Computer Skills Revision. By: Rana Hammady

Transcription

1 Computer Skills Revision By: Rana Hammady 1

2 Chapter 1 2

3 Introduction to Computer and Information Technology Definitions Computer tasks Uses of computer system History of computers and computer generations 3

4 Definitions 4

5 Information Technology Is a term that encompasses all forms of technology used to create, store, exchange, and use information in its various forms (business data, voice conversations, still images, motion pictures, multimedia presentations, and other forms, including those not yet conceived). It's a convenient term for including both telephony and computer technology in the same word. 5

6 Computer An electronic machine that is capable of performing arithmetic and logical operations on an entered set of data that is processed and outputs information useful for the user. 6

7 Arithmetic operations Descrip(on In Math Computer Addi(on + + Subtrac(on - - Mul(plica(on * Division / 7

8 Logical operations operations that have a result of either TRUE or False but not together Descrip(on In Math Computer Greater than > > Greater than or equal >= Less than < < Less than or equal <= Equal = = Not equal <> 8

9 Data Set of Facts (ID, Name, Address,...etc.), Observations (cloudy, fast), Remarks or comments (first year students get r higher marks..) Ideas (letter, poem,...) 9

10 Processing Performing computer operations like arithmetic & logical operations on an entered set of data,in order to output information that is useful for the user. 10

11 Information Is a set of results that are output from the computer after processing the data. 11

12 Comparison Data Marks Students names Dirty picture Informa(on Sum, Average, Sor(ng marks Arranging them in alphabe(c order Clean picture Noisy song Filtered song 12

13 User Is the one who makes use of the computer, entering data and getting information like: 1) Human 2) Another computer 13

14 Computer Tasks 14

15 The computer has an electronic brain called the Central Processing Unit, which is responsible for processing all data and instructions given to the computer Input It accepts the data from the user Process Storage Output Returns the processed information to the user The computer has memory chips, which are designed to hold data until it is needed 15

16 Uses of Computer 16

17 In Education Teaching subjects to students easily by showing charts, diagrams and figures Teaching by practical training Searching for concepts or things students wish to know Students will be able to gain knowledge of various subjects and things which are other than school syllabus 17

18 In Business From the stage of manufacturing to the stage of its sale Managers schedule, control, communicate, manage data and all the information about the company and the competitors Keep records of all employees 18

19 In Hospitals Handling Medical Data Scanning and Imaging Examination and Monitoring 19

20 In Hospital (Advantages) Precise tests and medical examinations Faster medical alerts, which are more accurate time-wise Enhanced data about patients medical history Precision in diagnosis Precision in billing Automated updating of medical history 20

21 In Airports Keep track of the planes locations, speed, direction, status, etc Monitor security devices like cameras, x-ray machines and metal detectors Keep up with departure/arrival status Communicate over screens audio systems and paging devices It is used for saving who have booked the tickets 21

22 Computer History 22

23 Generation A generation refers to the state of improvement in the development of a product. This term is also used in the different advancements of computer technology. 23

24 First Generation 24

25 First Generation The vacuum tubes huge, expensive, slow, undependable produces heat like light bulb works like amplifier and switch ENIAC EDVAC UNIVAC 25

26 Second Generation 26

27 Second Generation Transistors Functions like a vacuum tube Faster More reliable Smaller Cheaper ==> 1 transistor = 40 vacuum tubes Conduct electricity easier and better No heat 27

28 Third Generation 28

29 Third Generation Semiconductor ships and integrated circuits Thousands or even millions of conductors compacted in 1 chip Increased power of computer Cheaper Number has doubled every 2 years Shrink size and cost Curry out instructions in billionth of a second 29

30 Fourth Generation 30

31 Fourth Generation Microprocessor millions of transistors put onto one integrated circuit chip invention of microprocessor faster-more calculations it led to the invention of pc s or microcomputers 31

32 Microprocessor A single chip that could do all the processing of a full-scale computer, by putting millions of transistors onto one single chip 32

33 Chapter 2 33

34 Computer System Components Computer Hardware Computer Software Computer User 34

35 Computer Hardware Input Unit Processing Unit Memory Unit Output Unit 35

36 Input devices Vs. Output devices Keyboard Mouse Scanner Microphone CD-ROM Joystick Monitor Speaker Printer Impact (Dot Matrix) Non Impact (Inkjet - Laser) 36

37 Processing Unit CPU ALU Control Unit Registers (Data, Address, program counter, General purpose) 37

38 Memory Unit Main memory (RAM - ROM) Secondary memory (hard disk - floppy disk - tape - CD-ROM) 38

39 Computer Software System Software (An operating System) Application Software General purpose Software (Word processing- Spread sheets...) Special purpose Software 39

40 Computer User Human Computer Machine 40

41 Chapter 3 41

42 Classification of Computers (1)Size (2)Data Handled (3)Purpose of use 42

43 (1) Size Microcomputers (personal computer) Minicomputers Mainframe computers Supercomputers 43

44 (2) Data Handled Analog Digital Hybrid 44

45 (3) Purpose of use General purpose computers Special purpose computers 45

46 Chapter 4 46

47 Computer Networks Advantages and disadvantages Classification of computer network Network Cabling Topology 47

48 Advantages Vs. Disadvantages Sharing resources Saving cost Sharing software Sharing data Communication Expensive cabling Problems with server Security measures needed Vulnerable to hackers and viruses 48

49 Classification of Computer Network (1) By Geographical range PAN LAN MAN WAN (2) By Functional relationship Client- Server Multi-tier architecture Peer to peer (3) By Network Topology Bus network Star network Tree network Ring network 49

50 Network Cabling Twisted pair cable Coaxial cable Fiber Optic cable 50

51 Linear bus topology 51

52 Star Topology 52

53 Tree Topology 53

54 Chapter 5 54

55 Computer Crimes Computer Viruses Denial of service attack Malware Spam Fraud 55

56 Computer Viruses How made? Why made? Properties Types (Macro -Trojan-Worm) Examples (Monkes- ABC- Crabs- CIH) How to know? Sources (Internet- Secondary storage- Networks) Virus protection (Antivirus) Minimizing vulnerability 56

57 Computer Ethics You shall NOT: Use computer to harm people Snoop around in other people s computer files Use a computer to steal You shall: Using other s computers should be with authorization or proper compensation Always use a computers in ways that show consideration and respect for fellow humans 57

58 Chapter 6 58

59 Some keywords Keywords Task bar Desktop Icon Aero (snap-shake-peak) Jump-lists Recycle bin Shortcut Gadgets Command buttons Dialog boxes Check box Option button Text box Spin box List box Screen tip Window GUI Menus 59

60 Some keywords Screen saver Scroll bar Drag and Drop Start button and Start menu All programs Active window Snipping tool Minimize, maximize, restore Navigation pane Details pane Clipboard Compress and Extract Address bar Tool bar Tags Views Search box Libraries Windows explorer 60

61 Chapters 7, 8, 9 Questions? 61

62 Chapter 10 62

63 Main points Server Client ARPANET ASCII Blacklist Browser Domain Firewall Modem Protocol PPP TCP/IP URL WWW Internet Difference between WWW and the internet Types of Networks (LAN- MAN-WAN) Uses of internet 63

64 Questions? 64