4.1 Introduction to Media and Devices
|
|
- Hannah Jones
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 4 Network Hardware 4.1 Introduction to Media and Devices Many of the issues discussed in this course, such as topology, scalability, and speed, depend on hardware. Unlike many of your computer science classes, networking uses a lot of hardware that is outside of computers: cables or other connections, peripheral devices, and some autonomous devices not directly connected to any client or server machines. However, since many of the tasks performed by these devices are information processing tasks, many of the same tasks may also be performed by ordinary computers. 4.2 Transmission Media The most common method of digital communication is by electricity through copper or other metallic wires. Twisted pair means that two copper wires are twisted around each other. Coaxial cables (or simply coax ), on the other hand, share a single center. All electrical wires carry, in addition to the electrical signal inside them, an electromagnetic field that propagates around them. This field can cause interference with the signal of other wires or radio signals. Coaxial cables can limit some of this electromagnetic field interference because the two wires have the same axis. Ethernet cables are typically four twisted pairs for eight signals, with eight pins on the connectors, which are the same at each end of the cable. Optical fibers have become increasingly important for digital communications. Optical fibers are typically made from very pure glass. The distance 27
2 28 CHAPTER 4. NETWORK HARDWARE alightsignalcantravelthroughanyglassisdeterminedbythepropertiesof the glass so the maximum length of an optical fiber is limited. The center of the fiber and the glass surrounding it have different properties to keep the light going down the center by total internal reflection. 4.3 Hubs, Repeaters The job of a hub or repeater is to simply take a message in and pass it on to very device connected. Since hubs do not limit access or perform switching, the devices communicating on a hub must have a method of handling collisions, as described in the previous chapter. A hub is one of the most common ways to implement an Ethernet local area network (LAN). Recently, many devices sold as hubs are actually switches (or switching hubs), which are described in the following section. 4.4 Bridges and Switches As a local network grows, non-switching devices such as hubs are less able to handle new devices. One reason is simply the physical number of connections possible on each device. Another reason is that more devices mean more collisions, which may mean more time for each packet to successfully be sent. A bridge splits the network into two halves and allows communication between the two halves but only when the communication is relevant to the other half. A table lists the addresses on each side. (Usually, switching is by MAC, Media Access Control, address, described in more detail in Chapters 6and9.) Ifthedestinationaddressonapacketisonthesamesideasthe packet is coming from, there is no need to allow it to pass through to the other side. If the packet s destination address is on the other side then the bridge allows it to pass. A switch is the same as a bridge except that instead of splitting into two halves, the switch breaks the network into multiple segments. As in the bridge, packets can be sent only to the segment on which the destination address is tabled and packets addressed to destinations not on the table can simply be dropped. As switches become faster and less expensive, they are gradually replacing hubs because the reduction of collisions allows more traffic and more speed.
3 4.5. ROUTERS AND GATEWAYS Routers and Gateways Routers are the basic element of the Internet that allows it to function. When apacketissentoverthenetwork,eachrouteritencountersdeterminesthe best path to send the packet. Because of this important role, we will go into more detail about how a router determines the route of a given packet in later lessons. For now, we should understand that the router uses tables similar to switches and bridges. Additionally, a router may use more sophisticated algorithms to determine the shortest or least congested routes, to update tables, etc., in order to dynamically determine the best route. A gateway connects two networks with different protocols. Since these conversions and translations from one protocol to another can be done by software, often a device sold as a router can be used as a gateway. For example, the protocol for your home may be IPX/SPX (discussed in a later class) and the protocol for the network may be TCP/IP. In this case, the home router acts as a gateway between the two protocols. NAT routers implement Network Address Translation protocol, which allows the local area network to use local IP addresses that are not normally visible to the outside network. As you can see, routers have many tasks but their basic function is to send each packet received on to the best route or, sometimes, to discard the packet (for reasons discussed in Chapter 9). 4.6 Wireless Access Points Wireless access points (WAPs) act similarly to hubs and switches but with added security and access control. The main difference is that with a hub or switch, the administrators may assume (perhaps wrongly) that physical access to the device can be controlled. Once physical access to a device is gained, the problems of access and security become much more difficult. However, in the case of wireless access, it is not practical to block access physically because any device within range may send or receive radio signals. Signals from low power wireless devices can still be picked up from hundreds of meters away using easily constructed directional antennae. Similar antennae can be used to direct wireless traffic to an access point. In an urban setting, there may be hundreds or thousands of machines that have radio access to and from a given wireless access point. These vulnerabilities are the main reasons that wireless access points require much more information-
