3 PHASE FAULT ANALYSIS WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY FAULT AND TRIP FOR PREMANENT

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1 e-issn Volume 3 Issue 4, April 2017 pp Scientific Journal Impact Factor : PHASE FAULT ANALYSIS WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY FAULT AND TRIP FOR PREMANENT Piyush Maurya 1, Abhijeet Kumar 2, Vishwamohan Pandey 3, Rahul Pandey 4 1,2,3,4 GLBITM, Gr. Noida, U.P. Abstract: Electrical Power System protection is required for protection of both user and the system equipment itself from fault, hence electrical power system is not allowed to operate without any protection devices installed. Power System fault is defined as undesirable condition that occurs in the power system. These undesirable conditions such as short circuit, current leakage, ground short, over current and over voltage. With the increasing loads, voltages and short-circuit duty in distribution system, over current protection has become more important today. Keywords : 3 Phase Fault Analysis including Transformer, 8051 microcontroller, voltage regulator, relay, GSM kit. I. INTRODUCTION The aim of this Industrial Fault Indication System with over Voltage over Temperature Using OPAMP. Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report is to design a fault indication system with over voltage and over current. The block diagram shows to measure the voltage, current, and resistance to design analog circuits to measure three parameters and ready to outputs. The outputs of analog circuit are connected to LM358 and LM358 is connected to microcontroller to get the desired parameter. The set point is predefined in the program and when the set point exceeds then dc motor will become into the on condition. The AT89S52 is a low-power 8-bit microcomputer with high-performance CMOS and 8Kbytes of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). The onchip Flash makes the program memory to be reprogrammed by a nonvolatile memory programmer. Combining 8-bit CPU and Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 becomes a powerful microcomputer to provide a highly flexible and cost-effective solution to embedded control applications. Its applications are Sensor Interface, Process Control, Data Acquisition, and Battery Operated Systems. The Microchip Technology devices are 12-bit Analog to-digital (A/D) Converters with hold circuitry and on-board sample. It is programmable to provide two pseudo input pairs or four single ended inputs or eight single ended inputs. Communication of the devices is completed with the help of a simple serial interface compatible with the SPI protocol. The power supply unit provides constant 5 V dc supply to the peripherals. Regulator LM7805 is a digital IC which is used for regulating the output and provides a constant 5V DC supply as output. To measure the voltage, current, we need to design analog circuits. These analog circuits measure these three parameters and ready to corresponding outputs. The outputs of these analog circuits are to be connected LM358, this operational amplifier is connected to micro controller so that it can acquire desired parameter. The set point is predefined in the program whenever the set point exceeds or the reading below the set point of temperature dc motor comes into the on condition. Similarly green and red leds indicates the voltage. These readings can then display on the LCD All rights Reserved 80

2 AIM OF THE PROJECT ANALYSIS OF FAULT IN 3 PHASE TRANSMISSION LINES II. GENERAL BLOCK DIAGRM III. HARDWARE COMPONENT 8051 MICROCONTROLLER RELAY TRANSFORMER GSM KIT VOLTAGE REGULATOR CAPACITOR BRIDGE RECTIFIER 8051 MICROCONTROLLER AT89S52 The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of insystem programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller, which provides a highly flexible and cost-effective solution to many, embedded control applications. The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down All rights Reserved 81

3 saves the RAM con-tents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt. RELAYS: The representation of relays and contactors in the electrical circuit diagram is identical, as their operating principle. i. Relays are used to switch relatively small output and current. ii. Contactor to switch relatively large output and currents. a) Definition Relay: A relay is an electrically operated switch/electromagnetically actuated switch. Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The coil current can be ON or OFF so relays have two switch positions and most have double throw (changeover) switch contacts. b) Types of Relays: Relays are usuallly SPDT (Single Pole Double Throw) or DPDT (Double Pole Double Throw) but they can have many more sets of switch contacts. Poles : the number of sets of contacts Throw : The number of positions or combinations (open or close) the contacts have. The relay's switch connections are usually labeled as COM, NC and NO: COM = Common, always connect to this, it is the moving part of the switch. NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off. NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on. Connect to COM and NO if you want the switched circuit to be on when the relay coil is on. Connect to COM and NC if you want the switched circuit to be on when the relay coil is off. HOW RELAY WORKS 1. When switch is ON/press, the current will flow through the coil. 2. It will energize the electromagnet. 3. Then the coil (electromagnet) will attract the lever. 4. After the lever touch each other, the electricity will flow to the load. Relay can be used for various regulating, control and monitoring functions. As interfaces between control circuits and load circuits For signal multiplication For separation of direct current and alternating current circuits For delaying, generating and converting signals and For linking information.. GSM MODEM A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves. Like a GSM mobile phone, a GSM modem requires a SIM card from a wireless carrier in order to operate. Circuit Operation: According to the conventional model of current flow originally established by Benjamin Franklin and still followed by most engineers today, current is assumed to flow through electrical conductors from the positive to the negative pole. In actuality, free electrons in a conductor nearly always All rights Reserved 82

4 from the negative to the positive pole. In the vast majority of applications, however, the actual direction of current flow is irrelevant. Therefore, in the discussion below the conventional model is retained. In the diagrams below, when the input connected to the left corner of the diamond is positive, and the input connected to the right corner is negative, current flows from the upper supply terminal to the right along the red (positive) path to the output, and returns to the lower supply terminal via the blue (negative) path. When the input connected to the left corner is negative, and the input connected to the right corner is positive, current flows from the lower supply terminal to the right along the red path to the output, and returns to the upper supply terminal via the blue path. In each case, the upper right output remains positive and lower right output negative. Since this is true whether the input is AC or DC, this circuit not only produces a DC output from an AC input, it can also provide what is sometimes called "reverse polarity protection". That is, it permits normal functioning of DC-powered equipment when batteries have been installed backwards, or when the leads (wires) from a DC power source have been reversed, and protects the equipment from potential damage caused by reverse polarity. Prior to availability of integrated electronics, such a bridge rectifier was always constructed from discrete components. Since about 1950, a single four-terminal component containing the four diodes connected in the bridge configuration became a standard commercial component and is now available with various voltage and current ratings. IV. CONCLUSION This project designs an indication system with over voltage and over current. It measures the voltage, current, and resistance to design analog circuits. With the knowledge of operation of the system was tested step by step to the transistor output and the load was connected across the collector terminal of the transistor. The whole system was packed in a plastic casing and provision was made for the IR to sense light from the outside. REFERENCES The following are some other sites from people who have similar knowledge and explaination. I have collected these website for your further understanding of how power saver All rights Reserved 83

5 [1] Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems Using Assembly and C-2nd [2] All datasheets from [3] About AT89s8252 from [4] [5] de.pdf. [6] Nhivekar G.S. and Mudholkar R.R Microcontroller Based IR Remote Control Signal Decoder for Home Application AASR 2011, 2(4): [7] All rights Reserved 84

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