PLANEAMENTO E GESTÃO DE REDES INFORMÁTICAS COMPUTER NETWORKS PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

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1 Mestrado em Engenharia Informática e de Computadores PLANEAMENTO E GESTÃO DE REDES INFORMÁTICAS COMPUTER NETWORKS PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT Tecnologias de Redes Informáticas - I - Computer Networks Technologies - I 1

2 Local Area Networks - LAN A Local Area Network, or LAN, is a collection of computing devices connected together by some means in order to share or pool resources. The physical method, or medium, by which these devices are connected together is commonly referred to as the data link. The data link may be a fiber-optic cable, twistedpair wires, coaxial cable, or even radio waves and infrared light. 2

3 Local Area Networks - LAN Devices attached to a LAN share a common method for accessing the data link via a Network Interface Card (NIC). LANs are defined in terms of the protocol and the topology used for accessing the network. The networking protocol is the set of rules established for users to exchange information. The topology is the network architecture used to interconnect the networking equipment. LAN 3

4 LAN Topologies The most common architecture topologies for LANs are the RING, the BUS and the STAR. 4

5 LAN Bridges When LANs become overcrowded, boundaries must be created between groups of devices. This scenario is accomplished via a piece of equipment that plays a bridge role. A bridge effectively takes a large LAN and breaks it down into smaller segments. Bridging prevents frames destined between two devices on the same segment from traversing the data links on other segments. 5

6 LAN Bridging Because some frames are not destined to a specific device, but rather to all devices on the network, the bridge must forward these broadcast packets to all segments. 6

7 Direct versus Switched Networks n links Single link Direct Switches Switched " Direct Network Limitations: Distance (coordination delay; propagation limitation) Number of hosts (collisions; shared bandwidth; address tables) Single link technology (cannot mix optical, wireless, ) " Internetworking: Externality gain at low cost 7

8 LAN Switches A LAN Switch is a device that provides a much higher port density than traditional bridges at a lower cost. The LAN switch is a multiport bridge with highspeed application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), increased memory, and software intelligence to process the frames efficiently. A switch receives incoming packets on one of its physical ports and, if necessary, sends them back out on another port. Each port in a LAN switch is in its own collision domain. This microsegmentation allows the creation of private or dedicated segments, that is, one user per segment. 8

9 LAN Switches A LAN switch is capable of supporting multiple simultaneous connections between network devices connected to its ports. Users connected directly to a switch port receive instant access to the full bandwidth of their connected media (for example, 100 megabits [Mb] for Fast Ethernet) and they do not have to contend for available bandwidth with other users on the network. A LAN switch forwards frames based on either the MAC (Media Access Control) address or, in some cases, the network address (for a multilayer LAN switch, operating at the same layer as a router) of the frame. 9

10 Routers A Router connects two or more devices together on separate networks. On a router, the connection between devices is a logical path that may span many routers and data links. The job of the router is to keep track of which path to use when transferring data from one network to another. The path that data follows between networks is known as the route. As data moves along the route passing through routers, each router it passes through is commonly referred to as a hop. 10

11 Routers To determine which routes to use and which routes are the most optimal, routers use a set of rules called routing protocols and store the results in routing tables. When a router receives a packet, it makes a routing decision based on the network destination address portion of the packet. If the destination address is within a known network, the router forwards the packet to the next-hop router for that destination network. After the packet leaves the router, the next-hop router is responsible for forwarding the packet to its final destination. 11

12 Examples: Home Network 12

13 Examples: Cisco GSR PLANEAMENTO E GESTÃO DE REDES INFORMÁTICAS COMPUTER NETWORKS PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT 13

14 Examples: Juniper M160 Juniper M ft Capacity: 80Gb/s Power: 2.6kW 2.5ft 14

15 Examples: Cisco

16 Examples: Cisco catalyst 6500 EECS 122 Walrand 16 16

17 Examples: Extreme - Summit 17

18 Examples: Foundry - ServerIron 18

19 19

20 References and Readings WWW PLANEAMENTO E GESTÃO DE REDES INFORMÁTICAS COMPUTER NETWORKS PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT 20

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