4 30 CHAPTER 4. NETWORK HARDWARE based access control than wired devices. 4.7 Power and Storage Redundancy Redundancy is a general engineering concept which means having more than one resource available to perform a task so that if there is a failure, at least one system may be able to carry out the required task. In networks, many of the media and devices discussed above may be redundant in practice. For example, over a Wide Area Network (WAN) or over the Internet, multiple routes may be available, which allows for failure in a few routers because there will almost always be enough routers to achieve the task of transmitting a given packet. In this section we will learn about two types of system that have the sole purpose of providing redundancy. Redundant power for devices on a network is often provided by UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supplies). Storage redundancy is often provided by RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks). Without these kinds of devices, services would be very unreliable. The time during which a service is not available is called downtime. The network can often route around failures on the network but it is up to the service administrators reduce downtime by making sure that services stay available whenever they are needed even when the power goes out or disk drives break. UPS devices are intended to provide a uniform and unbroken power supply in emergencies and during power signal irregularities. The power signal from electrical mains is AC, alternating current. Electronic devices convert this to DC, direct current, but it is convenient for the UPS devices to be connected directly between the power supply outlet and the device so consumer UPS devices provide AC power. A complete loss of power signal is called a blackout. The UPS provides power from a battery during that time so that services are maintained and no devices need to be rebooted. Other power irregularities may include brownout (also called sag), during which the power falls to 80% or less, and surge, which is when the electrical signal rises to 110% or more of the expected voltage for more than 2.5 seconds. A spike is a very brief but intense increase in power sometimes caused by lightning during electrical storms. A spike can destroy network devices. It is important to note, however, that while many UPS devices can handle a spike in the power signal including some intense spikes from lightning, electrical network connections can also carry a spike that the UPS device will not block.
5 4.8. GLOSSARY 31 RAID Minimum Level disks Description 0 2 Striping only 1 2 Mirroring only 4 3 Three mirrored data disks, one parity disk 5 3 Similar to 4 but with parity distributed across all disks Table 4.1: Several Standard RAID Levels Storage redundancy is essential for all servers. (A server is any hardware or software system that provides a network service, which may include storage, communication, or processing.) In addition to performing routine backup to external storage, many servers are configured to store the same data on multiple disks internally. RAID (usually expanded as Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a set of various technologies for providing faster and more reliable storage. RAID can be implemented in hardware or software and is classified as a standard level based on the type of redundancy used. Some RAID levels are listed in table 4.1. As you can see, not all RAID implementations provide data redundancy or error-checking so the correct level of RAID must be implemented based on the server needs. Mirroring, as we learned in Chapter 3, is maintaining multiple copies of the same data. Striping means splitting contiguous sets of data between two disks, which can improve read/write speeds. Parity in this case may be simple parity (using mirroring for recovery), block parity, or cyclic error checking but these operations may slow down read/write cycles as the parity is computed every time. 4.8 Glossary alternating current (AC) anelectricalpowerdistributionschemein which the voltage alternates between positive and negative. Used to distribute power over long distances from a generating station to the enclosure of a device (where it is converted to DC for internal power distribution).
6 32 CHAPTER 4. NETWORK HARDWARE blackout acompletelossofelectricalpower. bridge adevicethatlogicallyseparatestwolocalareanetworksegments and only forwards relevant packets from one segment to the other. Packets exchanged between two hosts on the same segment is not forwarded to the other segment. brownout a partial loss of electrical power where the power level drops to 80% or less. client anetworkdevicethatconnectstoaserverinordertomakeuseof aservice. coaxial cables (coax) electrical cables in which a central copper conductor is surrounded by an electrical shield designed to prevent interference. copper a metal with very high electrical conductivity used to manufacture most wires and cables. direct current (DC) an electrical power distribution scheme in which the voltage remains constant. Usually used to distribute power over short distances inside a device enclosure. electromagnetic field acombinationofelectricalandmagneticfields that propagate through space at the speed of light and which can be modulated to carry information. An electromagnetic field will cause an electrical disturbance in any conductor that it crosses. Ethernet a wired, electrical physical layer technology for Local Area Networking. gateway a router that connects networks using two different protocols and which performs any necessary conversions in packet format. hub arepeaterthatbroadcastsinformationtransmittedbyoneconnected device to all connected devices. Local Area Network (LAN) a network on which hosts are physically connected to the same medium. mirroring maintainingmultiplecopiesofthesamedataforreliability (retrieval or retransmission in case of data corruption). NAT router arouterthatperformsnetworkaddresstranslation.
