Networks: Communicating and Sharing Resources
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1 Networks: Communicating and Sharing Resources 1
2 Local Area Networks Client/server networks o Made up of one or more file servers and clients (any type of computer) o Client software enables requests to be sent to the server o Wired or wireless connections o Do not slow down with heavy use 2
3 Local Area Networks 3
4 Local Area Networks Intranet o Password-protected network controlled by the company o Accessed only by employees Virtual private network o Operates over the Internet o Accessible by authorized users for quick access to corporate information o Uses secure, encrypted connections and special software 4
5 Local Area Networks LAN topologies o Network topology Physical design of a LAN o Topology resolves contention conflict that occurs when two or more computers on the network attempt to transmit at the same time o Contention sometimes results in collisions corruption of network data caused when two computers transmit at the same time 5
6 Local Area Networks LAN topologies o Bus topology Practical for home or small office One node transmits at a time Terminators signify the end of the circuit Uses contention management technique that specifies what happens when a collision occurs o Star topology For office buildings, computer labs, and WANs Easy to add users o Ring topology For a division of a company or one floor Not in common use today Node can transmit only when it has the token special unit of data that travels around the ring 6
7 Local Area Networks 7
8 Local Area Networks 8
9 Local Area Networks 9
10 Local Area Networks LAN protocols o Protocols standards used by networks to permit communication between network-connected devices o Modulation protocols ensure that the modem can communicate with another modem, even if by a different manufacturer o Protocol suite contains the protocols of the network and specifies its network architecture, or how the network works 10
11 Local Area Networks LAN protocols (con t.) o Network layers divide network architecture for separate treatment Each network layer can operate and be governed by its own protocols. Protocol stack vertical arrangement of network layers 11
12 Local Area Networks LAN technologies o Ethernet most-used LAN protocol Ethernet star networks omost popular versions use twisted-pair wiring and switches Sends data in a fixed-size unit called a packet o WiFi Uses radio waves to provide a wireless LAN standard at Ethernet speeds Needs a central access point could be a wireless router Hot spots public wireless access locations 12
13 Wide Area Networks Point of presence (POP) o WAN connection point used to obtain access to the WAN o Wired or wireless Backbones o High-capacity WAN transmission lines o gigapop (gigabits per second point of presence) transfers data exceeding 1 Gbps (1 billion bits per second) 13
14 Wide Area Networks WAN protocols o Internet protocols Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) oprotocols that define how the Internet works Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) odefines how Internet-connected computers can exchange, control, and confirm messages Internet Protocol (IP) oprovides a distinct identification to any computer connected to the Internet: the IP address or Internet address 14
15 Wide Area Networks WAN protocols (con t.) o Circuit switching Used by the public switched telephone network to send data over a physical end-to-end circuit Provides a direct connection between devices o Packet switching Used for computer communication Divides and sends outgoing messages as packets, which are reassembled on receipt More efficient and less expensive than circuit switching o Latency delay introduced when a given packet is examined by many routers o Congestion occurs when the network is overloaded, causing some packets to be further delayed 15
16 Wide Area Networks 16
17 Wide Area Networks 17
18 Wide Area Networks 18
19 Wide Area Networks 19
20 Wide Area Networks WAN applications o , conferencing, document exchange, remote database access o LAN to LAN connections connect two or more geographically separate locations o Transaction acquisition the instant relay of transaction information from a point-of-purchase sale. 20
21 Home Networks Home Area Networks (HANs) o Wired home networks o Wireless home networks o Hybrid networks Combination of wired and wireless technology 21
22 Home Networks A Wired Home Network 22
23 Home Networks A Wireless Home Network 23
24 Home Networks Setting up a home network o Planning Select technology Purchase equipment and firewall software o Configuring a wired network Connect each computer to the router Plug printer, scanner, etc., into a computer 24
25 Home Networks Setting up a home network (con t.) o Configuring a wireless network Connect each node to wireless router with a wireless adapter Connect DSL or cable modem to wireless router o Maintenance and support Minimal maintenance required Unplug power source from router and other peripherals and restart computer to correct problems 25
26 Home Networks Future of home networking o Convergence will allow you to use home networks to Control household appliances Protect homes with security systems Manage home network events through central control units in new homes Utilize wireless systems Control entertainment, temperature regulation, and lighting 26
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