Internet, Education, and Collaboration of USP. Kazunori Sugiura Sept 9 th 2002

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1 Internet, Education, and Collaboration of USP Kazunori Sugiura Sept 9 th 2002

2 Last lecture in USP Importance of better internet connectivity What kind of problem do we have Discuss Solution Look ahead

3 The reason I like USP Has a good network infrastructure backgrounds Mixture of countries, cultures Thinking globally I like students here I love the environments Tropical Good food good fruits Kava But I think some thing should be done to a network!

4 Q. What do you think is a problem with network infrastructure in USP?

5 Importance of Better Internet Connectivity Base infrastructure of Knowledge Communication Relationship Dissertation

6 Why it works? Reliability Better communication reliability Robustness Autonomous, Distributed, Collaborated Scalability Best Effort Layering Model End to End Model Congestion Management

7 Network design What is it for? What kind of network are we thinking? Education, Research, communication, and Management Distance education capability How big is it? USP has 12 cooperated countries How much money we can spare? Who is going to manage it? USP How about expandability? Let s look ahead for 5 years?

8 Local Communications Intranet usability BBS, s webtc, internal web, Sharing files Sharing printers Global communication Global communications Distance education infrastructure Mails to the Internet Access to web resource VoIP Extranet E-commerce

9 Scale How many computers are we connecting to the networks? Cabling How much cables do we need Hubs, switches What should we do with dumb Hubs? Using switches Addressing IP address Sub networks DHCP, NAT, Security NAT, Firewalls Power supply issues

10 Goals? For Intranet (Campus LANs) High bandwidth video conference DVTS MPEG2TS For inter island and internet connection Better quality of video conference to USP over IP Enabling videos and audio over the internet Powers USP to main routers, switches

11 Ways of communications

12 Ways of connecting networks Star Ring Bus Tree Mesh

13 Uni-cast communications Network Talking personally

14 Multicast Network Talking to group of people

15 Broadcast Network Talk to all the people

16 Circuit Exchange ex. Analog telephone Talk to each other with circuits (virtual circuits). Exclusive dedicated line.

17 Packet exchange (Internet) Send chunks of data (packets) in shared networks Shares same pipes, when its not crowded, its smooth When crowded, may be jammed

18 Next Generation USPNet Fast, Reliable networks Fault redundancy Multiple homing Distance education awareness New Technology

19 What is the bandwidth? Which road is faster and has capacity?

20 Bandwidth More lanes, more cars. 100 cars in one lane = traffic jams 100 cars in 4 lanes = no problem Bandwidth = traffic lanes Traffic jams are called congestion

21 Congestion Internet connection of USP USP 512K Internet Connection

22 Congestion mechanism Gateway / Router Drop

23 End application based packet shaping (Avoiding burst traffic) Application End application Large packet buffer pool

24 Jitter caused by priority mismatch Application Sender host Audio packet Video packet Waiting for audio packet

25 Separation of packet Application Sender host Audio queue Audio Packet Video packet Video queue Priority audio packet

26 TCP+UDP Traffic TCP sender packets TCP packet UDP packet congestion UDP sender packets

27 TCP+UDP Traffic TCP sender packets TCP packet UDP packet congestion UDP sender packets

28 TCP+UDP Traffic TCP sender packets Decrease packets to avoid congestion TCP packet UDP packet UDP sender packets

29 TCP+UDP Traffic TCP sender packets Decrease packets to avoid congestion TCP packet UDP packet UDP sender packets Rate will not change (No congestion avoidance)

30 TCP+UDP Traffic TCP sender packets Decrease packets to avoid congestion TCP packet UDP packet UDP sender packets Rate will not change (No congestion avoidance)

31 By S. Floyd Maximum throughput availability of TCP TCP friendly traffic T : Traffics B : Packet size p : Packet losses R : RTT

32 Remote connection Leased line connection issues

33 Leased line configuration Using 64K + 128K leased line 128K for video conference 64K for internet 8K reserved for phones 8K reserved for audio system Rest for internet Using 256K leased line with rate control 128K resource when video conference is used Connecting internet phone Rest for internet

34 Network configuration Cisco 1700 Router PCs PCs PCs PCs PCs PCs PCs Subnet1 ( /27 ) Video Conference Management Subnet2 ( /24) VoIP (Internet phone) WE need to replace some hubs to switches

35 Difference between hubs and HUBS switches Computers UPLINK

36 Difference between hubs and Switches switches Computers UPLINK

37 Individual switch at every room NOC switch Switch subnet2 wireless

38 Port VLANs Port virtual networks Port vlan capable switch VLAN ID /22 VLAN ID /22 VLAN ID /22 UPLINK

39 Tagged VLANs Virtual networks Tag capable switch Tag ID /22 Tag ID /22 Tag ID /22 UPLINK

40 Cabling issues

41 EIA/TIA-568B Cables Cables we need to think about Category Use Bandwidth Cat 1 Analog phone lines 1Mbps Cat 2 4Mbps Token Ring 4Mbps Cat 3 10BASE-T 10Mbps Cat 4 16Mbps Token Ring 20Mbps Cat 5 100BASE-TX 100Mbps Cat 5E 1000BASE-TX 1000Mbps Cat BASE-TX~ 1000Mbps~ Cat BASE-TX~ 1000Mbps~ We are Mixed!

