Performance Evaluation of AODV DSDV and OLSR Routing Protocols with Varying FTP Connections in MANET
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1 Performance Evaluation of AODV DSDV and OLSR Protocols with Varying FTP Connections in MANET Alok Upadhyay, Rupali Phatak Research Scholar, Asst. Professor -Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Medicaps Institute of Technology & Management, Indore Abstract: A mobile ad hoc network is self configuring, resource poor and has dynamically changing topology. Keeping in view these constraints and complexity number of routing protocols are proposed. The most popular protocols are AODV, DSDV and OLSR. In this paper an attempt has been made for comparison of these three protocols on the basis of different performance matrices. The Network Simulator (NS2) is used for simulating the mobile ad hoc network. The results presented in this paper work are indicating the performance comparison of different protocols on the basis of End-to-End delay, Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio and Normalized Load. Different Awk scripts are used for finding the values of these parameters. Keywords: MANET, AODV, DSDV, OLSR, TCP 1. Introduction Wireless network is the emerging new technology which allows users to access information and services electronically in their geographic position. Wireless Networks can be differentiated on the basis of infrastructure based network and infrastructure less (ad hoc) networks. Infrastructure based network consists of a network with fixed wired medium. A mobile host communicates with a bridge called base station within its communication area. In this approach the base station are fixed. In wireless network the mobile nodes can move geographically while it s communicating to other. When it goes out of range of one base station, it connects with new base station automatically and starts communicating through it. This is called hand -Off[1].In the infrastructure less (ad hoc) networks all nodes are mobile and can be connected dynamically in an arbitrary manner as compared to wired medium. This network is called mobile adhoc network (MANET). Due to dynamic change in network topology, maintenance of routing information is more difficult and any malicious behaviour could disrupt the whole network. All nodes of ad-hoc networks behave as routers and participate to discovery and maintenance of routes to other nodes in the network [2]. 2. in MANET The main goal of mobile ad hoc networking is to provide the robustness and efficient operation in moveable wireless networks by incorporating routing functionality into mobile nodes [1]. A routing protocol is a protocol that specifies how routers exchange the information with each other; there are two main basic functions of routing protocol: To select the routes between source to destination And delivers the message to their right destination A wireless network follows the different routing protocols such as Table driven routing protocol and on-demand routing protocol.in a table driven routing protocol maintains one or more table which contain the routing information by each node of the network. All nodes update the information of randomly changing topology in wireless network. When the network topology is changed, the nodes propagate update messages throughout the network in order to maintain routing information about the whole network. On-Demand Protocols take a slow approach to routing. As compare to table-driven routing protocols all up-to-date routes are not manage at every node, instead the routes are created when needed. When a node wants to send Page 531
2 message to a destination, it requests the route discovery mechanisms to find the path to the destination. The route remains valid till the destination is reachable or until the route is no longer needed. From the proposed routing protocol we have chosen to compare and analyze AODV DSDV and OLSR routing protocols. 3. Protocols in MANET 3.1 AODV (Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector) AODV is a reactive and loop free routing protocol as the name suggested that route discovery is on demand. It is an expansion of DSDV and DSR routing protocol that minimizes the number of broadcasts and also avoids the count to infinity problem from distance vector routing algorithm by using the sequence number. The count to infinity is like a looping process in which nodes updates each other continuously. This protocol contains only the routing information of next node for the destination node. When a node wants to send a packet to destination it checks its routing table for determining a route. If required route information is available in its directory or routing table then the node use that route for packet transmission. When route does not available in network, it performs the route discovery process. So the route discovery process becomes on-demand. In route discovery process the node sends a route request (RREQ) to all its neighbours first. The route request is a type of control message which is transmitted by a node requiring a route to destination node. The following information is existing in the route request: 1. IP