An energy efficient communication routing Protocol based on LEACH for WSN

Transcription

1 Advanced Materials Research Online: ISSN: , Vol. 905, pp doi: / Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland An energy efficient communication routing Protocol based on LEACH for WSN Yaxing Zhai 1,a, Layuan Li 1,2,b,Chunlin Li 1,c 1 School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China 2 Wuhan Bioengineering Institute, Wuhan, China a zhaiyaxing@foxmail.com, b lilayuan26@163.com, c chunlin74@aliyun.com Keyword: WSN, LEACH protocol, Energy consumption, Double cluster heads Abstract: Aiming at LEACH protocol in WSN in cluster heads selection disequilibrium, the cluster head nodes energy consumption too fast, and the network uneven energy consumption problem, this paper based on double cluster heads routing algorithms, try to blend in fixed partition network, use multiple hops routing strategy and improve the cluster heads routing algorithms in LEACH protocol, then put forward EDCH-LEACH protocol. The simulation results show that: the EDCH-LEACH protocol can effectively improve the previously mentioned problems of the cluster heads selection imbalance, local energy consumption too fast, achieve the goal of prolong the life cycle of the whole network. 1. Outline In wireless sensor networks, efficient use of energy consumption has been one of the important goals of sensor network design and research. Because of efficiently Routing algorithm can deeply improve the survival level. Thus produced a variety of routing protocols and algorithms[1], This article choose from hierarchical routing protocol as a research point, on the basis of in-depth analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of LEACH protocol, put forward the EDCH-LEACH protocol, so that it can overcome the energy consumption problem,prolong the overall lifecycle of wireless sensor networks 2. LEACH protocol LEACH is the abbreviation of Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy. It is the first hierarchical routing protocol in wireless sensor networks. The basic idea is: random choose cluster head nodes in circular fashion, let the network's energy be spread equally across every senor node, so that it can overcome the energy consumption problem,prolong the overall lifecycle of wireless sensor networks. 2.1 energy consumption analysis of LEACH protocol LEACH protocol can be divided into in two stages: cluster establishment stage and stable working phase. In cluster establishment stage, sensor node random generate a float number between 0 and 1,then it compare with threshold value T(n).If smaller than the threshold value, the node will be choose as the cluster head node. T(n) in accordance with the following formula: In this formula, p represents the percentage of nodes to become cluster head nodes, r for the current round number and G stands for the set of nodes which were not selected as cluster head in recent round. (1) All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications, (ID: , Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA-10/05/16,02:18:50)

2 596 Advances in Applied Materials and Electronics Engineering III In the stable stage, sensor nodes transmit the data collected to the cluster head. After the fusion of date collected and delivered by sensor nodes, the cluster head send the date to the sink nodes which will convey these data to monitoring center for the next data processing. 2.2 Faultiness analysis on LEACH According to the analysis of procedure and energy consumption of LEACH protocol, found LEACH protocol has the following disadvantages: 1) LEACH protocol communicate directly between cluster head and node by single-hop. When the transmission distance[3] is too large, the speed of the node energy consumption will be in the form of index of growth. Thus seriously distance cluster head nodes energy consumption distance, cause local node energy consumption too fast. So it cannot meet the need of large-scale wireless sensor network. 2) LEACH protocol done not take it into consideration that whether the number of cluster heads could throughout the whole network, consequently a phenomenon may occur that the cluster heads selected concentrate somewhere in the network. 3) LEACH protocol selects cluster heads randomly in every round, The number of cluster head election function as follows: In this formula, N represents the number of nodes, M stands for the size of area scattered, Ɛ fs is the enlarge index in free space attenuation channel model, Ɛ mp means the enlarge index in multipath fading channel model; d is the distance from cluster head to base station. This protocol leads to uncertainty about the number of cluster heads and selects cluster heads without thinking about actual energy surplus situation of every single nodes in the network. Those may bring about rapid energy consumption[2] of cluster heads, high frequency of cluster heads selecting and heavy energy consumption in the whole network. 3. EDCH-LEACH protocol EDCH-LEACH protocol is raised to change the imbalance of cluster heads selecting, rapid energy consumption partly in contrast to the disadvantages above of LEACH protocol. EDCH-LEACH protocol aims to achieve a better energy-saving effect and solve problems about energy optimization of WSN nodes. 3.1 determine the clustering method Because the cluster head is responsible for many functions, so its consumption is much larger than the other nodes, therefore, to improved LEACH protocol cluster head selection algorithm, select the main cluster head, at the same time select deputy cluster head, let the main cluster head is responsible for receiving data, and sent data by the deputy head of the cluster. Thereby reducing the cluster head expenses, and reduce the cycle times of WSN. First, the threshold is determined, based on the original agreement, setting node unique identifier PID, the residual energy value E cur, and then selected the value between 0-1, based on the threshold value defined in the original equation one, join energy surplus value judgment, the improved formula is as follows: T (3) Thereby increasing the energy which surplus more probability selected as cluster head node, so that the network can balance the energy consumption. (2)

