Smart Grid Information Management

Transcription

1 Smart Grid Information Management Applying Advanced Communication and Distributed System Technologies Partha Pal, Rick Schantz, Kurt Rohloff BBN Technologies CMU Electricity Conference

2 Outline Introduction BBN Application of advanced communication and distributed systems technology in smart grids Conclusion

3 Introduction At the core of the Smart Grid vision is development and adoption of technology to collect, transport, store and analyze information about electricity condition and usage.. GridWise 2006 Panel on Smart Grid Example features of a smart grid: Advanced metering, Demand Response, Energy intelligence, Advanced control, Asset management/business optimization. (EnerNOC documentation) Modern smart grid must be able to heal itself, motivate consumers to actively participate in operations of the grid, resist attack, provide higher quality power that will save money wasted from outages, accommodate all generation and storage options, enable electricity markets to flourish, run more efficiently.. (NETL, DoE 2007) Information system characteristics Resilient (tolerant, survivable): failures and attacks Trustworthy and collaborative: Adaptive: autonomic and proactive Smart Grids need Smart Information Systems We ve seen this before: network centric systems, information centricity

4 BBN and Evolution of Distributed Systems 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Application Over 700 employees HQ in Cambridge, MA with offices in Arlington, VA; Columbia, MD; Minneapolis, MN; Middletown, RI; O Fallon, IL & a subsidiary in San Diego, CA 2/3 of BBN employees have advanced degrees Emb. Application App App App App App App App Interest spans from computing and information technology to physical Middleware Svcs Svcs ware ware Svcs MW MW Middle- LW Middle- MW sciences Specializes in Embedded Developing technology enablers (R&D) Advanced technology concept demonstrations LW Middleware Middlewarware Middle- Operating System Network Protocols Network Protocols Custom App App solutions to hard problems Network Protocols Network Protocols MW Svcs Emb. App Embedded Operating System Programming Languages Database Systems Database Systems System Development Environments BBN is continuing to contribute key networking and distributed systems technologies Information Management Systems Network protocols, distributed, middleware & middleware services, DRE, survivable systems, semantic web

5 An Information Centric View (Grid) Information management Collection: what needs to be collected Transportation: where to, how fast Storage: where, how much, how long (Grid) Information services Business logic: how to process, what to produce Building the new services QoS and Security Information transport Information processing There are a number of unique challenges that the information system architecture must address Separation of concern Electrical/Business domain experts generate requirements for computer scientists, network and security engineers Requirements and Technology both are evolving Ad-hoc approaches will lead to a messy, brittle and costly solution

6 (Information) Technology Centric View Information Transport Topology/network architecture IP, GigE, Optical networks Encoding, protocols vs. services (and legacy protocols) Information Storage Cloud Identifiers and other metadata Relational databases, digital objects, semantic storage Information processing Objects, Components, Services Persistence vs. streams/events Adaptive and adaptation control Multi-core vs. cell, virtualization QoS and Security Mission/application oriented adaptive QoS Survive in addition to prevent or detect Will focus on advanced transport and survivability only in this talk

7 Advanced Transport Services Envisioned Smart Grid information internetwork will have Multiple types of services with specific QoS (loss rate, latency, capacity..) and security Multiple types of transport (packets, circuits, various types of multiplexing), Multiple modes (wireless, leased, fibers, tunneling through the public Internet) Cost of ownership, management Evolution Secure Each application managing its own communication Applications plug into a wellmanaged network The current situation has many ingredients that may cause the grid information system of the future to look like the current Internet: applications that are locally adapted to communicate over the network, patchwork of interconnections without a holistic view of the entire system an integrated architecture combining electrical as well as information system aspects and how it may evolve in the future..