42 EIA/TIA-568B Length Maximum recommended cable length 90m Patch cables 6m Work areas 3m

43 BACKBONE Telecom Fiji and Fiji Government

44 Southern Cross Networks 16Wave/Fiber 3 pair Fiber Total: 480G 5827Km 16Wave/Fiber 3 pair Fiber Total: 480G Kahe point 454Km 16Wave/Fiber 4 pair Fiber Total: 640G 4670Km 4127Km Spencer Beach 1601Km 16Wave/Fiber 4 pair Fiber Total: 640G Hillsboro 349Km 1593Km San Jose Morro Bay Brookvale Alexandria 16Wave/Fiber 3 pair Fiber Total: 480G DF 3534Km 31Km Suva 16Wave/Fiber 3 pair Fiber Total: 480G 2240Km 15Km Whennuapal DF 7995Km 16Wave/Fiber 3 pair Fiber Total: 480G Takapuna 16Wave/Fiber 3 Fiber Total: 480G

45 Optical fiber around the globe

46 D-WDM: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Send multiple waves in single fiber Wave1 Wave2 Wave3 t t t Wave1 Wave2 Wave3 t t t Different reflection for different wave Difference in reach ability time Source: t

47 Wireless networks b, a, g Seamless wireless connectivity inside the campus Wireless 1 Wireless 4 Wireless 2 Wireless 3 Wireless 4 Wireless 3 Wireless 3 Wireless 1 USP Wireless 4 Wireless 2 Wireless 2 Wireless 1 4 color problems

48 OSI Layer model data restoring Encoding packet packet frame signal All we see is an application layer and physical layer

49 OSI Layer and packet Transmission Each layer adds necessary information and delivers it to the lower layer Receiver Layer Info. Each layer processes the data within the information, Data Application restores it, and Application passes to Data the upper layer TCP UDP TCP UDP IP Network Interface Physical Transmit node IP Network Interface Physical Receiver node

50 Actual Layering model インターネット Religion / God Society / Political の基本的概念 Realistic Layer Religion / God Society / Political Person Person Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data link Physical Traditional OSI Layer Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data link Physical

51 1) Physical Layer Physical Signal transport line Strength of signal Encoding modulation Media Fibers, copper wires, AC outlet, satellites, wireless ITU-T, ISO Specifications X.25,IEEE,ATM,ISDN Fibers: SONET,FDH

52 2) Data Link Layer Protocol specification for sending packet to physical communication medium Synchronous, transmission control CSMA/CD Identification MAC Address MAC Address Error Correction CRC Checksum

53 3) Network Layer Unaware of physical lines, considering point to point transmission through the whole internet. IPv4,IPv6 Unique address Routing

54 4) Transport layer Inter process communication specification for each node (host) TCP,UDP Service identification inside the node (port)

55 5) Session Layer Layer specification of session (from beginning of communication and the end) Finite State Machine Initilize State, *** State, etc RPC (Remote Procedure Call) Generally application handles the session

56 6) Presentation Layer Specification of presentation of data communicated by session layer( coding, encryption) Byte order Least/Most Significant Bit (LSB/MSB) Htonl (), Htons () Generally, application handles the presentation of data.

57 7) Application Layer For communication between application Format HTTP, FTP

58 8) People Layer Protocol between human communication Language

59 9) Society / Political Layer Protocol specification between society, organization. Demands, morals,

60 10) Religions / Gods layer Protocol between philosophical, Religion

61 World are connected with IP HTTP FTP DNS HTTP FTP DNS TCP UDP TCP UDP IP IP IP IP LAN WAN LAN The Internet

62 Petrified architecture Class Used with networks without subnet Sometimes used with ab. Class D 224 Class E 240 Class C 192 Class A Class B Class A Large scale networks machines Class B medium scale networks 台分 machines Class C small scale networks 256 台分 machines Class D reserved for Multicast Class E reserved for test

63 Private IP Address For used with connection without external network, experimental network NAT (NetworkAddressTranslator) Class A Class B Class C

64 New IP Technology, IPv6 Ver Class Payload Length Flow Label Next Header Hop Limit Source Address (128bits) Destination Address (128bits) (Optional Headers) Data

65 Before I Finish Without your help, USP will not improve Good environment = good research Good food = good research Good people = good research Good collaboration = good research Thank you very much

66 See you again!

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