7 4.8. GLOSSARY 33 Network Address Translation (NAT) conversionoflocalipaddresses on a LAN to global IP addresses for communication with remote hosts. Destination addresses in replies from remote hosts are translated back to a local IP address and forwarded to the the local machine involved in the communication. optical fiber wire made of glass that carries visible light signals rather than electrical signals. RAID level anumbercharacterisingthekind(s)ofredundancyusedin a RAID array, which might including mirroring and parity. redundancy keepingadditionalidenticalcopiesofdata,potentiallyon different hardware, for reliability. Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) asetofdiskson which data is replicated and/or distributed and/or verified by parity. repeater adevicethatretransmitsasignal,eithertorepairsignaldegradation or to provide broadcast. router anetworknodethatforwardspacketsfromonelantoanother, moving packets closer to their destination with each hop. sag synonymforbrownout. segment (in physical networking) one part of a LAN to which all devices are physically connected. A bridge or switch might connect the segment to others belonging to the same LAN. server amachinethatprovidesaremoteservicetonetworkhostsor devices. spike atransient,potentiallydamaging,increaseinthevoltagelevelon an electrical power distribution line. striping splittingdataacrossmanydiskstoallowparallelreadsand writes during sequential access. surge apotentiallydamagingincreaseinthevoltagelevelonanelectrical power distribution line that lasts for more than a few seconds. switch anetworkdevicethatconnectsseverallansegmentstogether, forwarding traffic between pairs of segments based on the physical destination address.
8 34 CHAPTER 4. NETWORK HARDWARE total internal reflection aphenomenonofwavepropagationthatprevents the wave from passing through a boundary, instead causing it to be entirely reflected. Exploited in fiber optic cable to guide the light signal precisely from source to destination with minimal degradation. twisted pair an electrical signal distribution scheme in which two conductors are wound tightly around each other and a differential (voltage difference) signal transmitted along them. Interference impressed on the conductors causes the same voltage change on both of them, which does not alter the voltage difference between them; the differential signal is therefore largely immune to interference. Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) abattery-poweredunitthat provides AC power to a device for a limited time in case of AC power distribution failure. Wide Area Network (WAN) anetworkcomposedofmorethanone LAN, with routers forwarding traffic between the individual LANs. wireless access point (WAP) adevicethatfunctionslikearouteror switch between a wireless network and a wired network. Additional security methods (such as authentication and encryption) are usually provided to protect the wireless part of the network from unauthorised access or eavesdropping. Copyright 2014 E.W. Cooper and I.K. Piumarta All rights reserved. Permission is granted for you to download, save and then view or print one copy of this document for personal study purposes. No other form of publishing, duplication or redistribution is permitted without explicit prior consent.
Computer Networks. Week 04 Media and Devices. College of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University
Computer Networks Week 04 Media and Devices College of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University Network Media and Devices l When you build a network, the network hardware may be used
More information(Network Programming) Basic Networking Hardware
EEE 448 Computer Networks with (Network Programming) Basic Networking Hardware Lecture #2 Dept of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Çukurova University Agenda What is a network device? Network Media
More informationBasic Communication Concepts
Chapter 3 Basic Communication Concepts 3.1 Introduction This chapter introduces some of the basic concepts of signals and information communication. The following section, 3.2, looks at some of the ways
More informationTCP/IP and OSI Model Ethernet LAN Network Cables Network Devices Network Topologies Redundant Internet Connections VLANs Wireless LANs Upcoming
2 TCP/IP and OSI Model Ethernet LAN Network Cables Network Devices Network Topologies Redundant Internet Connections VLANs Wireless LANs Upcoming Network Technologies 3 4 Elements of the Network Sender
More informationIntroduction to LAN Topologies Cabling. 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. 3-1
Introduction to LAN Topologies Cabling 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. 3-1 Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to perform the following tasks: Media / Cabling Local Area Network Cabling
More informationIntroduction to Information Technology Turban, Rainer and Potter John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright 2005
Introduction to Information Technology Turban, Rainer and Potter John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright 2005 Network and Telecommunications Basics Chapter Outline The telecommunications system Network services
More informationChapter 12. Network Organization and Architecture
Chapter 12 Network Organization and Architecture Chapter 12 Objectives Learn the basic physical components of networks. Become familiar with routing protocols. 2 Computer networks are often classified
More informationInternetworking is connecting two or more computer networks with some sort of routing device to exchange traffic back and forth, and guide traffic on
CBCN4103 Internetworking is connecting two or more computer networks with some sort of routing device to exchange traffic back and forth, and guide traffic on the correct path across the complete network
More informationChapter 9 Introduction to Networks
Chapter 9 Introduction to Networks 9.1 Uses of a network Networks are used in many situations. We can see networks in places like offices, airports and factories. In fact we use networks in many situations
More information2. LAN Topologies Gilbert Ndjatou Page 1
2. LAN Topologies Two basic categories of network topologies exist, physical topologies and logical topologies. The physical topology of a network is the cabling layout used to link devices. This refers
More informationComputer Networks and Internet
Computer Networks and Internet Objectives Computer Networks Internet 2 Computer Networks Introducing Computer Networks A computer network consists of two or more computers linked together to exchange data
More informationComp277 Assignment 1 Fall 2011 Due 20 th December 2011 at 11:00am
Question 1 1. Which of the following are related to two crucial tasks of a network interface cards? a. Establishes and manages the computer s network connection b. Connect the different parts of a motherboard
More informationIntegrating Information Systems: Technology, Strategy, and Organizational Factors
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SLOAN SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT 15.565 Integrating Information Systems: Technology, Strategy, and Organizational Factors 15.578 Global Information Systems: Communications
More informationObjectives. Learn how computers are connected. Become familiar with different types of transmission media
Objectives Learn how computers are connected Become familiar with different types of transmission media Learn the differences between guided and unguided media Learn how protocols enable networking 2 Objectives
More informationCOMPUTER SKILLS COMP101
COMPUTER SKILLS COMP101 Chapter 4 Introduction to Computer Networks Definitions and Terminologies Computer Network A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources
More informationINTRODUCTION TO ICT.