3 Advanced Materials Research Vol determine the optimal number of cluster heads Due to the cluster head node consumption energy with multipath fading model[4], according to the original algorithm, confirm energy consumption of the cluster nodes in a frame is as follows: E Ch -1)+l*E DA +le+l*ε*d 4 (4) In this formula, l is stand for the number of bits of each message, d is the distance from the cluster head node to the base station, E is stand for the node energy. According to the total energy consumption of the unit frame: E Tot =l(e elec *N+E DA N+K*ε*d 4 tobs+e elec *N+ N) Derivative it to find the optimal number of cluster head. (5) 3.3 cluster head selection strategy According to the optimal number of cluster head, divided the network area into several fan-shaped parts, and then broadcast this message. Other nodes to determine its own PID according to the region which is belongs to. And then transfer its surplus energy, PID and other information throughout the area. When the start of each round, each region compete the primary cluster head node based on the node clustering algorithm, and get the unique cluster identifier CID (jointly established by the cluster head and the base station),the other nodes selected this cluster node and initiative to send its message to establish cluster. Main cluster head determined the vice cluster head combined with the nodes residual energy value[5]. And provision ID as the uniquely identify of the node, CID as the cluster head identity, E cur as the identity of the remaining energy of nodes, d ic as the distance between the node and the cluster head node. 3.4 Multi-hop networking In PEGASIS protocol[6], energy of N nodes of wireless sensor network along the chain transmission k bit data to the first node is as follows: E = n*eelec*k+ Ɛamp*k (6) In this formula: d (i, j) is the node-to-node communication distance from n i to n j. The energy consumption of fusion data from peripheral node to the first node in the chain is as follows: E=n*E*k (7) In this formula: E is stand for the energy consumption of one node fusion per bit of data. Contrast equation (4) and equation (6) shows that when the node spacing d beyond a certain limit, The energy consumption by multiple hops network mode[7] of the PEGASIS protocol to send data is far less than the energy consumption by sent directly of LEACH protocol, and the multiple hops network effectively reduced the cost of the cost of the reconstruction in the cluster. But, according to the characteristic of link, PEGISIS protocol increased remote node data latency and cluster head uniqueness makes it become a bottleneck. Therefore, introduced the part of the PEGASIS policy into the LEACH protocol, making LEACH overcome existing shortcomings part, to save node energy consumption, To achieve the purpose of increasing network lifetime. 4. Simulation This paper takes simulation using NS-2, set the parameters as follows: In the rectangular area 100m * 100m, 100 randomly deployed nodes, each node of the initial energy 2J, Energy to send and receive data loss is 50nJ/bit, Because in the normal course of their work, WSN nodes in the average transmission time of each message is 1.2s, so set the data transmission time interval is 15s.

4 598 Advances in Applied Materials and Electronics Engineering III Contrast LEACH protocol with EDCH-LEACH protocol, Figure 1 shows the energy consumption of WSN contrast, Figure 2 is the WSN node number comparison of survival along with the cycle of time. Fig. 1 The energy consumption contrast Fig. 2 Survival node number comparison From the comparison chart of Fig.1, we can be obtained that at the beginning of the construction phase of the cluster, Since EDCH-LEACH protocol reference the double cluster head strategy, its energy consumption to be higher than LEACH protocol, but the double cluster head strategy and multi-hop networking strategy made the cluster head is less than LEACH cluster head energy consumption, thus reduced the overall node energy consumption and extended the lifetime of the whole WSN. It can be seen from the Fig.2, LEACH node death began around 200 seconds, in the 490 seconds all nodes were death, while EDCH-LEACH protocol node death began around 279 seconds, all death at around 550 seconds. Due to the cluster head selection considering the current energy value of each node and using doubles cluster head strategy, improved the WSN rotation cycle and decreased the energy consumption of the network. Multiple hops network mode makes the energy consumption of each node in the network is balanced, Reduced the drawback of too much energy be consumed caused by the long-distance transmission and reception of information, effectively prolong the survival time of the node. 5. Conclusion This paper presents a cluster head selection algorithm based on dual LEACH routing protocol: EDCH-LEACH protocol improves the original LEACH protocol cluster head selection policy and networking strategies. Through simulation experiments, compared with LEACH protocol, EDCH-LEACH protocol makes WSN in the overall energy consumption and survival time has improved, reached the purpose of extend the WSN overall working time. Acknowledgements The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (NSF) under grants (No ), Special Fund for Fast Sharing of Science Paper in Net Era by CSTD (FSSP) No ,Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under Grant No , Program for the High-end Talents of Hubei Province, and the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment (SKLSDE-2013KF),Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No: 2011CDB297) and Teaching Research Project of Hubei Province (No: (2011)32). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the above agencies.

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