Virtualization. join, aggregation, concatenation, array, N 1 ühendamine, agregeerimine, konkateneerimine, massiiv

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1 Virtualization abstraction of computer resources may, but does not have to change the interface end-user has limited or no knowledge about the real resources behind the virtualization layer original / physical characteristics are hidden 1

2 Virtualization join, aggregation, concatenation, array, N 1 ühendamine, agregeerimine, konkateneerimine, massiiv 2

3 Virtualization partitioning, fragmenting, 1 N partitsioneerimine, fragmenteerimine 3

4 Virtualization emulation, simulation, encapsulating, 1 1 emuleerimine, simuleerimine, kapseldamine 4

5 Virtualization mixed 5

6 Why Virtualize? If... the characteristics of our existing resources are not quite what we need replacing all the hardware is expensive our demands change frequently we are unsure of our needs sorting out our needs could prove costly when trying out different physical configurations...then virtualization could be of help 6

7 Why Virtualize? consolidation cuts the costs virtualization adds extra flexibility answer to frequently changing needs resource management is more granular possible security gains from isolating the application into virtual environment affordable testing platforms simplified end-user interfaces 7

8 Virtualization the term virtualization is ~50 years old! platform virtualization resource virtualization 8

9 Platform Virtualization CPU CPU HDD RAM NIC HDD RAM NIC CPU HDD RAM NIC CPU HDD RAM NIC 9

10 Platform Virtualization server virtualization, virtual machines virtualized CPU, memory, I/O, devices guest virtual machines run on host hardware host A guest 1 host B guest 4 host C guest 6 guest 2 guest 5 guest 7 guest 3 10

11 CPU Virtualization emulation imitates the behaviour of one type of CPU with another CPU usually implemented in software, performance issues QEmu x86 apps PPC apps PPC OS x86 OS x86 emu PPC 11

12 CPU Virtualization full virtualization (täisvirtualiseerimine) virtual processor equal to underlying processor can run unmodified guest OS some instructions can be executed directly on physical hardware, some must be trapped/translated VMWare Workstation/Server VirtualBox MS Virtual PC/Server 12

13 CPU Virtualization full virtualization, hosted on OS x86 apps x86 OS x86 full virt VMM x86_64 apps x86_64 OS x86_64 full virt VMM x86_64 OS x86_64 apps x86_64 13

14 CPU Virtualization full virtualization with hypervisor (hüperviisor) hypervisor - layer between host hardware and guest OS VMM Virtual Machine Monitor x86 apps x86 OS x86 full virt VMM x86_64 apps x86_64 OS x86_64 full virt VMM x86_64 hypervisor 14

15 CPU Virtualization paravirtualization (paravirtualiseerimine) virtual CPU interface differs (in parts) from physical CPU interface guest OS must be ported can provide better performance in many scenarios Xen, Citrix XenServer, VMWare ESX, MS Hyper-V 15

16 CPU Virtualization paravirtualization with hypervisor x86 apps x86_64 apps x86_64 apps x86 paravirt OS x86_64 paravirt OS x86_64 paravirt OS x86 VMM x86_64 VMM x86_64 VMM x86_64 hypervisor x86_64 16

17 CPU Virtualization hardware assist trapping and emulating privileged/sensitive calls AMD: AMD-V (Pacifica) Intel: Intel VT (Vanderpool) VMWare, Xen/XenServer, VirtualBox, Hyper-V 17

18 Platform Virtualization containers, partitions multiple userspaces on the same OS kernel Solaris Containers Linux Vserer virtual directory trees chroot, BSD Jail 18

19 Resource Virtualization virtual memory, virtual machines(?!) natural part of modern operating systems 19

20 Resource Virtualization storage virtualization RAID Logical Volume Management, LVM Network-Attached Storage 20

21 Resource Virtualization network virtualization Virtual Lan, VLAN Virtual Private Network, VPN link aggregation Network Address Translation, NAT 21

22 Resource Virtualization virtualizing the computing power clusters GRID Cloud Computing... 22

23 Virtualization Upsides better resource utilization cost reduction hardware, power, administration recovery from single (virtual) machine disaster is easier rolling out new systems is faster extensive changes can be made without touching the physical layer flexible resources matching the needs 23

24 Virtualization Downsides additional virtualization layers add more complexity recovery from large-scale disaster is complicated security: virtualization layer must be carefully protected resource overhead: additional layers consume resources 24

Virtualization. ...or how adding another layer of abstraction is changing the world. CIS 399: Unix Skills University of Pennsylvania.

Virtualization. ...or how adding another layer of abstraction is changing the world. CIS 399: Unix Skills University of Pennsylvania. Virtualization...or how adding another layer of abstraction is changing the world. CIS 399: Unix Skills University of Pennsylvania April 6, 2009 (CIS 399 Unix) Virtualization April 6, 2009 1 / 22 What