INTRODUCTION TO ICT. (Introducing Basic Network Concepts) Lecture # 24-25 By: M.Nadeem Akhtar. Department of CS & IT. URL: https://sites.google.com/site/nadeemcsuoliict/home/lectures 1 INTRODUCTION TO
More informationWhat is a Network? A connection of two or more computers so that they can share resources.
NETWORKS What is a Network? A connection of two or more computers so that they can share resources. Network Benefits Remote access Sharing files & resources Communication Cost Maintenance Communication
More informationGoal and Outline. Computer Networking. What Do We Need? Today s Story Lecture 3: Packet Switched Networks Peter Steenkiste
Goal and Outline 15-441 15-641 Computer Networking Lecture 3: Packet Switched Networks Peter Steenkiste Fall 2016 www.cs.cmu.edu/~prs/15 441 F16 Goal: gain a basic understanding of how you can build a
More informationCHAPTER 2 - NETWORK DEVICES
CHAPTER 2 - NETWORK DEVICES TRUE/FALSE 1. Repeaters can reformat, resize, or otherwise manipulate the data packet. F PTS: 1 REF: 30 2. Because active hubs have multiple inbound and outbound connections,
More informationComputer Science Department 2 nd semester- Lecture13
Network Devices: The network devices (connecting devices) are divided into five different categories based on the layer in which they operate in a network. NIC (Network Interface Card) is used to enable
More information1.4 VPN Processing Principle and Communication Method
This section contains a description of operation principle and communication method of VPN that can be constructed by SoftEther VPN. An overview of the modules and functions that was used by VPN communications.
More informationIntroduction to Networking Devices
Introduction to Networking Devices Objectives Explain the uses, advantages, and disadvantages of repeaters, hubs, wireless access points, bridges, switches, and routers Define the standards associated
More information3 Chapter Introduction. 3.2 Copper Cable
3 Chapter 3 3.1 Introduction The Network Media is the device that physically carries the data from computer to computer. The three major types of network media are: Copper Cable Fiber-Optic Cable Wireless
More informationLecture #25: Networks and Communications. Communication and Networks. What will we learn?
Lecture #25: Networks and Communications Communication and Networks What will we learn? How a communications system works What a network is What networks used for What network operating systems do What
More informationReview For Exam 2. Internetworking. Summary Questions. School of Business Eastern Illinois University. School of Business Eastern Illinois University
School of Business Review For Exam 2 Wednesday 10/6/2004) Abdou Illia, Fall 2004 School of Business Internetworking 3 1. Name the two most known Medium Access Control Protocols found in LANs. How they
More informationNetwork Media and Layer 1 Functionality
Network Media and Layer 1 Functionality BSAD 146 Dave Novak Dean, Chapter 3, pp 93-124 Objectives Introduction to transmission media Basic cabling Coaxial Twisted pair Optical fiber Basic wireless (NIC)
More informationA+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining Your PC, 8th Edition. Chapter 16 Networking Types, Devices, and Cabling
A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining Your PC, Chapter 16 Networking Types, Devices, and Cabling Objectives Learn about network types and topologies Learn about the hardware used to build local networks Learn
More informationData Communication. Introduction of Communication. Data Communication. Elements of Data Communication (Communication Model)
Data Communication Introduction of Communication The need to communicate is part of man s inherent being. Since the beginning of time the human race has communicated using different techniques and methods.
