OPENSDNCORE RELEASE 4. Use cases
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1 OPENSDNCORE RELEASE 4 Use cases
2 AGENDA q Service Function Chaining q Tunneling with OpenSDNCore q Queues and Metering for QoS q Full Mesh Routing q Adaptive Flow Placement q Labeling q LoadBalancing 2
3 OPENSDNCORE SERVICE FUNCTION CHAINING SFC Manager extended Northbound API future versions of OpenBaton OpenSDNCore Controller extended OpenFlow protocol Access Network OpenSDNCore Switch (Classifier) OpenSDNCore Switch (SFF) Internet Northbound OpenFlow Controller connection OpenFlow Controller connection Virtual or physical network connection Traffic flow along the SFC Service Function Service Function 3
4 SWITCH EXTENSION: SERVICE FUNCTION CHAINING Open Flow experimenter Messages for SFC control Additional SFC Table to store encapsulation information NSH Params (ID, Index, Metadata) Outer Encapsulation Open Flow experimenter actions push_nsh & pop_nsh OpenFlow Channel Controller OpenFlow Protocol Pipeline SFC Table Group Table Execute Instructions Packets Flow Table Flow Table Packets 4
5 OPENSDNCORE SERVICE FUNCTION CHAINING SFP instantiation: Classification SFC Table entry, containing NSH and transport encapsulation data Flow entry matching on header fields Client A Controller Classifier 1.Create SFP 3. Add flow to SFP 2.Create SFP (NSH_Id / Index) OK 4.Add Flow (TFT, Classify: NSH_Id) Success 5. Ethernet frame to Client B 6. Classify & Encapsulate 7. Forward to SFF 5
6 OPENSDNCORE SERVICE FUNCTION CHAINING SFP instantiation: Classification Flow Table Entry SFP Table Entry Classification Encapsulation List of oxm_ofb_match_fields List of OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS OFPEXPAT_PUSH_NSH SFP ID NSH header List of transport headers Forwarding List of OFPIT_WRITE_ACTIONS OFPAT_OUTPUT 6
7 OPENSDNCORE SERVICE FUNCTION CHAINING SFP Forwarding Flow entries matching on: SFP ID, SFP Index, [other OF_match fields] Client A Controller Classifier SFF SF A Client B 1. Add Flow (NSH_Id / Index) -> Forward to SF OK 2. Add Flow (NSH_Id / Index-1) -> Decapsulate, Forward to Client B OK 3. Ethernet frame to Host B 4. Classify 5. Forward to SF 6. Apply service 7. Return to SFF 8. Decapsulate 9. Forward to Client B 7
8 OPENSDNCORE SERVICE FUNCTION CHAINING SF Proxying Controller Classifier SFF ServiceFunction Host B 1.Create SFP 2.Create SFP (NSH_Id / Index) OK 3.Add Flow (NSH_Id / Index) -> Decapsulate, Forward to SF OK 4.Create SFP (NSH_Id / Index) OK 5.Add Flow (NSH_Id / Index-1) -> Decapsulate, Forward to Host B OK 6. Add flow to SF P 7.Add Flow (TFT, Classify: NSH_Id) Success Add Flow 8. Ethernet frame to Host B 9. Classify 10. Forward to SF 11. Return to SFF Apply service, reduce NSH Index Forward to HostB
9 TUNNELING WITH OPENSDNCORE OpenFlow specification suggests to use Logical Ports for the implementation of encapsulation the requirement for the tunnels originates from the integration of SDN into OpenEPC Logical ports act as usual ports identified with an port ID to achive the tunnel encapsulation a cascade of tables has to ne performed before the packet is forwarded typically tunnel encapsulation acts on Layer 3 but it can also work on layer 2 - the only difference is that you have to take care of the L2 information (ethernet header) 9
10 TUNNELING WITH MININET create topology with mininet using predefined topology file (topotunnel-2sw-2hosts.py) Switch Rules: Uplink: 1. match: all incoming packets with in_port=1 action: set tunnel_id=2, instruction: forward to port encap_gtp 2. match: all packets coming from port encap_gtp, action: set field (ethernet addresses) instruction: forward to port 2 Downlink: 1. match: all incoming packets with in_port=2 instruction: forward to port decap_gtp 2. match: all packets coming from port decap_gtp, action: set field (ethernet addresses) instruction: forward to port 1 10
11 PGW AND SGW SPLIT SDN Evolved Packet Core HSS MME PCRF S-GW Controller P-GW Controller enodeb S-GW datapath P-GW datapath Packet Data Network UE Control Plane Data Plane 11
12 PGWU SGWU FLOW TABLE CONFIGURATION 12
13 AGENDA q Service Function Chaining q Tunneling with OpenSDNCore q Queues and Metering for QoS q Full Mesh Routing q Adaptive Flow Placement q Labeling q LoadBalancing 13
14 METERING A meter measures the rate of packets assigned to it and enables controlling the rate of those packets. "the meter measures and controls the rate of the aggregate of all flow entries to which it is attached current meter implementation uses token bucket filter to achieve the bandwidth limitation 14
15 METERING IN THE SWITCH 15
16 QUEUES - providing QoS meaning rate limitation for a specific flow - OpenFlow standard rate definition - In 1/10 of a percent;; >1000 -> disabled - if queues are used, each Queue has a default one with number 0 - additional Queues can be configured simmilar to the follwoing example <Interface id="2" name="net_d"> <Queue id="1" minrate="100" maxrate="200"/> <Queue id="2" minrate="200" maxrate="300"/> </Interface> - with using the action set-queue, a flow outputs the matching packets inside this queue Example Flow: "ofp_instructions": {"write_actions": [{"set_queue": {"queue_id":"0x01"} }] } 16
17 AGENDA q Service Function Chaining q Tunneling with OpenSDNCore q Queues and Metering for QoS q Full Mesh Routing q Adaptive Flow Placement q Labeling q LoadBalancing 17
18 LEARNING SWITCH is a typical test case for validating the controlling functions of a controller learning switch is a link layer based mac learning application the function of this controller application is to learn the mac address by arrival on the ports of the switches the result of this learning process is a list of MAC addresses to source ports in difference to a traditional switch the mac table is not constructed in the forwarding device itself but on the centralized controller 18
