Computer Networking: Internet and beyond
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1 Computer Networking: Internet and beyond Hongwei Zhang Acknowledgement: this lecture is partially based on the slides of Dr. James Kurose, and Dr. Keith Ross
2 Outline Applications History Future
3 Well-known network applications WWW Video conference
4 Cool internet appliances Web-enabled toaster + weather forecaster IP picture frame World s smallest web server Internet phones
5 History, development, and future?
6 Internet History : Early packet-switching principles 1961: Kleinrock - queueing theory shows effectiveness of packetswitching 1964: Baran - packet-switching for secure voice over military nets (in real-world systems) : NCP (Network Control Protocol): first host-host protocol ARPAnet has 15 nodes; ARPAnet public demonstration; first program 1967: ARPAnet conceived by Advanced Research Projects Agency (Kleinrock s colleagues at MIT) 1969: first ARPAnet node operational (at UCLA), and three added soon after
7 Internet History : Internetworking, new and proprietary nets 1970: ALOHAnet satellite network in Hawaii 1976: Ethernet at Xerox PARC (for shared broadcast networks) late70 s: proprietary architectures: DECnet, SNA (IBM), XNA 1974: Cerf and Kahn - architecture for interconnecting networks ACM Turing Award 2005 Cerf and Kahn s internetworking principles: minimalism, autonomy - no internal changes required to interconnect networks best effort service model stateless routers decentralized control defined today s Internet architecture 1979: ARPAnet has 200 nodes
8 Internet History : new protocols, a proliferation of networks 1983: deployment of TCP/IP (all Internet nodes change from NCP to TCP/IP in the same day!) 1982: SMTP protocol defined 1983: DNS defined for name-to- IP-address translation New national networks: BITnet, CSnet, NSFnet, Minitel (France) 100,000 hosts connected to confederation of networks Role of Wayne State University in initiating the Internet? 1985: FTP protocol defined 1988: TCP congestion control
9 Internet History 1990, 2000 s: commercialization, the Web, new apps Early 1990 s: ARPAnet decommissioned; MILNET, Defense Data Networks, etc. (for Department of Defense) 1991: NSF lifts restrictions on commercial use of NSFnet; decommissioned in 1995, commercial ISPs early 1990s: Web hypertext [Bush 1945, Nelson 1960 s] 1989: HTML, HTTP: Berners-Lee Late 1990 s 2000 s: more killer apps: instant messaging, P2P file sharing network security to forefront est. 50 million host, 100 million+ users backbone links running at Gbps 1994: Mosaic, later Netscape late 1990 s: commercialization of the Web
10 Q: where is it heading for?
11 Leonard Kleinrock's vision (keynote at IEEE INFOCOM 06) Current Internet lacks support for Mobility Security Future Nomadic computing Smart spaces/smart Nets Ubiquitous computing Convergence Software agents
12 An Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
13 Retrospect on computing & networking ENIAC: first computer (1945) Apple II: first successful PC (1977) Laptop, PDA (1979 -) First computer network (1969) Internet, wireless
14 ? What if Computing & Networking + Sensing & Control? Ubiquitous & fine-grained sensing & control
15 Sensor nodes A XSM sensor node (2004) 8MHz CPU, 4KB RAM, 128KB ROM Chipcon CC1000 radio: 19.2 kbps Infrared, acoustic, and magnetic sensors Sounder Many more ( )
16 Wireless sensor networks: innovative ways of interacting with the world Science: ecology, seismology, oceanography Engineering: industrial automation, precision agriculture, structural monitoring Daily life: traffic control, health care, home security, disaster recovery, virtual tour
17 Tiny computers that constantly monitor ecosystems, buildings, and even human bodies could turn science on its head. Nature, March 2006 The use of sensornets throughout society could well dwarf previous milestones in information revolution. National Research Council report, 2001
18 Humidity vs. Time Rel Humidity (%) Sensor networks of today Temperature vs. Time /7/03 9:40 7/7/03 13:41 7/7/03 17:43 7/7/03 21:45 8/7/03 1:47 8/7/03 5:49 8/7/03 9:51 8/7/03 13:53 8/7/03 17:55 8/7/03 21:57 9/7/03 1:59 9/7/03 6:01 9/7/03 10:03 Date Redwood ecophysiology Wind response of Golden Gate Bridge Intruder detection, classification, and tracking
19 ExScal Field project to study scalability of middleware and applications in sensornets Deployed in an area of ~1,300m 300m 2-tier architecture Lower tier: ~ 1,000 XSM, ~210 MICA2 sensor nodes (TinyOS) Higher tier: ~ 210 IEEE b Stargates (Linux) Base Station
20 Other sensornet projects/applications Healthcare Homeland security Industrial control Precision agriculture Social networking
21 Healthcare Medical implant: artificial retina Assisted living: health monitoring & coordination Health-environment monitoring: air quality, noise, bio & chemical-agent
22 Homeland security: BioWatch
23 Industrial control: Intel Semiconductor Factory monitoring Preventative equipment maintenance: monitoring vibration signals
24 Precision agriculture: smart vineyard monitor soil humidity, temperature, chemistry
25 TurtleNet: track wood-turtles the turtle came out of the water to sun itself for only brief periods and went back into the colder water
26 SealNet: use nature to help scientific study To measure ocean s temperature and salinity levels, as well as the seal s location and depth. Sensing data are collected for every dive; Each time the seals resurfaced to breathe, that data was relayed via satellite to certain data centers in US and France As the seals migrated and foraged for food during their winter journey, they circumnavigated the Antarctic continent and its continental shelf, diving down to 2,000 feet more than 60 times a day
27 Social dynamics and networking
28 BikeNet: mobile sensing system for cyclist experience mapping Monitor cyclist performance/fitness: speed, distance traveled, calories burned, heart rate, galvanic skin response, etc Collect environmental data: pollution, allergen, noise, and terrain condition monitoring/mapping, etc
29 Vehicular sensor networks
30 New applications (e.g., SensorWeb (MSR), New applications (e.g., SensorWeb (MSR), sensor-rich vehicular networks) and startups keep emerging
31 The only thing that does not change is change. How to realize and evolve the vision? To understand the underlying principles of computer networking (which do not change as often as technologies) To apply and potentially evolve these principles when building new technologies and systems We are here to help CSC 4992, CSC 6290, CSC 7290, research seminars,
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