IPv6: Where are we in 2017? Based on Internet Society 2017 report June 6, 2017

Transcription

1 IPv6: Where are we in 2017? Based on Internet Society 2017 report June 6, 2017

2 History of IPv6 1990: IETF realized that IPv4 address space would run out Took steps to alleviate that 1993, IETF requested proposals for next generation protocol IPv6 proposed in 1994 Standardized in 1998 Supporting work in DHCP, DNS, routing protocols, etc Implementation in various operating systems; Windows late Uptake of prefixes started 2007 ICANN policy for prefix allocation 2006 Tokyo University report on reality of IPv4 exhaustion predictions

3 Exhaustion timeframes All RIRs have now entered their respective end phases Lots of IPv6 prefixes to allocate IPv4 only for new entrants, and then in small quantities

4 What does that mean for a new entrant? Reliance JIO, launched September 2016 Indian ISP, trying to reach all of India. Wireline and mobile wireless Second largest country in the world About 20% of human beings world wide First allocation followed APNIC exhaustion event 1024 IPv4 addresses (/22) allocated Additional space purchased in IPv4 address market Minimum IPv6 allocation to a service provider is a /32: as many /64 prefixes as there are addresses in the IPv4 address space Allocated 34B addresses (IPv6 /29) plus other allocations Currently, almost 90% of our LTE 4G subscribers are using IPv6 accounting for almost 70% of the country s IPv6 traffic which in itself has equated to a rapid rise in India s total IPv6 capabilities, increasing from 1% to 16% in 2016 (and passing 20% in the new year).

5 Growth in IPv6 in BGP RIPE documents the growth on IPv6 announcements Status: All regions see growth LACNIC region currently has about 37% of AS s announcing IPv6 prefixes

6 Traffic Growth Worldwide This graphic as seen by Google 37 countries have >5% traffic using IPv6 as of April 2017 Belgium an interesting case Regulatory requirement to not use NAT map address to a subscriber Operational decision to deploy IPv6 to residential networks Belgium currently leads IPv6 traffic as seen by Google, Akamai, and APNIC countries=be,us,gr,de,ch,lu,in,gb,ca,ee,ec,br,no,jp,tt,pt,fi,fr,my,pe,cz,au,nl,nz,ie,ro,zw,hu,si,gt,pr,kr,sa,vn,at,bo,pl

7 A world without NATs? Network Address Translation (NAT) was created to multiplex IPv4 address use But was sold as a security solution Better addressed with firewalls Affects location-based services Especially if implemented in the ISP Not generally used with IPv6 No requirement to multiplex addresses

8 IPv6 Traffic Growth in Latin America Google report on LACNIC region (search engine requests) Akamai report on LACNIC Region (TCP sessions moving data)

9 IPv4 Address Market IPv4 BGP growth and market value stabilizing

10 IPv4 Address Market: What suggestions from the IPv4 Market Group? It would seem that some sort of price maximization for IPv4 should occur between [ ] and January of We have seen prices rise from $5/IP to $9 to $10 per IP for a /16 over the past 18 months. As a potential seller, it would seem that you would want to sell into this demand and wait no longer than 28 months to sell. MIT has done just that: sold a /9 to Amazon to fund IPv6 deployment /internet/mit-selling-8-million-coveted-ipv4- addresses-amazon-a-buyer.html 7dffcf5a4db2b8ea4cce0

11 Markets

12 Internet of Things (IoT) Systems not necessarily serving a human being Often sensors, actuators, cameras Like? Doorbells Home surveillance Thermostats Smart Grid Home Health Care

13 Bluetooth Low Energy 4.2 or 5.0 Contained enclave Use Bluetooth for communication No external communication Application on Link layer Enclave communicating with upstream service Connect to an IP-capable gateway Enable software download Translate IP <-> Bluetooth

14 Contained enclave Industrial Automation, IEC Ethernet or WiFi Others: Use IPv4 or IPv6 for communication No external communication Endpoint Security via encryption and/or mutual authentication Ethernet/WiFi or Bluetooth 5.0 Enclave communicating with upstream service Router, firewall, or gateway Enable software download External Service Security? Upstream service could use MQTT/MQTT-S

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16 ZigBee Secure Energy Profile 2.0 OpenThreads Enclave communicating with upstream service Defined gateway (UDP/IPv6 <-> 6LowPAN) Security managed by architecture 6LowPAN within network COaP Management

17 Open Connectivity Foundation Tenants Current architecture (OIC 1.1): hierarchy of resources Resources are defined by Restfull API Modelling Language (RAML) Payloads defined in JSON (Draft-04 schema) Communication via IPV6 and CoAP, payload on the wire converted in CBOR All data connections are secure Application level resources Core architecture resources CoAP CBOR IPV6 download.php/8950/technology-discussion-v3.pptx

18 The laggard: Enterprise Networks Per Hurricane Electric 1/8 of Alexa-Top-Million names are IPv6-reachable 28,000 of those are only reachable using IPv6 23% of AS s advertise IPv6 prefixes 325 AS s are IPv6-only That leaves 77% of AS s IPv4-only In most cases, enterprise Usually looking for Additional revenue, or Killer Application

19 What is the future? IPv4 addresses are a speculative asset In other words, they are worth something if sold, but only for a limited period of time We already see services that allocate IPv6 for free and charge for IPv4 And dare people to think differently

20 IPv6-only at Microsoft But for us, moving to IPv6-only as soon as possible solves our problems with IPv4 depletion and address oversubscription. But it also moves us to a simpler world of network operations where we can concentrate on innovation and providing network services, instead of wasting energy battling with such a fundamental resource as addressing.

21 ISP, Content, and Residential? Can I count IPv6 accesses to content? Implication: I have an IPv6-capable application on an IPv6-capable device on an IPv6-capable network connecting across multiple ISPs to IPv6-accessible content Statistics like these tell an end to end story

22 And then there s mobile wireless If there is one network in which IPv6 is dominant, it is 4G/LTE Verizon Wireless: 84% T-Mobile USA: 81% Reliance Jio: 90% of subscribers, 80% of traffic AT&T: 54% And so on

23 So In the report, we walked through IPv6 deployment and market impact. Looking for a logistic curve, and the hockey stick up and to the right The new news is: It looks like we have one The reason IPv4 prices are expected to fall in 2019 is because Supply will be more constrained (less addresses, smaller blocks) Demand will fall as IPv6 deployment passes 50%

24 A word to the wise If you want to sell IPv4 addresses into the current market, You need to have moved your network and applications to IPv6 Moving to IPv6-dominant data centers Will you pay for IPv4 if IPv6 works for free? IPv6 deployment is not trivial Do your equipment and applications support it? If not, what is your budget timeframe? Have you tested it? Is it operational? Only then can you sell your IPv4 address space Which could have enough value to partially fund the deployment

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