Module Three SG. Study Guide. Exam Three Content Areas. Module Three. Chapter Seven, Backbone Networks

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1 SG Exam Three will draw questions from multiple content areas including: our networking textbook, our wireless electronic textbook, our assignments and our class lectures. The purpose of this guide is to help you focus your exam preparations. Note One This guide should not be considered a substitute for reading each text chapter and doing each module assignment. Note Two Prior to the exam, you should post the deliverable for each assignment to your online portfolio. Note Three The length and format of this exam will resemble that of previous exams. If there is a matching section, it will draw exclusively from the Keyword presented here. Expect the exam to draw heavily from the two textbooks. Exam Three Content Areas Business Data Communications & Networking Chapter 7, Backbone Networks Chapter 8, Wide Area Networks Chapter 9, The Internet Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide Chapter 1, Overview of Wireless Standards, Organizations, and Fundamentals Chapter 2: Radio Frequency Fundamentals Chapter 5: IEEE Standards Assignments Wireless WAN Technology Broadband Technology Physical Network Segmentation Chapter Seven, Backbone Networks 1. Compare and contrast switches, routers, and gateways. 2. What circumstances require the use of a router?

2 3. Define and explain the three backbone architecture layers. 4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of VLANs? Key Words 1. access layer Layer that is closest to the user. Technologies used in a LAN. 2. backbone network A high speed network that connects many networks. (BN) 3. core layer Part of the backbone that connects the different BNs together, often from building to building. 4. distribution layer Part of the backbone that connects the LANs together. 5. Gateway (Level 7) Translates one network layer protocol into another, translate data link layer protocols, and open sessions between application programs, thus overcoming both hardware and software incompatibilities. 6. Main distribution Connects equipment inside a telecommunications facility to facility (MDF) cables and subscriber carrier equipment. 7. Multi Protocol Label switching (MPLS) Sometimes called a layer-2.5 technology because it inserts 4- byte header that contains its own information between the layer-2 frame and the layer-3 IP packet. 8. Virtual LAN (VLAN) Networks in which computers are assigned to LAN segments by software rather than by hardware. Chapter 8, Wide Area Networks 1. What are common carriers, local exchange carriers, and interexchange carriers? 2. How does Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) work? 3. Compare and contrast circuit-switched services, dedicated-circuit services, and packetswitched services. 4. Compare and contrast ring, star, and mesh WAN architectures. 5. What are the most commonly used T carrier services? What data rates do they provide? 6. What is SONET? 7. How do datagram services differ from virtual circuit services? 8. How do VPN services differ from common carrier services? 9. Explain how VPNs work. Key Words 9. channel service unit/data service unit (CSU/DSU) Digital interface device used to connect a Data Terminal Equipment device (DTE), such as a router, to a digital circuit, such as a T1 line.

3 10. circuit-switched Oldest and simplest approach to WAN circuits. network 11. frame relay A standardized wide area network technology that specifies the physical and logical link layers of digital telecommunications channels using a packet switching methodology. 12. interexchange carrier In the US, a Long distance telephone company, such as MCI, (IXC) Sprint, and the former AT&T. 13. IPSec An end-to-end security scheme operating in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite. 14. L2TP An example of a Level 2 VPN. 15. packet Communications device which provides multiple assembly/disassembly asynchronous terminal connectivity to a packet switching (PAD) network or host computer. 16. synchronous optical Standard for connecting fiber Optic transmission systems. network (SONET) Establishes Optical Carrier (OC) levels from 51.8 Mbps (OC-1) to 9.95 Gbps (OC-192). 17. T carrier Most commonly used form of dedicated-circuit services in 18. virtual private network (VPN) North America today. Using encryption, provides the equivalent of a private packet-switched network over the public Internet. Chapter Nine, The Internet 1. What is the basic structure of the Internet? 2. Explain how the Internet is a network of networks. 3. What is a Network Access Point (NAP)? And how does it compare to a Metropolitan Area Exchange (MAE)? 4. What is WiMax? How does WiMax work? 5. What are the principal organizations responsible for Internet governance, and what do they do? 6. What is the IETF? 7. What is ICANN? 8. What is an RFP? Key Words 19. broadband Originally a technical term that referenced analog transmission." However, the term has been corrupted in common usage so that to most people it usually refers to