More informationIT220 Network Standards & Protocols. Unit 4: Chapter 4 Transmitting Bits
1 IT220 Network Standards & Protocols Unit 4: Chapter 4 Transmitting Bits Objectives Differentiate among major types of LAN and WAN technologies and specifications and determine how each is used in a data
More informationWired internetworking devices. Unit objectives Differentiate between basic internetworking devices Identify specialized internetworking devices
Wired internetworking devices Unit objectives Differentiate between basic internetworking devices Identify specialized internetworking devices Topic A Topic A: Basic internetworking devices Topic B: Specialized
More informationNETWORKING COMPONENTS
1) OBJECTIVES NETWORKING COMPONENTS The objectives of this chapter are to familiarize with the following: - i) The LAN components ii) iii) iv) Repeater Hub Bridge v) Router vi) Gateway 2) INTRODUCTION
More informationTYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS What is a Network? A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications.
More informationChapter 9. Ethernet. Part II
Chapter 9 Ethernet Part II CCNA1-1 Chapter 9-2 Note for Instructors These presentations are the result of a collaboration among the instructors at St. Clair College in Windsor, Ontario. Thanks must go
More informationDarshan Institute of Engineering & Technology for Diploma Studies
1. Explain different network devices in detail. Or Explain NIC (Network Interface Card) in detail. Network interface cards are add on cards as hardware cards on the motherboard. This is additional hardware
More informationNetworking interview questions
Networking interview questions What is LAN? LAN is a computer network that spans a relatively small area. Most LANs are confined to a single building or group of buildings. However, one LAN can be connected
More informationGAYATRI COMPUTERS Prepared by : VENKAT.G 1. Module 1: NETWORK BASICS
GAYATRI COMPUTERS Prepared by : VENKAT.G 1 What is Networking? Module 1: NETWORK BASICS Networking: Connecting two or more computers or network devices(routers/print Servers / Firewall Devices..etc) for
More informationThe Internet software layers
1 2 The Internet software layers SMTP, Telnet, FTP, POP3, IMAP TCP, UDP IP: RIP, BGP, OSPF Ethernet, Wireless LAN, Token Ring Twisted pair, coaxial, microwave, optical fiber 3 4 Ethernet 1973 Xerox s researcher
More informationDesigning a Reliable Industrial Ethernet Network
N-TRON Corp. 820 S. University Blvd. Suite 4E Mobile, Al. 36609 Phone: 251-342-2164 Fax: 251-342-6353 Designing a Reliable Industrial Ethernet Network Most of the major manufacturing automation end users
More informationNetworking Devices. Punch_down panels
Networking Devices Punch_down panels Hubs Switches Bridges Routes Gateways Network Interface Cards (NICs) Wireless access points Modems 1 Punch_down panels Wiring closets Labeling schemes 2 1 Hubs The
More informationCOMPONENTS OF DATA COMMUNICATION
COMPONENTS OF DATA COMMUNICATION ANALOG AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION An analog signal is one that is continuous with respect to time and may take on any value within a given range of values. Eg Human voice.
More informationArea Covered is small Area covered is large. Data transfer rate is high Data transfer rate is low
Chapter 15 Networking Concepts 1. Define networking. It is the interconnection of independent computing devices for sharing of information over shared medium. 2. What is the need for networking? / What
More informationLocal Area Network Overview
Local Area Network Overview Chapter 15 CS420/520 Axel Krings Page 1 LAN Applications (1) Personal computer LANs Low cost Limited data rate Back end networks Interconnecting large systems (mainframes and
More informationCH : 15 LOCAL AREA NETWORK OVERVIEW
CH : 15 LOCAL AREA NETWORK OVERVIEW P. 447 LAN (Local Area Network) A LAN consists of a shared transmission medium and a set of hardware and software for interfacing devices to the medium and regulating
More informationET4254 Communications and Networking 1
Topic 10:- Local Area Network Overview Aims:- LAN topologies and media LAN protocol architecture bridges, hubs, layer 2 & 3 switches 1 LAN Applications (1) personal computer LANs low cost limited data
More informationPhysical Layer V What does the physical layer provide?
SEMESTER 1 Chapter 8 Physical Layer V 4.0 90 Points 8.1.1 What does the physical layer provide? What are the four elements of delivering frames across the media? 8.1.2 What are the three basic forms of
More informationThe data transmission mode describes the direction of data flow. It is either simplex, half duplex or full duplex.
