Investigations on TCP Behavior during Handoff
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1 Investigations on TCP Behavior during Handoff Thomas Schwabe, Jörg Schüler Technische Universität Dresden
2 Outlook 1. Transport Control Protocol - TCP Overview TCP versions 2. Simulation scenarios Local Handoff Vertical Handoff 3. Simulation results 4. Conclusions 2
3 Transport Control Protocol TCP most reliable best effort transport protocol in today s Internet reliable end-to-end transport positive acknowledgements detection of packet loss? retransmission end-to-end flow control avoid network congestion and system overload send packets with adaptive data rate packet loss = congestion 3
4 TCP Tahoe all four versions Slow Start, Congestion Avoidance Fast Retransmit Retransmission Timeout (RTO) TCP Tahoe: loss of packets - send all following packets after Fast Retransmit Slow Start same behavior like RTO, but no delay before the Slow Start 4
5 TCP Reno, TCP NewReno both support Fast Recovery different behavior, if more than one packet lost TCP Reno for each lost packet - three dup Acks necessary TCP NewReno after each Ack of a retransmitted packet send the following lost packet 5
6 TCP Sack Selective Acknowledgement (Sack) different Fast Recovery controls the retransmission of the second and the following lost packets 6
7 Model handoff in a cellular mobile network like GPRS/UMTS TCP Tahoe, TCP Reno, TCP NewReno, TCP Sack usage of flow control and packet forwarding different scenarios: Local Handoff Vertical Handoff with packet forwarding Vertical Handoff without packet forwarding 7
8 Local Handoff usage of the flow control loss of max. 6 packets big queue near the HA? MH receives all queued packets before the retransmitted packets CH - Correspondent Host, HA - Home Agent, FA - Foreign Agent, MH - Mobile Host 8
9 Vertical Handoff packet forwarding? packet reordering MH receives out of order packets loss of max.6 or all packets (with or without PF) CH - Correspondent Host, HA - Home Agent, FA - Foreign Agent, MH - Mobile Host 9
10 Simulations simulationtool ns2 MobileIPv4 architecture FTP connection from CH to MH (downlink) bandwidth of the wireless channel 20 kbit/s or 320 kbit/s errorless wireless channel without ARQ 10
11 TCP Tahoe - TCP Tahoe during Local Handoff with 20 kbit/s - duplicate packets = lost packets - 1 TCP sequencenumber time /s normal lost retransmit duplicate queued 11
12 TCP Sack - TCP Sack during Vertical Handoff without packet forwarding and 320kbit/s - RTO, if lost packets > cwnd? 0, TCP sequencenumber time /s normal lost retransmit duplicate old Ack 12
13 TCP NewReno TCP NewReno during Vertical Handoff with packet forwarding and 20kbit/s TCP sequencenumber time /s normal lost retransmit duplicate open wnd forward 13
14 Conclusions each TCP version experiences performance degradation best performance: Local Handoff worst case: Vertical Handoff without packet forwarding usage of packet forwarding number of duplicate packets minimized? mobile receives all forwarded packets before the last retransmitted packet SPF spurious packet filter no transmit of duplicate packets over wireless link (bottleneck) 14
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