To Infiniband or Not Infiniband, One Site s s Perspective. Steve Woods MCNC
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1 To Infiniband or Not Infiniband, One Site s s Perspective Steve Woods MCNC 1
2 Agenda Infiniband background Current configuration Base Performance Application performance experience Future Conclusions 2
3 Infiniband Background In the 1990 s s a growing concern among server companies of how to increase IO speeds. Two camps of competing efforts were formed. Future I/O (FIO) which included IBM,HP and Compaq Next Generation I/O (NGIO) which included Intel, Sun and Dell. 3
4 Infiniband Background (cont) Knowing the disaster of such competing efforts they joined forces to form Serial I/O (SIO) which combined the best of both worlds. This was later re-branded by Intel as Infiniband Architecture (IBA). So in August of 1999 this newly formed organization was called the Infiniband Trade Association (IBTA). For more info: 4
5 Infiniband Background (cont) Specification released October 2000 This specification being influenced by the Virtual Interface Architecture (VIA) in the areas of: Remote DMA (RDMA) Queue Pair (QP) asynchronous operations 5
6 So What is Infiniband? Infiniband is a point-to to-point, switched fabric interconnect architecture for servers Designed to deliver high bandwidth and low latency communication between server to server and server to I/O device. Unification of storage and communication networks (SAN and ethernet) The intent is to be a replacement for PCI. 6
7 MCNC Infiniband Configuration MCNC has 64 compute nodes along with 2 interactive user nodes and a 13 node BladeCenter used for Lustre filesystem support all running linux OS. Hardware specifics include: 64 dual Xeon 2.8 Ghz processors with 4GB memory, 40GB local SCSI drive and Infinband 2 dual Xeon 2.8 Ghz processor nodes with 4GB memory, 144GB SCSI storage and Infiniband 13 dual Xeon 2.8 Ghz processors with 2.5GB memory and 40GB IDE drives (4 nodes contain 2Gb FC controllers to 1TB of DDN storage) 72 port IB switch attached to 12 port IB switch with 6 port GigE gateway module 7
8 l 8
9 l 9
10 Base MPI Performance Tests for MPI performance were done using a simple MPI program with parent on one node sending data and the child MPI process on another node receiving data. Results were timed for both bandwidth and latency for various message sizes. The tests were done across gigabit Ethernet and Infiniband interfaces. The gigabit Ethernet tests used mpich and the Infiniband tests used Topspin s mpich from the build. 10
11 Testing Path Reference Layers 5-7 Transparent Application Custom/Enhanced BSD Sockets Async I/O extension udapl MPI Transport Layer 4 TCP SDP Direct Access Network Layer 3 IP IPOIB Link Layer 2 GigE 10Gig Infiniband 11
12 MPI Message Bandwidth MB/Sec GigE IB MPI Message Size 12
13 MPI Message Latency Microseconds GigE IB MPI Message Size 13
14 MPI Message Latency Microseconds MPI Message Size GigE IB 14
15 Application Performance Examples Two tests cases presented include: MM5 is a limited area, nonhydrostatic,, terrain-following sigma coordinate model designed to simulate or predict mesoscale atmospheric circulation, i.e. weather forecasting model. LES Large-Eddy Simulation model which simulates eddies in a turbulent flow. LES simulates turbulence in three dimensions splitting data among the processors in the vertical direction only. Thus each processor contains at least one entire horizontal (x-y)( ) plane. 15
16 MM5 Using MPI Time in Minutes Number of Processes GigE IB 16
17 Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Using MPI Compliments of: Martin J. Otte Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke University 17
18 Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Using MPI Compliments of: Martin J. Otte Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke University 18
19 Future of Infiniband OpenIB standards to ease problems associated with linux OS upgrades Increase in performance with new 12X interfaces (30Gb/sec). Storage vendors adopting Infiniband as a means of high speed I/O transport. 19
20 Future of Infiniband (cont) Interface cards for PCI-express. Infiniband WAN either using a 10 gige gateway to WAN or possibly native 4X IB (concern 10 microsecond latency per KM and 10KB of buffer needed per KM of distance, also would need to look like a ethernet transport with IB flow control) 20
21 Possible Infiniband LAN/WAN Storage Solution 21
22 Conclusions Infiniband has had a rollercoaster ride getting going. This might be attributed to reasons like: Crash of the dot com s. 9/11 Recession Watchful IT spending Frankly the initial 1X IB not overly interesting 22
23 Conclusions (cont) However, it looks like Infiniband has finally gotten a foothold in the industry. This can be seen with: OpenIB initiative (looks like the IB stack will be in the linux kernel) Availability of 12X (30GB/sec) interfaces Availability of IB not only using PCI-X X HCA s s (also soon PCI-Express) but also available on systems like the IBM BladeCenter. Some motherboard vendors looking to have IB on-board. Storage devices soon to have IB on them. Several major cluster sites have adopted IB as their interconnect fabric. 23
24 Conclusions (cont) Because of it s s low-latency latency and high bandwidth characteristics, it appears to be a good candidate as a single network interface for both MPI and I/O. Infiniband prices have dropped to about $1200 per connection (HCA + switch port) making it competitive with FC or other network interfaces like Myrinet or Quadrics. 24
25 Conclusions (cont) For sites who have applications that do a lot of communication between processes might not only reduce their wallclock time on the running jobs, but find better scaling as additional processes are added. Look at the above mentioned issues, you might find that because of better use of compute resources the net result is a possible overall savings even after the purchase of a low-latency latency high bandwidth interface like Infiniband. 25
26 Questions? 26
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