering Management Knowledge Area Scope Knowledge Area Summary Knowledge Area Description Initiation and Scope Definition Software Project Planning Software Project Enactment Review and Evaluation Closure Software Engineering Measurement Standards in the Software Engineering Management Knowledge Area IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for Software Productivity Metrics IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for Software Project Management Plans IEEE Std 1062, 1998 Edition, IEEE Recommended Practice for Software Acquisition Summary 180 Chapter 13. Knowledge Area: Software Engineering Process Knowledge Area Scope Knowledge Area Summary Knowledge Area Description Process Implementation and Change Process Definition Process Assessment Process and Product Measurement 195

7 xii CONTENTS 4. Standards in the Software Engineering Process Knowledge Area IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for Developing Software Life Cycle Processes IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for Information Technology Software Life Cycle Processes Reuse Processes IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for Software Life Cycle Processes Risk Management IEEE/EIA 12207, Software Life Cycle Processes ISO/IEC TR (Nine Parts), Information Technology Software Process Assessment ISO/IEC (Draft) (Five Parts), Software Engineering Process Assessment ISO/IEC 15939:2002, Software Engineering Software Measurement Process Summary 214 Chapter 14. Knowledge Area: Software Engineering Tools and Methods Knowledge Area Scope Knowledge Area Summary Knowledge Area Description Software Tools Software Engineering Methods Standards in the Software Engineering Tools and Methods Knowledge Area IEEE Std , IEEE Guide for CASE Tool Interconnections Classification and Description IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for Functional Modeling Language Syntax and Semantics for IDEF IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for Conceptual Modeling Language Syntax and Semantics for IDEF1X 97 (IDEFObject) IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for Information Technology Software Reuse Data Model for Reuse Library Interoperability: Basic Interoperability Data Model (BIDM) IEEE Std , IEEE Standard Adoption of International Standard ISO/IEC 14102:1995 Information Technology Guideline for the Evaluation and Selection of CASE Tools Summary 228

8 CONTENTS xiii Chapter 15. Knowledge Area: Software Quality Knowledge Area Scope Knowledge Area Summary Knowledge Area Description Software Quality Fundamentals Software Quality Management Processes Practical Considerations Standards in the Software Quality Knowledge Area IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for Software Quality Assurance Plans IEEE Std , IEEE Standard Dictionary of Measures to Produce Reliable Software IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for Software Verification and Validation IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for Software Reviews IEEE Std , IEEE Standard Classification for Software Anomalies IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for a Software Quality Metrics Methodology IEEE Std , IEEE Standard Adoption of International Standard ISO/IEC 12119: 1994(E) Information Technology Software Packages Quality Requirements and Testing Summary 246 Chapter 16. Related Disciplines Computer Engineering Computer Science Management Mathematics Project Management Scope Knowledge Areas Related Standards Quality Management Scope Knowledge Areas Related Standards Software Ergonomics Systems Engineering Scope Knowledge Areas Related Standards 257

9 xiv CONTENTS 9. Descriptions of Relevant Standards IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for the Application and Management of the Systems Engineering Process IEEE Std , IEEE Standard for Software Safety Plans IEEE Std 1233, 1998 Edition, IEEE Guide for Developing System Requirements Specifications IEEE Std , IEEE Guide for Information Technology System Definition Concept of Operations (ConOps) Document IEEE Std , IEEE Recommended Practice for Architectural Description of Software Intensive Systems IEEE Std , IEEE Guide Adoption of PMI Standard A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge ISO 9000:2000, Quality Management Systems Fundamentals and Vocabulary ISO 9001:2000, Quality Management Systems Requirements ISO 9004:2000, Quality Management Systems Guidelines for Performance Improvements ISO/IEC 15026:1998, Information Technology System and Software Integrity Levels ISO/IEC 15288:2002, Systems Engineering System Life Cycle Processes ISO/IEC 90003:2004, Software Engineering Guidelines for the Application of ISO 9001:2000 to Computer Software Summary 276 Chapter 17. Other IEEE Software Engineering Standards Standards Not in a Knowledge Area IEEE Std , IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology IEEE Std , IEEE Recommended Practice for the Internet Web Site Engineering, Web Site Management, and Web Site Life Cycle Summary 279 PART 3 A PROCESS-ORIENTED VIEW 281 Chapter 18. History and Concepts History Defense Life Cycle Standards Commercial Life Cycle Standards Model of Process Abstraction Framework of Reference Processes 291

10 CONTENTS xv Chapter 19. Software Life Cycle Processes Primary Processes Acquisition Process Supply Process Development Process Operation Process Maintenance Process Supporting Processes Documentation Process Configuration Management Process Quality Assurance Process Verification Process Validation Process Joint Review Process Audit Process Problem Resolution Process Measurement Process [Reuse] Asset Management Process Organizational Processes Management Process Infrastructure Process Improvement Process Training Process Risk Management Process Reuse Program Administration Cross-Project Processes [Reuse] Domain Engineering Summary 335 Chapter 20. System Life Cycle Processes ISO/IEC Systems Engineering System Life Cycle Processes Key Concepts of ISO/IEC System Structure Enabling Systems System Life Cycle Model System Life Cycle Stages System Life Cycle Processes A Process View of the System Life Cycle Agreement Processes Enterprise Processes Project Processes Technical Processes A Staged View of the System Life Cycle 353

11 xvi CONTENTS 5. Relationship of IEEE Std 1220 with System Life Cycle Processes General Concepts of IEEE Std The Systems Engineering Process (SEP) Applying the SEP to the Life Cycle Compatibility with ISO/IEC Summary 357 Appendix A: Standards Described in This Book 359 Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms 367 BIBLIOGRAPHY 373 INDEX 379