address of the destination nodes 2. IP address of source nodes 3. Last known sequence for destination 4. The hop count Route request ID also exists in route request which is updated every time the nodes initiates new route request. The source IP address together with the route request ID universally identifies a route request that can be used for search duplicates [3]. To ensure that the routing information is updated or not each node maintains the sequence number. Larger the sequence number shows the updated or newer routing information. In route discovery process RREQ and RREP sends along with the updated sequence number. Whenever a node receives the route request it also updates in its routing table. It creates a reverse track to previous node before forwarding RREQ to other node by using the data base of updated routing table. So that node can forward the route reply later to previous node. It then increments the hop count and rebroadcast the RREQ packet to its neighbours. If in the path does not have the shortest path to the destination, the intermediate nodes having valid route towards the destination which replies with a unicast RREQ. Every node keeps track of a predecessor node. All node broadcast the hello messages periodically, if neighbouring node does not receives the HELLO message within the time period. Link between itself and destination is considered as failure link by the node. Link failure is generally repaired by local repair mechanism by inform to all nodes about failure link by sending RERR (Route error).sender may reinitiate the route discovery process. 3.2 DSDV (Destination Sequenced Distance Vector) Destination sequenced distance vector routing is based on bellman ford routing algorithm with some enhancement to calculate path [4]. It is proactive routing protocol which is based on periodic routing of control messages and maintaining the routing tables. Each node maintains total related information about the local network topology. This information is stored through periodic exchange of partial routing stored at each node. Since each node knows complete topology information very well. Each node maintain routing information which stores address of next hop, cost matrix towards each destination, sequence number which is created by the destination node. The cost matrix is used for hop count, by which we can determine how many number of hops it takes for the packet to reach the destination. In DSDV each node forwards the changed routing table by using periodic and trigger update mechanism to its all neighbours, but due to periodic updates loops are created in the network. To eliminating these loops from the network we are using sequence number which is selected by each and every node randomly but the sequence number must be increment each time periodically update by the node. There are two types of updates are made by each node; the first is normal update and second is expired route update. In the normal update the sequence number must be chooses an even number. Page 532
3 ISSN(Online) ISSN (Print) Each time of periodic update node increment it sequence number by 2 and transmits the message. A node doesn t have permission to change the sequence number of other node. If the route is expired the nodes use the route expired update mechanism. This node sends the updates about route expiry by incrementing the sequence number by 1. When other nodes found the odd sequence number it will remove the corresponding entry from their routing table. 3.3 OLSR (Optimized Link State ) Optimized Link State (OLSR) Protocol is a table driven proactive routing protocol in which control messages transfer periodically to maintain topology information at each node [5]. Each node has information about the whole network topology. Hence a route is available immediately whenever required. Two control messagess HELLO and topology control (TC) is used to discover and disseminate topology information in the network. OLSR protocol is an optimization of traditional link state routing protocol of wired network. It is based on concept of limited flooding using multi point relay (MPR) set to reduce number of control messages flow in the network. MPR set is a subset of 1-hop neighbours of a node which have positive willing to forward routing messages on behalf of other nodes. Here A is a source node and node B and node G are its MPR nodes which retransmit all the control messages received from source node A to their neighbours. Here we have a scenario in Fig.1 to show protocol functioning [5]. 1. Each node in the network broadcast HELLO messages to their neighbours to discover their 1-hop neighbour, 2-hop neighbour and MPR set. 2. Each broadcasted HELLO message is only forwarded by MPR nodes. 