Data transmission Data transmission on a network involves serial transmission. It transfers data by sending one bit at a time through a single line. All data on a network is transferred using a data transmission
More informationExtending the LAN. Context. Info 341 Networking and Distributed Applications. Building up the network. How to hook things together. Media NIC 10/18/10
Extending the LAN Info 341 Networking and Distributed Applications Context Building up the network Media NIC Application How to hook things together Transport Internetwork Network Access Physical Internet
More informationNumber: Passing Score: 750 Time Limit: 120 min File Version: 1.0. Microsoft Exam Name: Identity with Windows Server 2016 (beta)
70-742 Number: 70-742 Passing Score: 750 Time Limit: 120 min File Version: 1.0 Microsoft 70-742 Exam Name: Identity with Windows Server 2016 (beta) Sections 1. Understanding Local Area Networks 2. Defining
More informationLayer 2 functionality bridging and switching
Layer 2 functionality bridging and switching BSAD 141 Dave Novak Sources: Network+ Guide to Networks, Dean 2013 Overview Layer 2 functionality Error detection Bridges Broadcast and collision domains How
More informationChapter 4 NETWORK HARDWARE
Chapter 4 NETWORK HARDWARE 1 Network Devices As Organizations grow, so do their networks Growth in number of users Geographical Growth Network Devices : Are products used to expand or connect networks.
More informationData Communication. Chapter # 1: Introduction. By: William Stalling
Data Communication Chapter # 1: By: Introduction William Stalling Data Communication The exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium such as cable wire. For data communications
More informationFINAL EXAM REVIEW PLEASE NOTE THE MATERIAL FROM LECTURE #16 at the end. Exam 1 Review Material
FINAL EXAM REVIEW PLEASE NOTE THE MATERIAL FROM LECTURE #16 at the end Chapters in the book 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 Exam 1 Review Material Topics You are also responsible for the reading in the chapters understanding
More informationwith its cables, connectors, Switches, Hubs and topologies
Introduction to LAN www.mycsvtunotes.in with its cables, connectors, Switches, Hubs and topologies LAN Small interconnected computers or workstations within a building or small area up to 10 Kms. Small
More informationSection 3.1: Network Adapters
Section 3.1: Network Adapters This section examines using a network adapter (network interface card or NIC) to connect a host to the network medium. Students will become familiar with the function of:
More informationLANs do not normally operate in isolation. They are connected to one another or to the Internet. To connect LANs, connecting devices are needed.
LAN interconnecting devices INTRODUCTION LANs do not normally operate in isolation. They are connected to one another or to the Internet. To connect LANs, connecting devices are needed. Connecting devices
More informationA+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e. Chapter 10 Networking Essentials
A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e Chapter 10 Networking Essentials Objectives Learn about hardware devices used for networking Learn about the different types of networks
More informationWEEK 9 TCP/IP, PHYSICAL AND DATA LINK LAYERS
WEEK 9 TCP/IP, PHYSICAL AND DATA LINK LAYERS PHYSICAL LAYER Physical (hardware) layer: lowest level layer of the Internet Model. - Contains the actual network hardware cables, antennas, network interfaces
More informationThursday, May 29,
1 Computer Networks in The Home Connecting your computers, peripherals and other electronic devices with Ethernet using TCP/IP 1 Introduction Home Networking - connecting computers and other devices together
More informationRevision of Previous Lectures
Lecture 15 Overview Last Lecture Local area networking This Lecture Wide area networking 1 Source: chapters 8.1-8.3, 17.1, 18.1, 18.2 Next Lecture Wide area networking 2 Source: Chapter 20 COSC244 Lecture
More informationIntroduction. High Speed LANs. Emergence of High-Speed LANs. Characteristics of High Speed LANS. Text ch. 6, High-Speed Networks and
High Speed LANs 3BA33 David Lewis 2 nd Semester 2006-07 3BA33 D.Lewis 2007 1 Characteristics of High Speed LANS 3BA33 D.Lewis 2007 3 Introduction Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet Fibre Channel High-speed
More informationSpecial expressions, phrases, abbreviations and terms of Computer Networks
access access point adapter Adderssing Realm ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line) algorithm amplify amplitude analog antenna application architecture ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) AS (Autonomous
More informationOSI Model. Teran Subasinghe MBCS, Bsc.(Hons) in Computer Science - University of Greenwich, UK
OSI Model Teran Subasinghe MBCS, Bsc.(Hons) in Computer Science - University of Greenwich, UK What is OSI Model? Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model Developed in 1984 by the International Standards
More informationCN [Network Devices]
Q`.1 Explain Repeater. A repeater is a device that operates only at the PHYSICAL layer. A repeater can be used to increase the length of the network by put the effect on the signal. It connects two segments
More informationDesigning a Reliable Industrial Ethernet Network
N-TRON Corp. 820 S. University Blvd. Suite 4E Mobile, Al. 36609 Phone: 251-342-2164 Fax: 251-342-6353 Designing a Reliable Industrial Ethernet Network Most of the major manufacturing automation end users
More informationMore on LANS. LAN Wiring, Interface
More on LANS Chapters 10-11 LAN Wiring, Interface Mostly covered this material already NIC = Network Interface Card Separate processor, buffers incoming/outgoing data CPU might not be able to keep up network
More informationReview: Networking Fall Final
Review: Networking Fall Final Question 1 of 43 You have implemented a network where each device provides shared files with all other devices on the network. What type of network do you have? Peer to peer
More informationChapter 3.8 Common Network Environments, Connectivity and Security Issues
Chapter 3.8 Common Network Environments, Connectivity and Security Issues 3.8 (a) Different media for transmitting data and their carrying capabilities. Most of this is covered in Chapter 1.5 in the AS
More informationBrief Summary of the Chapter: CHAPTER 1 NETWORKING AND OPEN STANDARDS In this chapter we are going to study about computer Networks, associated terminology and related concept along with network devices.
