CPSC 441 Tutorial-1. Department of Computer Science University of Calgary

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1 CPSC 441 Tutorial-1 Department of Computer Science University of Calgary

2 Question-1 A packet switch receives a packet and determines the outbound link to which the packet should be forwarded. When the packet arrives, one other packet is halfway done being transmitted on this outbound link and four other packets are waiting to be transmitted. Packets are transmitted in order of arrival. Suppose all packets are 1500 bytes and the link rate is 2 Mbps. What is the queuing delay for the packet? Give your answer in milliseconds.

3 Question-2 Consider the figure below:

4 Find the end-to-end delay (including the transmission delays and propagation delays on each of the three links, but ignoring queuing delays and processing delays) from when the left host begins transmitting the first bit of a packet to the time when the last bit of that packet is received at the server at the right. (answer in milliseconds) The speed of light propagation delay on each link is 3x10^8 m/s. Assume a packet length of 8000 bits. Note that the transmission rates are in Mbps and the link distances are in Km.

5 Question-3 A large file is to be transmitted from host A to to host B, along a network route of two links (and therefore one router). Host A divides the file into segments of S bits each and adds 100 bits of header to each segment, forming packets of size L = S+100 bits. Assume that the total file length is F bits, and each link has a transmission rate of R bps. Answer the following questions ignoring the processing and propagation delays (assume that the packets are send back-to-back and file size F is a multiple of segment size S). Compute the total transmission delay of transmitting the entire file from A to B. What is the optimal segment size S so that the total endto-end delay of transmitting the file is minimized?

6 Question-4 Consider the following scenarios: A circuit-switching scenario in which N cs users, each requiring a bandwidth of 10 Mbps, must share a link of capacity 150 Mbps. A packet-switching scenario with N ps users sharing a 150 Mbps link, where each user again requires 10 Mbps when transmitting, but only needs to transmit 30 percent of the time.

7 When circuit switching is used, what is the maximum number of circuit-switched users that can be supported? Explain your answer For the remainder of this problem, suppose packet switching is used. Suppose there are 29 packet-switching users (i.e., N ps = 29). Can this many users be supported under circuit-switching? Explain. What is the probability that a given (specific) user is transmitting, and the remaining users are not transmitting? What is the probability that one user (any one among the 29 users) is transmitting, and the remaining users are not transmitting? When one user is transmitting, what fraction of the link capacity will be used by this user? What is the probability that any 15 users (of the total 29 users) are transmitting and the remaining users are not transmitting? What is the probability that more than 15 users are transmitting?

8 Question-5 A router is transmitting packets, each of length L bits, over a single link with transmission rate R Mbps to another router at the other end of the link. Suppose that the packet length is L= bits, and that the link transmission rate R = 1000 Mbps. What is the transmission delay (the time needed to transmit all of a packet's bits into the link)? What is the maximum number of packets per second that can be transmitted by the link?

9 Question-6 Consider two hosts, A and B, connected by a single link of rate R bps. Suppose that the two hosts are separated by m meters, and the propagation speed along the link is s meters/sec. Host A is to send a packet of size L bits to Host B. a) Ignoring processing and queuing delays, obtain an expression for the end-to-end delay. b) Suppose d prop (propogation delay) is greater than d trans (tranmission delay). At time t = d trans, where is the first bit of the packet? c) Suppose s = 2.5 *10^8, L = 120 bits, and R = 56 kbps. Find the distance m so that d prop equals d trans

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