3. Once a node gained informationn about their 1- hop neighbours, 2-hop neighbours and MPR set than a topology control (TC) is send by each MPR nodes to their MPR nodes which contain information about their MPR selector nodes. As in fig.1 node A choose node B and node G as their MPR nodes. Node B and node G will send TC message with information about node a which is its MPR selector node. 4. On receiving TC messagee and stored neighbour set a node can calculate route to other nodes in the network and number of hops to reach that node. 4. Simulation Experiment: In order to analyze and compare the performance of the three routing protocols AODV, DSDV and OLSR, simulation experiments were performed. The purpose of the simulations was to compare the efficiency of the routing protocols based on different simulation parameters. The focus was concentrated on three performance metrics: Packet delivery rate End-to-End delay Throughput Normalized Load Packet Delivery Rate: It is ratio of number of packets successfully delivered to the destinations to the total packet generated by sources. End-to-End delay: It is the time taken by a packet to travel from source to destination in MANET. It is combination of delays in the whole process of transfer from source to destination. Throughput: It is the main parameter to show the speed of transfer of data. It is the rate of successfully transmitted dataa packets in a unit time in the network during the simulation. Normalized Load: It is the number of routed packets transmitted per data packet delivered at the destination. We have created a wirelesss scenario of 40 nodes randomly scattered in an area 1106x602. The following table1 indicates the simulation parameters. Parameter Parameter Value AODV,DSDV,OLSR Protocols Simulator NS-2.35 MAC Protocol IEEE Terrain Size 1101x602 Number of 39 Page 533
4 Nodes Propagation Model Data Traffic Simulation Time Antenna Type Two Ray Ground FTP,TCP 250s Omni Antenna Table 1 Simulation Result: The simulation was done to compare and analyze the performance of various routing protocols. Different metrics are used to evaluate the performance of the mobile ad-hoc network and Showing the result for AODV DSDV and OLSR routing protocol on the basis of PDR, End to End delay, Throughput and Normalized Load in low and high traffic as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.The graphical representation of comparison of these routing protocols are shown in fig.2-5. Fig.2 Performance in low traffic Protocol End 2 End delay Throughput Packet Delivery Ratio Normalize Load AODV High Low Low Average DSDV Average High High Low OLSR Low Average Average High Fig.3 Table 2 Performance in high traffic Protocol End 2 End delay Throughput Packet Delivery Ratio Normalize Load AODV Low High Low Average DSDV Average Average Average Low OLSR High Low High High Table 3 Fig.4 Page 534
5 [5]Sachin Dahiya,Manoj Duhan and VikramSing Comprehensive Performance of Protocol for Ad hoc Network IJAET 2012 ISSN Volume 2 issue 1 pp [6] C.Liu and J.kaiser A Survey of Mobile Adhoc Network Protocols, University of ulm Tech.Report Series,Nr [7] P.Kuppusamy, Dr.K.Thirunavukkarasu and Dr.B.Kalaavathi, A Study and Comparison of OLSR, AODV and TORA Protocols in Ad Hoc Networks in the IEEE 2011 proceedings Fig.5 6.Conclusion: In this paper we describe the performance of three routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks with different scenarios having different number of FTP applications.our results shows that proactive routing protocols(dsdv and OLSR) have more end-to-end delay, less throughput and high packet delivery ratio in high traffic as compare to reactive routing protocol(aodv).whereas proactive routing protocols have low end-to-end delay,high throughput and high packet delivary ratio in low traffic networks.all results presented in this paper is obtained with 40 node scenario with 5,10,15,20 and 25 FTP connections. RERERENCES: [1] Sayem Patni B.G. Hogade Advent and Importance of Handoff under Wireless Communication Evaluation IJCSN Vol. Issue 4 Aug [2] P.Chenna Reddy, Dr. P. Chandrasekhar Reddy, Performance Analysis of Adhoc Network Protocols, Academic Open Internet Journal, Volume 17, [3] Pradeep Kumar and Deepal aggrawal Performance Evaluation of Protocols in MANETs under Wormhole Attack IJCER Volume 2 issue 8. [4] F.Maan, N. Mazhar, MANET Protocols Vs Mobility Models: A Performance Evaluation in the IEEE 2011 proceedings. [8] Gandhi S. Et al, Performance Evaluation of DSR, OLSR and ZRP Protocols in MANETs, International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI -2012), Jan , 2012, Coimbatore, INDIA [9] R.Balakrishna,S.Jeyabalan,Dr.U.RajeshwarRao, Performance issues on AODV and DSDV for MANETS, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology,2005 [10] R.Jain,Naresh B.Khairnar and L. Shrivastava, Comparative Study of Three Mobile Ad-hoc Network Protocols under Different Traffic Sources, in the IEEE 2011 proceedings. [11] Z.Huawei and Z.Yun, Comparison and Analysis AODV and OLSR Protocols in Ad Hoc Network, in the IEEE 2008 proceedings. [12] C.Perkins, E.B.Royer,S.Das, Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector(AODV),Internet Draft, RFC 3561,IETF Network Working Group,July [13] P. Chenna Reddy, Dr.P. Chandrasekhar Reddy, Performance Analysis of Adhoc Network Protocols, Academic Open Internet Journal, Volume 17, [14] T. Clausen and P. Jacquet, Optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR).RFC 3626, October [15] Network Simulator 2 (NS -2) Page 535
2013, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page 85
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