More informationData Communication and Network. Introducing Networks
Data Communication and Network Introducing Networks Introduction to Networking Computer network, or simply network Refers to the connection of two or more computers by some type of medium You can connect
More informationChapter 4: Network Access
4.0.1.1 Chapter 4: Network Access To support our communication, the OSI model divides the functions of a data network into layers. Each layer works with the layers above and below to transmit data. 4.0.1.2
More informationData and Computer Communications
Data and Computer Communications Chapter 16 High Speed LANs Eighth Edition by William Stallings Why High Speed LANs? speed and power of PCs has risen graphics-intensive applications and GUIs see LANs as
More informationCCNA Exploration1 Chapter 7: OSI Data Link Layer
CCNA Exploration1 Chapter 7: OSI Data Link Layer LOCAL CISCO ACADEMY ELSYS TU INSTRUCTOR: STELA STEFANOVA 1 Explain the role of Data Link layer protocols in data transmission; Objectives Describe how the
More information3.5 CONNECTING DEVICES
3.5 CONNECTING DEVICES LANs or WANs do not normally operate in isolation. They are connected to one another or to the Internet. To connect LANs and WANs together we use connecting devices. Connecting devices
More informationCisco Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)
Cisco 200-125 Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) http://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/200-125 Question: 769 Refer to exhibit: Which destination addresses will be used by Host A to send data
More informationPengantar Teknologi Informasi dan Teknologi Hijau. Suryo Widiantoro, ST, MMSI, M.Com(IS)
Pengantar Teknologi Informasi dan Teknologi Hijau Suryo Widiantoro, ST, MMSI, M.Com(IS) 1 Topics covered 1. From analog to digital age 2. Networks 3. Wired-communication data 4. Wireless-communication
More informationUnit 10. Networks. Copyright 2005 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved.
Unit 10 Networks Copyright 2005 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved. The basic components of a network: Connections (Physical Medium) Protocols (Common language) Services (Clients, Servers, and
More informationModule 5. Broadcast Communication Networks. Version 2 CSE IIT, Kharagpur
Module 5 Broadcast Communication Networks Lesson 5 High Speed LANs Token Ring Based Specific Instructional Objectives On completion, the student will be able to: Explain different categories of High Speed
More informationCome & Join Us at VUSTUDENTS.net
Come & Join Us at VUSTUDENTS.net For Assignment Solution, GDB, Online Quizzes, Helping Study material, Past Solved Papers, Solved MCQs, Current Papers, E-Books & more. Go to http://www.vustudents.net and
More informationLesson 1: Network Communications
Lesson 1: Network Communications This lesson introduces the basic building blocks of network communications and some of the structures used to construct data networks. There are many different kinds of
More informationA+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e. Chapter 10 Networking Essentials
A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e Chapter 10 Networking Essentials Objectives Learn about hardware devices used for networking Learn about the different types of networks
More information6.1.2 Repeaters. Figure Repeater connecting two LAN segments. Figure Operation of a repeater as a level-1 relay
6.1.2 Repeaters A single Ethernet segment can have a maximum length of 500 meters with a maximum of 100 stations (in a cheapernet segment it is 185m). To extend the length of the network, a repeater may
More informationPrinciples behind data link layer services
Data link layer Goals: Principles behind data link layer services Error detection, correction Sharing a broadcast channel: Multiple access Link layer addressing Reliable data transfer, flow control: Done!
