The data transmission mode describes the direction of data flow. It is either simplex, half duplex or full duplex.
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1 Data transmission Data transmission on a network involves serial transmission. It transfers data by sending one bit at a time through a single line. All data on a network is transferred using a data transmission mode, a data transmission rate and a data transmission medium. Data transmission modes The data transmission mode describes the direction of data flow. It is either simplex, half duplex or full duplex. Simplex mode allows transmission in one direction only, from the sender to the receiver. An example of simplex mode is the transmission of data between a keyboard or mouse and a computer. Half duplex mode allows transmission in both directions but not at the same time. This means the sender and the receiver take turns. Full duplex mode allows transmission in both directions at the same time. Most communications systems use full duplex mode, such as the telephone or . A computer uses full duplex for most of its communication.
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3 Data transmission rates Data transmission rate is the speed of data transfer. It is measured by the number of bits per second or its baud rate. Bits per second (bps) the number of bits transmitted in one second. Common units of measurement for transmission speed are kilobits (Kbps) and megabits (Mbps). Bits per second is also called the bit rat. Baud rate the maximum number of electrical signals transmitted in one second. It is different to bits per second as an electrical signal can contain more than one bit of data. For example, a 2400 baud might transmit at 4800 bps. Here one electrical signal is roughly equal to two bits.
4 Data Transmission Wire transmission transfers data through wires and cables. These cables must be protected from damage, they can take up space and can be difficult to install. However, wire transmission can carry large amounts of data with little interference from other signals. Wire transmission includes: Twisted pair Twisted pair cable has a pair of insulated copper wires, twisted to form a spiral. Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is used on networks and a common type includes Cat 5: 10Base-T (10Mbps Ethernet). Coaxial Coax has a single copper wire surrounded by an insulator, shielding and another insulator. It is more expensive and less flexible than UTP. The most common type is 10Base2 (10 Mbps Ethernet)
5 Optical fibre Optical fibre is a very thin fibre of clear glass that carries light waves. They are very secure, are not affected by electromagnetic interference, and transmit data at high speeds (in theory 10 Tbps). However, they are more expensive.
6 Data Transmission - wireless Wireless transmission moves the data through air and space. It does not need a fixed physical connection. Wireless networks allow devices to communicate using; Radio waves Microwave Satellites Radio waves are used to transfer data by using a small radio transmitter attached to each device. Bluetooth is a wireless technology based on radio waves. The major problem with radio waves is the lack of security. Microwave is a high frequency radio signal sent through space in a straight line from one antenna to another. It has been used for decades to transmit voice and data. Antennae are placed on tall buildings or mountains and is only common for long distance transmission. Satellites are launched into space and are used in our lives for such things as weather reports, mobile phone reception, gps services, tv and radio broadcasts, internet connections and much more. They transfer data over great distances and very fast speeds.
7 Questions 1. Explain the difference between: a. Simplex mode and half duplex mode b. Bits per second and baud rate c. Twisted-pair and coaxial cable 2. What is bandwidth? 3. What are the reasons for choosing UTP for network cabling? 4. What is the major problem with using radio waves? 5. Why have wireless networks become popular?
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