Intrusion Techniques

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1 Intrusion Techniques Mgr. Rudolf B. Blažek, Ph.D. Department of Systems Faculty of Information Technologies Czech Technical University in Prague Rudolf Blažek Network Security MI-SIB, ZS 2011/12, Lecture 3 The European Social Fund Prague & EU: We Invest in Your Future

2 Metody síťových útoků Mgr. Rudolf B. Blažek, Ph.D. Katedra počítačových systémů Fakulta informačních technologií České vysoké učení technické v Praze Rudolf Blažek Síťová bezpečnost MI-SIB, ZS 2011/12, Přednáška 3 Evropský sociální fond Praha & EU: Investujeme do vaší budoucnosf

3 Hubs and Switches Security in a LAN With a Hub Network Hub All hosts see all traffic Desktop PC Desktop PC Desktop PC Desktop PC Desktop PC LAN (Local Area Network) 3

4 Hubs and Switches Security in a LAN With a Hub Network Hub All hosts see all traffic This is not secure at all Desktop PC Desktop PC Desktop PC Desktop PC Desktop PC LAN (Local Area Network) 4

5 Hubs and Switches LAN Hubs and Switches OSI Layer LAN Component Host Layers Media Layers 7. Application 6. Presentation Web-switch, Content-switch 5. Session 4. Transport 3. Network Multi-Layer Switch 2. Data Link Switch 1. Physical Hub (e.g. load balancing) 5

6 Hubs and Switches Security in a LAN With a Switch Hosts only see traffic intended for them This is more secure, but not by much Network Switch ARP attacks can be used to capture traffic in switched networks Desktop PC Desktop PC Desktop PC Desktop PC Desktop PC 6

7 Hubs and Switches Security in a LAN With a Switch Hosts only see traffic intended for them This is more secure, but not by much Network Switch ARP attacks can be used to capture traffic in switched networks Desktop PC Desktop PC Attacker Desktop PC Desktop PC 7

8 MiM Attacks Man-in-the-Middle Attack on Two Hosts Compromising traffic between two hosts 8

9 MiM Attacks ARP Man-in-the-Middle Attack (2 hosts) A Who has IP ? ARP Request (broadcast) B Attacker

10 MiM Attacks ARP Man-in-the-Middle Attack (2 hosts) A A updates IP/MAC Cache I have IP ARP Reply with MAC address of B B Attacker

11 MiM Attacks ARP Man-in-the-Middle Attack (2 hosts) A Established Connection B Attacker

12 MiM Attacks ARP Man-in-the-Middle Attack (2 hosts) A A updates IP/MAC Cache Forged ARP Reply with MAC address of Attacker Established Connection Attacker My IP address is B

13 MiM Attacks ARP Man-in-the-Middle Attack (2 hosts) A My IP address is Established Connection Forged ARP Reply with MAC address of Attacker Attacker B B updates IP/MAC Cache 13

14 MiM Attacks ARP Man-in-the-Middle Attack (2 hosts) A B Compromised Connection Attacker

15 MiM Attacks MiM Attack on a Router Compromising traffic between all hosts in a local network and the outside world (e.g. Internet) 15

16 MiM Attacks Man-in-the-Middle Attack Router Internet (or remote LAN) LAN A B Attacker 16

17 MiM Attacks Man-in-the-Middle Attack Stage 1 IP/MAC Cache is updated and updating is disabled by attacker Router Internet (or remote LAN) LAN A B Many Forged ARP Requests with MAC address of Attacker who pretends to be all the computers in the LAN My IP is that of all A, B, C Attacker 17

18 MiM Attacks Man-in-the-Middle Attack Stage 1 Router Internet (or remote LAN) LAN A B Inbound Traffic Compromised Attacker 18

19 MiM Attacks Man-in-the-Middle Attack Stage 2 Router Internet (or remote LAN) LAN A IP/MAC Cache of all computers is updated by attacker B Many Forged ARP Requests With MAC address of Attacker who pretends to be the Router Inbound Traffic Compromised Attacker My IP is that of the Router 19

20 MiM Attacks Man-in-the-Middle Attack Router Internet (or remote LAN) LAN A B ALL Traffic Compromised Attacker 20

21 WLAN Security Deauthentication Attack Deauthentication Attack The link-layer of wireless networks is open to intrusions. 21

22 WLAN Security Deauthentication Attack Handshake Probe Request Probe Response Authentication Request Authentication Challenge Authentication Response Authentication Success Client Association Request Association Response Access Point Data Data Deauthentication Deauthentication 22

23 WLAN Security Deauthentication Attack Deauthentication Attack Data Client Intruder Data Deauthentication Access Point Deauthentication 23

24 WLAN Security Deauthentication Attack Goals of Deauthentication Attack DoS Attack: A flood of forged deauthentication frames causes some or all clients to disconnect from the AP even if they reconnect again. The WLAN is then essentially disabled WEP Cracking: In order to break the WEP encryption, the intruder forces the clients to deauthenticate so that it can observe authentication initialization vectors exchanged during reauthentication. 24

25 WLAN Security Deauthentication Attack Goals of Deauthentication Attack MiM Attack: The Man-in-the-Middle attack is performed by first forcing the clients to disconnect from an AP, and then using a fake WLAN with the same SSID. The traffic of clients that connected to the fake AP is then channeled through the intruder to steal data and credentials. 25

26 Man-in-the Middle Attacks Man-in-the Middle Attacks Can use ARP, DNS, WiFi or other protocols Encrypted connections like SSH or HTTPS hijacked via fake public keys (fake identity) Goals of MiM attacks: Capture login names and passwords Record or hijack connections both in a LAN and to the outside world 26

27 Man-in-the Middle Attacks Man-in-the Middle Attacks False feeling of security: Encrypted communication channels Switched networks Encrypted communications and switched networks do not protect us completely from MiM attacks! New: Quantum computers may soon decrypt secure connections that are captured now 27

28 Intrusion Detection Methods Detecting Network Intrusions Common detection methods: Data-mining Statistical modeling Neural networks Genetic algorithms Signature based approaches... 28

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