More informationIT114 NETWORK+ Learning Unit 1 Objectives: 1, 2 Time In-Class Time Out-Of-Class Hours 2-3. Lectures: Course Introduction and Overview
IT114 NETWORK+ Course Objectives Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: 1. Identify the devices and elements of computer networks; 2. Diagram network models using the appropriate
More informationLAN Overview (part 2) Interconnecting LANs - Hubs
LAN Overview (part 2) CSE 3213 Fall 2011 1 November 2011 Interconnecting LANs - Hubs active central element of star layout each station connected to hub by two UTP lines hub acts as a repeater limited
More informationPrinciples behind data link layer services:
Data link layer Goals: Principles behind data link layer services: Error detection, correction Sharing a broadcast channel: Multiple access Link layer addressing Reliable data transfer, flow control Example
More informationPrinciples behind data link layer services:
Data link layer Goals: Principles behind data link layer services: Error detection, correction Sharing a broadcast channel: Multiple access Link layer addressing Reliable data transfer, flow control Example
More informationChapter 10: Planning and Cabling Networks
Chapter 10: Planning and Cabling Networks Before using an IP phone, accessing instant messaging, or conducting any number of other interactions over a data network, we must connect end devices and intermediary
More informationCS 3201 Computer Networks 2014/2015 Handout: Lab 3
Lab Content: - Network Devices - Ethernet Network - MAC Address Network Devices: - Hubs, MAU s, and Repeaters Hubs Hubs are one of the most important components of a network because they act as a central
More informationTechnology in Action. Chapter 12 Behind the Scenes: Networking and Security. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Technology in Action Chapter 12 Behind the Scenes: Networking and Security 1 Networking Advantages Networks Increase productivity Enable the sharing of hardware resources Facilitate knowledge sharing Enable
More informationCSC Introduction to Computers and Their Applications
CSC 170 - Introduction to Computers and Their Applications Lecture 6 An Introduction to Networks Communication Systems Networks can be classified in many ways; as a network user, you ll want to keep in
More informationOutline. A Professional Company in Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Copyright , EstiNet Technologies Inc. All Rights Reserved..
Physical Layer Outline Signal Propagation Media The Calculation of Signal Delivery Time The Evaluation of End-to-end Delay Signal Encoding and Modulation Wired Signal s Encoding, Decoding and Decoding
More informationIntroduction to Networks and the Internet
Introduction to Networks and the Internet HTML tutorial today. Announcements CMPE 80N Spring 2003 Week 5 1 2 MAC Protocols MAC Protocols Round-robin. Scheduled-access. Contention-based. Contention-based
More information1. What type of network cable is used between a terminal and a console port? cross-over straight-through rollover patch cable 2.
1. What type of network cable is used between a terminal and a console port? cross-over straight-through rollover patch cable 2. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has decided to use packet
More informationITEC 3800 Data Communication and Network. Introducing Networks
ITEC 3800 Data Communication and Network Introducing Networks Introduction to Networking Computer network, or simply network Refers to the connection of two or more computers by some type of medium You
More informationFundamentals of Networking Introduction to Networking Devices
Fundamentals of Networking Introduction to Networking Devices Kuldeep Sonar 1 NIC (Network Interface Card) A network interface provides connectivity from an end-user PC or laptop to the public network.
More informationChapter Topics Part 1. Network Definitions. Behind the Scenes: Networking and Security
Chapter Topics Part 1 Behind the Scenes: Networking and Security CS10001 Computer Literacy Business Networks Network Advantages Client/Server Networks Network Classifications Servers Toplogies Chapter
More information1: Review Of Semester Provide an overview of encapsulation.
1: Review Of Semester 1 1.1.1.1. Provide an overview of encapsulation. Networking evolves to support current and future applications. By dividing and organizing the networking tasks into separate layers/functions,
More informationChapter 6 Medium Access Control Protocols and Local Area Networks
Chapter 6 Medium Access Control Protocols and Local Area Networks Part II: Local Area Networks LAN Bridges CSE 3213, Winter 2010 Instructor: Foroohar Foroozan Repeaters, Bridges & Routers Why Connecting
More informationDr./ Ahmed Mohamed Rabie Sayed
1 Dr./ Ahmed Mohamed Rabie Sayed 2 A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together to exchange data and share resources, including expensive peripherals. 3 A local area network (LAN)
More informationBABU MADHAV INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, UTU 2017
5 years Integrated M.Sc (IT) Semester 3 Question Bank 060010310 DSE4 Computer Networks Unit 1 Introduction Short Questions 1. State the term data with respect to computer network. 2. What is data communication?
More information