4 20. customer premises equipment (CPE) 21. Data over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) 22. digital subscriber line (DSL) 23. DSL access multiplexer (DSLAM) high speed communications. Equipment installed at a customer s location that connects to a carrier s telecommunication s channel. An international telecommunications standard that permits the addition of high-speed data transfer to an existing cable TV system. A family of technologies that provide Internet access by transmitting digital data over the wires of a local telephone network. A network device that connects multiple customer digital subscriber line (DSL) interfaces to a high speed digital communications channel using multiplexing techniques. The committee charged with oversight of the technical and engineering development of the Internet. A nonprofit private organization responsible for the coordination of the global Internet s systems of unique identifiers, and, in particular ensuring its stable and secure operation. 24. Internet Architecture Board (IAB) 25. Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) 26. Internet Engineering An open standards organization that develops and promotes Task Force (IETF) Internet standards. 27. local loop In telephony, the physical link or circuit that connects from the demarcation point of the customer premises to the edge of the common carrier or telecommunications service provider network. 28. request for comment Documents technical and organizational issues related to the (RFC) Internet and Internet Standards. 29. WiMax A standards-based (802.16) technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL. Wireless Readings CWNA: Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide Ch 1: Overview of Wireless Standards, Organizations, and Fundamentals Know the four industry organizations. Understand the roles and responsibilities of the regulatory domain authorities, the IEEE, the IETF, and the Wi-Fi Alliance. Understand core, distribution, and access. Understand wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and phase. Know definition of each RF characteristic.

5 Understand concepts of modulation. ASK, FSK, and PSK Know end of Chapter One : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 19, 20 Ch 2: Radio Frequency Fundamentals Understand wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and phase. Know the definition of each RF characteristic & how each affects wireless LAN design. Remember all RF propagation behaviors. Explain the differences between each RF behavior such as reflection, diffraction, scattering, and so on. Understand attenuation. Remember the four possible results of multipath and their relationship to phase. Multipath may cause downfade, upfade, nulling, and data corruption. Know end of Chapter Two : 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20 Ch 5: IEEE Standards Know the defined spread spectrum technologies of the family. (a,b,g,n,ac) Know the frequency bands used by each PHY as defined by the standard a equipment operates in the 5 GHz UNII bands. DSSS, FHSS, HR-DSSS, and ERP (802.11g) devices transmit and receive in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. Understand that n devices will transmit in either the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz frequency bands. An g access point may be configured as B-only mode, G-only mode, or B/G mixed mode. The three modes support different spread spectrum technologies and have different aggregate throughput results. Explain the defined wireless security standards, both pre i and post i. Before the passage of i, WEP encryption and either Open System or Shared Key authentication were defined. The i calls for use of CCMP/AES for encryption. For authentication, i defines either an 802.1X/EAP solution or the use of PSK authentication. Know end of Chapter Five : 5, 6, 10, 15 Wireless Assignment 1. What type of high speed network runs over telephone lines? 2. Of the popular types of home high speed networks, which one utilizes non-terrestrial networks that typically have a high latency? 3. What type of network would Bluetooth create? 4. What is the IEEE family of standards for wireless networking? 5. How do the different members of the family differ? 6. Which standard utilizes MIMO? 7. What was the original encryption utilized by ?

6 8. What type of encryption was created to improve on WEP but utilize the same hardware? 9. What type of wireless encryption is based on the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)? 10. Disabling SSID broadcast is an important security configuration. 11. What is the general security term used to describe the disabling of SSID broadcast? 12. Can MAC addresses be spoofed? WAN Technology 1. What type of multiplexing does a T1 line employ? 2. When entering a building, what type of media does a T1 line most likely use? 3. With what type of media would a T3 likely use when it enters a building?? 4. How does the cost of non-terrestrial communications compare with conventional terrestrial networking? 5. Other than cost, what is the significant disadvantage of satellite communications? 6. What does the A in "ADSL" represent? 7. What type of media would an ADSL use when it enters a building? 8. What type of DSL is capable of speeds of up to 100Mbit/s? 9. Which technology, circuit or packet switching, is most like the technology utilized by POTS? 10. What is the major criticism of circuit switching? 11. Why is packet switching considered more efficient that circuit switching? 12. What are the three major WAN cable types? 13. What type of cable is typically used in a local area network? 14. What purpose does the twist in TWP copper cable serve? 15. What type of cabling would you use for very long distance and very high speed runs? 16. When you use fiber optic cables, what are two conventional cabling operations that require extra care? Broadband Technology 1. In a broadband context, what is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous communications? 2. What is latency? 3. From Eli's point of view, what is the difference between business and residential service? 4. Why would an ISP block a particular port? 5. What is an SLA? 6. When would you use a T1 line? 7. What are two advantages of a T1 line? 8. What is the primary disadvantage of a T1 line? 9. What is the primary advantage of carrier class Ethernet?

7 10. In wireless networking, what does 'unlimited Internet' mean? 11. In an old building, what could be a problem source concerning DSL service? 12. With a cable connection, what type of problem could be associated with a trunk line? 13. From a business perspective, what is a potential weakness of cable? 14. What is FIOS? 15. What is the reason that you probably don't want a satellite connection? Physical Network Segmentation 1. What is a demarc point? 2. What is the significance of a demark point? 3. What is a Main Distribution Frame (MDF)? 4. What is an Intermediate Distribution Frame (IDF)? 5. In a conventional small network, where would you expect to find the MDF? 6. If you had a network that covered five floors in a building, how many IDF(s) and MDF(s) would you expect to have? 7. What purpose does an IDF serve? Best of luck!