8 Advanced Transport (contd.) Emerging technologies provide new transport capabilities; we should be aware of, and be prepared to take advantage of these Network architecture: Adapters (a necessity for interoperation and relatively routine) Topology Abstractions: innovative view of the network based on adjacencies at various levels Resource allocation algorithms: use the abstractions to decide how to set up a path or route Fast signaling to enable mesh routing and dynamic reconfigurations Authentication/authorization /encryption: security association at the network level 10x/100x PHAR Edge PHAR Core T1 Subscriber Services (BE IP, Guaranteed IP, l) T1 R1 R1 T2 R2 SLG Switch T1 R1 Out FIBER 1T T3 R3 T4 R4 T5 R5 We are implementing these capabilities in the context of a high speed, high capacity optical network (PHAR) T6 R T2 R2 T2 R2 Out FIBER 2T Slow Client Optical Switch T3 R3 T1 R1 T2 R2 T3 R3 T4 R4 R0 T0 R1 T1 R2 T2 R3 T3 R4 T4 R5 T Core Optical Switch c1 c2 c3 c4 c1 c2 c3 c4 c1 c2 c3 c4 c1 c2 c3 c4 OCM T3 R3 C T0 R0 In FIBER 1R OCM C 1 1 DWDM Transport FIBER 2R Fast Optical Switch T5 R5 T6 R6 T7 R7 T8 R8 R6 T c1 c2 c3 c4 c1 c2 c3 c4 T1 R1 T2 R2 T3 R3 T4 R4 IP Router In Out In Out In OCM FIBER 3T R7 T7 R8 T C Optical Amplifier Shelf FIBER 3R T9 R9 R9 T FIBER 4T FIBER 4R c1 c2 c3 c4 c1 c2 c3 c4 10x/100x T1 R1 T2 R2 T3 R3 T4 R4 T5 R5 OCM C T6 R6 IP Services l Services Sub l IP:ODUk Full l IP:ODUk Groomed Transit Groomed Transit + Local OEO Regen/l Conv Optical Bypass Available Resource Inactive Resource 1:n TR Protect VFSS (ms) Path Computation 10 Signaling 35 Network Element <50 Configuration PHAR Setup 95 Time PIP Requirement 100 (CONUS)

9 Leveraging the Network Creation of abstractions appropriate for the application and its context Programming Services Availability of high speed, high capacity, security-enabled, robust and dynamically provisioned network makes it easy to construct valueadded middleware multicast, probabilistic multicast, pub-sub, distributed queues, federations High assurance dissemination Timeliness and QoS adaptive Availability of value-added middleware in turn is required for costeffective and rapid implementation of the desired business logic The application does not need to worry about transport issues Simpler implementation Faster time to marked evolution ready

10 Nature of attacks Survivable Information Systems Intrusion Tolerant Systems: Resiliency against failures in the information domain Access enabler of further actions Exfiltration, Corruption Denial by consumption Requires minimal access.. Crash Can be caused by physical attacks Corruption Can be caused by insiders Natural (fault tolerance) as well as attack-induced Survivability architecture: Organizing multiple layers of defense chosen based on the need Management of defenses: Control loops connecting the defense mechanisms Validation/certification/accreditation Invariants and trusted enforcement Defense mechanisms: Security tools and mechanisms to prevent, detect and recover from specific attacks or attack classes Firewalls, crypto, redundancy System Network Host Process Application App. JVM CSA/SELinux ADF VPN Firewall Switches Redundancy/Diversity React Detect Protect Attacks BBN developed (and validated) defense mechanisms, survivability architecture and cognitive management in various DARPA projects

11 Conclusion Smart Grid without a smart Information System is untenable Electrical/power and business domain will generate requirements for the information system The Information System must be future proof and evolution ready New technologies New requirements, usages Current technology and business environment is conducive to incremental and patchwork solutions That will be a BIG mistake BBN s past experience in networking and distributed systems innovation prompts us to recognize the need of a big picture Integrated electrical and information system architecture Evolving technologies and requirements Over space, over time, not just grids, but inter-grid, possibly across national boundaries BBN brings the information system perspective and expertise, need collaborative interactions with the community to develop and articulate a smooth transition to the big picture view