Connecting the World:
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1 Connecting the World: A look inside Facebook s Networking Infrastructure Arun Moorthy arunm@fb.com
2 about:me B. Tech CSE - Indian Institute of Technology, 1997 MSCS, University of North Carolina, 1999 Current: Facebook Inc, ( ) Engg. Mgr on Network Team: Load-balancing, Transport Security Previous: Intel Corp, Nexsi Systems, Microsoft Corp, !
3 Agenda Challenges Facebook s Global Network Software Load Balancing POP Network Architecture Data Center Networking Concluding Remarks
4 The Challenges 1.4+ Billion users 1+ Tb/s egress 4B+ video views/day 1+ Million Requests/sec Worldwide user-base (80+% users outside US and Canada) Highly available + reliable
5 Did I mention Highly Available?
6 Datacenter
7 Datacenter
8 Datacenter Edge PoP
9 Datacenter Edge PoP
10 International RTT circa 11/2011
11 Seoul -> Oregon TCP Connect: 150ms
12 HTTPS Seoul -> Oregon 75ms TCP conn established: 150 SYN ACK ClientHello SYN+ACK ServerHello SSL session established: 450 ChangeCipherSpec ChangeCipherSpec Response Received 600 GET HTTP 1.1
13 Seoul -> Tokyo -> Oregon TCP Connect: 30ms SSL Session:?? HTTP Response:?? NRT
14 HTTPS Seoul->Tokyo->Oregon 15ms 60ms Sessions established: 90 ms (vs 450 ms) Request Received GET GET Response Received: 240 HTTP 1.1 HTTP
15 Seoul -> Oregon TCP Connect: 150ms 30ms 90ms SSL Session: 450ms 240ms HTTP Response: 600ms NRT
16 POP
17 POP Cluster TCP Routing (ip/port) TCP/SSL HTTP L4LB POP L7LB CDN
18 DC POP
19 DC Cluster TCP Routing (ip/port)! L4LB TCP/SSL HTTP L7LB HHVM CDN STORAGE
20 Benefits of the Edge Reduced latencies (Edge Termination) Caching static content (CDN)
21 Sonar: Measuring Closeness SEA ORD NRT HKG LAX
22 Cartographer Internet ISP DNS resolver Facebook capacity resolvers/latency cartographer DNS map DNS Server routing health offline processing
23 Proxygen HTTP Framework High-performance C++ Server & Client Customizable Forward/Reverse Proxy Open-source Mobile Proxygen: Cross-platform Deep instrumentation Modular components: DNS TCP TLS HTTP SPDY
24 And More Shiv: L4 Load-balancer based on IPVS + python Edge-Fabric: Intelligent Interface utilization in POPs FB CDN: BigCache
25 Previous PoP Architecture Backbone Routers Peering Routers Links to FB Backbone Links to ISPs
26 Previous PoP Architecture Backbone Routers Peering Routers Links to FB Backbone Links to ISPs
27 Fabric-style PoP Architecture Backbone Routers Peering Routers Links to FB Backbone Peering/Transit Links PSW PSW PSW PSW
28 Edge Cluster Upgrade ~2X Gb/s 1X Gb/s
29 Rise of data center network Machine-to-Machine Machine-to-User
30 The 4-post cluster - our old design TOR switch 4 x Large Cluster Core Switches igp = BGP Rack Switches Server Rack
31 Box size limited cluster size TOR switch 4 x Large Cluster Core Switches igp = BGP Rack Switches Server Rack
32 Cluster size limited application size major tiers are pushing the limits of cluster size Overall Hadoop Frontend Service Cache DB Intra-Rack Intra-Cluster Intra-DC Inter-DC
33 The Vision: The Whole Data Center, Redone.
34 The topology Facebook Fabric: an innovative network topology for data centers
35 The Fabric: one datacenter-wide network Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster
36 The Fabric: one datacenter-wide network TOR switch = fabric infra switches Server Rack small & simple boxes
37 Server Pod: a [small] unit of deployment 4 fabric switches spine planes rack switches pods pods interconnected by parallel spines
38 Many paths between servers Server equal performance paths Server
39 Advantages of Fabric Modular/scalable building block More bandwidth capacity - future proof Distributed load Resilient to failures Individual devices and links are not important
40 The top-of-rack switch Facebook Wedge
41
42 The top-of-rack switch Facebook Wedge
43 The software FBOSS:Facebook Open Switching System
44 FBOSS
45 6-pack - Core/Spine Switch
46 6-pack Switch First open hardware modular switching platform! 128x40GE non-blocking switch! Runs FBOSS over Linux! Modular! 12 independent Wedges! 4 fabric, 8 front-panel! 100G ready
47 Data Center Networking Summary FBOSS & BMC 1! From Wedge 2! We built 6-pack 3! FBOSS! & BMC 4! 5! OCP based! Open hardware eco system & software
48 Summary Facebook s network infrastructure Datacenters, Edge, CDN, Data Center Networking Redefined Software & Hardware Open Modular Ready for experimentation!
49 For more information
50 TRUE, OPEN NETWORK SW ECOSYSTEM
51
52 Backup
53 Traffic Characteristics
54 Weekly Cycle Egress Ingress 7 Days
55 Daily Cycle Egress 11 3 PM 24 hours
56 Sum of timezones Canada United Kingdom Indonesia 7 PM 9 AM 24 hours
57 Load-balancing: Deep Dive
58 FB Request -- one web server rps = requests per second www? A GET / DNS <html>... www? HHVM low rps how do we get more rps?!
59 Add a load balancer! rps = requests per second www? A DNS www? GET / <html>... L7LB (proxygen) GET / <html>... PHP PHP HHVM lots more rps low rps how do we get more rps?!
60 Add another load balancer! www? DNS www? GET / <html>... A L4LB (shiv) GET / <html>... L7LB (proxygen L7LB (proxygen L7LB (proxygen GET / <html>... PHP PHP PHP PHP HHVM network bound lots more rps low rps how do we get more rps?!
61 Add another load balancer! ECMP www? A DNS GET / <html>... L4LB L4LB (shiv) (shiv) network bound GET / <html>... L7LB (proxygen L7LB (proxygen L7LB (proxygen L7LB (proxygen lots more rps GET / <html>... PHP PHP PHP PHP HHVM PHP PHP PHP PHP HHVM low rps
62 Front end Cluster ~10 ~100 Thousands
63 cont. x 10 or more
64 w More RPS? Add another cluster! www? A DNS GET / <html>... L4LB L4LB (shiv) (shiv) GET / <html>... L7LB (proxygen L7LB (proxygen L7LB (proxygen GET / <html>... PHP PHP HHVM GET / <html>... L4LB L4LB (shiv) (shiv) GET / <html>... L7LB (proxygen L7LB (proxygen L7LB (proxygen GET / <html>... PHP PHP HHVM how do we get more rps?!
65 Add another datacenter! www? A DNS w G G G < < < G G G < < < G G G < < < G G G < < < G G G < < < G G G < < <
66 L4LB BGP ECMP Hash L4LB L4LB State Table + Hash L7LB L7LB L7LB L7LB
67 L4LB Routing ECMP Hash A D L4LB L4LB State Table + Hash L7LB L7LB L7LB L7LB
68 L4LB Routing ECMP Hash A D L4LB L4LB A State Table + Hash L7LB L7LB L7LB L7LB
69 L4LB Routing ECMP Hash B L4LB L4LB State Table + Hash L7LB L7LB L7LB L7LB
70 L4LB Routing ECMP Hash B L4LB L4LB State Table + Hash L7LB L7LB L7LB L7LB
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