19 LEARNING SWITCH WORKING FLOW 1 1. Host A floods an ARP request to determine the MAC address of IP B. 2. The Switch receives the ARP request from A on port 1 and report to the controller with a Packet-In message 3. The controller learns from the packet header that MAC A lies in port 1, and thus install a new entry in the switch flow table, saying that all traffic towards MAC A should be forwarded to port The controller sends a Packet-Out message to let the switch flood the ARP request 5. The switch floods the ARP request to all its ports 6. Host B receives the ARP request and answers with an ARP reply 7. The Switch receives the ARP reply from B on port 2 and report to the controller with a Packet-In message 8. The controller learns from the packet header that MAC B lies in port 2, and thus install a new entry in the switch flow table, saying that all traffic towards MAC B should be forwarded to port The controller sends a Packet-Out message to let the switch output the ARP reply to A on port 1. 19
20 LEARNING SWITCH WORKING FLOW Host A receives the ARP reply and learns that MAC B has IP B 11. Host A issues a ping operation towards IPB 12. The switch receives the ping request with MAC destination MAC B, after lookup on the flow table, it forwards the packet to port Host B receives the ping request and answers with a ping reply 14. The switch receives the ping reply with MAC destination MacA, after lookup on the flow table, it forwards the packet to port 1 20
21 LEARNING SWITCH COMMUNICATION 21
22 AGENDA q Service Function Chaining q Tunneling with OpenSDNCore q Queues and Metering for QoS q Full Mesh Routing q Adaptive Flow Placement q Labeling q LoadBalancing 22
23 MAC BASED ROUTING building a switched network and provide source and destination of L2 and L3 to each other hosts is easily done with tunneling (encapsulating the whole L2/L3 information als the way) solutions in this regards are present with LISP, VLAN, GRE to achieve an overlay network to eliminate the tunneling MAC based routing can be used The goal is to get a highly scaled network that can be routed with a minimum of routing information that need to be published. (Only the edge switches need to create a IP-MAC translation) 23
24 24
25 FULL MESH - TOPOLOGY 25
26 1. h1 broadcasts an ARP Request 2. s1 forwards every ARP Request to the Controller 3. The controller knows the topology of the network and only sends packets to links that are not listed as switch links (connecting to another switch). The ARP request is forwarded to h2 and h3. 4. h2 responds to the ARP Request with a ARP Response 5. s3 sends the response to the Controller. The controller keeps a list of hosts/mac/ip/dpid internally to configure the network accordingly. 6. the controller knows where to forward the ARP Response 26
27 AGENDA q Service Function Chaining q Tunneling with OpenSDNCore q Queues and Metering for QoS q Full Mesh Routing q Adaptive Flow Placement q Labeling q LoadBalancing 27
28 FACTS is a controller functionality that allows flow deployment in highly dynamic environments the flow placement is no longer static but relies on the link metrics can be calculated based on different quality indicator used bandwidth link error or link failure latency adaptive flow placement consists of two main components: the shortest path algorithm the labeling mechanism 28
29 SHORTEST PATH ALGORITHM the shortest path algorithm is based on Dijkstra 29
30 LABELING MECHANISM labeling mechanism is a substitution of the whole flow definition in the sdn network it enables routing with different labels, currently implemented MAC based routing 30
31 ACCESS POINT MOBILITY SUPPORT Towards Software Defined Mobility OpenSDNCore + Mesh Networks can simplify wireless networks and support a better communication between different infrastructure nodes further benefits: - E.g. in dense urban areas it is feasible to plan and deploy mobile Access Points (APs) where they are currently needed - No absolute location of the mobile APs implicate a more flexible mobility management (per flow basis) in wireless networks - Mobility moves to the mesh edges - flow-based operations contribute significantly to load balancing of the radio 31 Fraunhofer FOKUS
32 DISTRIBUTED SDN CONTROLLER Semi-centralized SDN Backhaul Controller - Controller-to-controller communication - Multiple Meshflow controllers are serving independent geographical regions - Centralized SDN concept harmonizes well with the centralized RAN concept - both environments support the OpenFlow 1.4 protocol Meshflow Controller Meshflow Controller Meshflow Controller Meshflow Controller 32 Fraunhofer FOKUS
33 MANAGING FLEXIBLE BACKHAULS 33 Fraunhofer FOKUS
34 AGENDA q Service Function Chaining q Tunneling with OpenSDNCore q Queues and Metering for QoS q Full Mesh Routing q Adaptive Flow Placement q Labeling q LoadBalancing 34
35 MOTIVATION 1. MPLS is a critically important for ISPs to provide services such as: - traffic enginering - L2 and L3 entrerprise VPNs 2. in traditional networks MPLS is still a vendor dependent additional feature that is: - complex - energy hogging - requires expensive core router 35
36 MPLS VLAN SUPPORT 1. standard compliant MPLS and VLAN header Support - push/pop MPLS and VLAN headers - set_field MPLS Label, VLAN VID - set MPLS TTL - decrement MPLS TTL - set_field MPLS TC, MPLS BOS 36
37 AGENDA q Service Function Chaining q Tunneling with OpenSDNCore q Queues and Metering for QoS q Full Mesh Routing q Adaptive Flow Placement q Labeling q LoadBalancing 37
38 LOADBALANCING 38
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