National conference on Data Communications held in CSIO Chandigarh, April 7-8, 2000

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1 National conference on Data Communications held in CSIO Chandigarh, April 7-8, 2000 Noor Jahan Haque Associate Lecturer IETE Institute of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Chandigarh Prepared by Raman K. Attri (Sr Scientist, CSIO Chandigarh) Noor Jahan Haque (Associate Lecturer, IETE Chandigarh)

2 Communication Software Areas to be covered Overview of Data Communication Role of Data Communication Software Functional Aspects of Data Communication Software

3 Data Communication Overview Transportation of Information from one point to another through a communication medium Inherently linked with computers and transmission of data over the network through the communication media

4 Evolution of Data Communication Huge development in PC + Network Technologies

5 Advantages of Data Communication Efficient use of large computers improves the monitoring projects provides various value added services

6 Result of Data Communication Technology information superhighway for free accessibility and communicability for common utilities i and services

7 Components of Data Communication Data Source Data Sink Communication Media Controlling Communication Software Source Commn Media Sink Communication Software

8 Data Source Originator of Information It can be a PC, server, remote terminal, satellite or a machine Convert the data into the format suitable for transmission under the control of communication software

9 Data Sink Receiver of information It can be a computer or a terminal connected to source Receives the signal, decodes into bits, assembles the group of bits and recreate the originally transmitted information

10 Communication Media Glues the source and sink together for information exchange It can be direct cable (in LAN), modem through h telephone line (in WAN), satellite, optical fiber, cellular connection

11 Communication Interface In network configuration both source and sink are PC, termed as Data Terminal Equipment (DTE). Two DTE (Source and Sink ) are connected through an interface termed as Data Communication Equipment DCE can be a modem, Ethernet card or VSAT

12 Communication Software(Transmitter) Communication Software (Receiver) Data Source DTE DCE Communication Media DCE Data Sink DTE PC Modem/VSAT/Ethernet Card PC

13 Conversion of Data into Signal DCE Converts Digital Data from DTE into a signal suitable for transmission & vice versa conversion from Digital to Analog & vice versa in modem Parallel l to serial & vice versa in LAN Networks)

14 DCE and Communication Software DCE works in close association with Communication Software at DTE to perform the sophisticated functions: efficient i data flow between the two ends Establishment of the physical connection between the two end points Transmission and receipt of all digital information through the physical circuit Conversion form Digital to analog and vice versa Error Detection and correction Monitoring i and Diagnosing i of equipment faults

15 Data Communication Software It is a computer program required on DTE (PC) to bridge the gap and interpret the bits/bytes that are transmitted via the communication media through the interface Core of Data Communication is Communication Software Responsible for controlling data formatting, data transmission, and total communication control May completely l resides on central PC or part of it may be located on the front end communication PC, a concentrator, remote concentrator or in intelligent terminals

16 Significance of Data Communication Software Defines the communication parameters Controls the user accessibility to information optimal configuration of communication hardware effective utilization of network resources

17 Functions of Communication Software Transmission initiation and termination Establishment of logical connections over physical line Message Assembly and De assembly Data Transmission & receipt Code conversion Error Detection Data Editing Control Character Recognition Data Delivery and output Transmission monitoring and maintenance

18 Communication Software Design Consideration Software Design to be based on principles of modularity, hierarchy and generality Design of communication i software is done in form of layers, each layer having different functions Communication Software design follows a standard approach having set of procedures or rules called protocols

19 Communication Software Design Consideration Multi dimensional study is involved in the design of communication software The design depends upon equipment DTE ( terminal controller, concentrator, switch or host PC) that would be connected. Characteristics of communication media with respect to probability of error and its remedy measures Complexity of Software depends upon the complexity of networks

20 Data Communication Protocols Protocols are the set of rules or the procedure which are followed by communicating devices while exchanging the data (example telephone conversation) Protocols provide the standardization and flexible interconnection of communication among different platforms and different kinds of PCs

21 Data Communication Protocols Internals Data Communication Protocols can be either Bit Oriented or Byte oriented Bit oriented protocol transmit data in batches of any length upto specified number Byte oriented protocol transmit data in 8 bit blocks

22 Role of Layering in Protocol Design Protocol is a Collection of Rules for physical establishment of calls, identification, transmission of data, acknowledge ment & termination Protocol is meant For universal standardization of information exchange over the PC from different vendors, platforms and network configuration Protocol is designed in forms of layer. Each layer is a specific piece of software following some pre defined rules of functioning.

23 Role of Layering in Protocol Design Unique functions or process are designated to different layers in a communication protocol and layers in conjunction provide the efficient i communication. i Layers of Data communication software ensure that the data is physically transmitted & user receives it with no errors OSI model based on seven layers enable development of a standard d that would facilitate a flexible interconnection of systems using data communication facilities

24 OSI layers of Communication Protocol Physical layer Data link layer Network layer Transport layer Session layer Presentation layer (interconnection through physical media) (control error free transmission over physical layer) (control efficient routing and paths in the network) (control data transportability from system to system) (control dialog communication session) (control representation &manipulation of data) Application layer (control user interface )

25 Data Transmission Error Data while being transmitted may suffer damage, error due to the characteristics of the transmission medium or due to external disturbances Almost all the Communication channels are very error prone to less or more extent t Even if a bit is erroneous, the whole of the character is lost Quality of communication channel is measured by percentage of characters transmitted correctly

26 Data Error Recovery through DCS Recovery methods are must for efficient data communication Protocol technique ensure that information is transmitted only and only when communication channel is free and the appropriate terminal devices are ready to receive Communication software include the method of capturing the error at initial level and request transmitter to retransmit the lost bit Communication Software include the error detection and correction algorithms

27 About the author Noor Jahan Haque earned her Masters in Information technology in She served at IETE as associate faculty from Raman K. Attri, Masters in Technology (Applied Electronics) served as senior scientist at CSIO Chandigarh from His specialization is in Instrumentation systems.

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