R&S RT-ZVC Multi-Channel Power Probe User Manual

Transcription

1 R&S RT-ZVC Multi-Channel Power Probe User Manual (=JEW2) User Manual

2 This user manual describes the following R&S RT-ZVC models: R&S RT-ZVC04 2x4 voltage/current channels for R&S RTO2000/RTE ( ) R&S RT-ZVC02 2x2 voltage/current channels for R&S RTO2000/RTE ( ) R&S RT-ZVC04 2x4 voltage/current channels for R&S CMWrun ( ) R&S RT-ZVC02 2x2 voltage/current channels for R&S CMWrun ( ) 2017 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Mühldorfstr. 15, München, Germany Phone: Fax: info@rohde-schwarz.com Internet: Subject to change Data without tolerance limits is not binding. R&S is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG. Trade names are trademarks of their owners. The following abbreviations are used in this manual: R&S RT-ZVC is abbreviated as R&S RT-ZVC. R&S CMWrun is abbreviated as R&S CMWrun. R&S RTO2000 and R&S RTE are abbreviated as R&S RTx. R&S RTO-B1E and R&S RTE-B1E are abbreviated as R&S RTx-B1E.

3 Basic Safety Instructions Always read through and comply with the following safety instructions! All plants and locations of the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies make every effort to keep the safety standards of our products up to date and to offer our customers the highest possible degree of safety. Our products and the auxiliary equipment they require are designed, built and tested in accordance with the safety standards that apply in each case. Compliance with these standards is continuously monitored by our quality assurance system. The product described here has been designed, built and tested in accordance with the EC Certificate of Conformity and has left the manufacturer s plant in a condition fully complying with safety standards. To maintain this condition and to ensure safe operation, you must observe all instructions and warnings provided in this manual. If you have any questions regarding these safety instructions, the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies will be happy to answer them. Furthermore, it is your responsibility to use the product in an appropriate manner. This product is designed for use solely in industrial and laboratory environments or, if expressly permitted, also in the field and must not be used in any way that may cause personal injury or property damage. You are responsible if the product is used for any purpose other than its designated purpose or in disregard of the manufacturer's instructions. The manufacturer shall assume no responsibility for such use of the product. The product is used for its designated purpose if it is used in accordance with its product documentation and within its performance limits (see data sheet, documentation, the following safety instructions). Using the product requires technical skills and, in some cases, a basic knowledge of English. It is therefore essential that only skilled and specialized staff or thoroughly trained personnel with the required skills be allowed to use the product. If personal safety gear is required for using Rohde & Schwarz products, this will be indicated at the appropriate place in the product documentation. Keep the basic safety instructions and the product documentation in a safe place and pass them on to the subsequent users. Observing the safety instructions will help prevent personal injury or damage of any kind caused by dangerous situations. Therefore, carefully read through and adhere to the following safety instructions before and when using the product. It is also absolutely essential to observe the additional safety instructions on personal safety, for example, that appear in relevant parts of the product documentation. In these safety instructions, the word "product" refers to all merchandise sold and distributed by the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies, including instruments, systems and all accessories. For product-specific information, see the data sheet and the product documentation. Safety labels on products The following safety labels are used on products to warn against risks and dangers. Symbol Meaning Symbol Meaning Notice, general danger location ON/OFF Power Observe product documentation Caution when handling heavy equipment Standby indication Danger of electric shock Direct current (DC) Page 1

4 Basic Safety Instructions Symbol Meaning Symbol Meaning Caution! Hot surface Alternating current (AC) Protective conductor terminal To identify any terminal which is intended for connection to an external conductor for protection against electric shock in case of a fault, or the terminal of a protective earth Earth (Ground) Frame or chassis Ground terminal Direct/alternating current (DC/AC) Class II Equipment to identify equipment meeting the safety requirements specified for Class II equipment (device protected by double or reinforced insulation) EU labeling for batteries and accumulators For additional information, see section "Waste disposal/environmental protection", item 1. Be careful when handling electrostatic sensitive devices EU labeling for separate collection of electrical and electronic devices For additional information, see section "Waste disposal/environmental protection", item 2. Warning! Laser radiation For additional information, see section "Operation", item 7. Signal words and their meaning The following signal words are used in the product documentation in order to warn the reader about risks and dangers. Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury. Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury. Indicates information considered important, but not hazard-related, e.g. messages relating to property damage. In the product documentation, the word ATTENTION is used synonymously. These signal words are in accordance with the standard definition for civil applications in the European Economic Area. Definitions that deviate from the standard definition may also exist in other economic areas or military applications. It is therefore essential to make sure that the signal words described here are always used only in connection with the related product documentation and the related product. The use of signal words in connection with unrelated products or documentation can result in misinterpretation and in personal injury or material damage Page 2

5 Basic Safety Instructions Operating states and operating positions The product may be operated only under the operating conditions and in the positions specified by the manufacturer, without the product's ventilation being obstructed. If the manufacturer's specifications are not observed, this can result in electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or death. Applicable local or national safety regulations and rules for the prevention of accidents must be observed in all work performed. 1. Unless otherwise specified, the following requirements apply to Rohde & Schwarz products: predefined operating position is always with the housing floor facing down, IP protection 2X, use only indoors, max. operating altitude 2000 m above sea level, max. transport altitude 4500 m above sea level. A tolerance of ±10 % shall apply to the nominal voltage and ±5 % to the nominal frequency, overvoltage category 2, pollution degree Do not place the product on surfaces, vehicles, cabinets or tables that for reasons of weight or stability are unsuitable for this purpose. Always follow the manufacturer's installation instructions when installing the product and fastening it to objects or structures (e.g. walls and shelves). An installation that is not carried out as described in the product documentation could result in personal injury or even death. 3. Do not place the product on heat-generating devices such as radiators or fan heaters. The ambient temperature must not exceed the maximum temperature specified in the product documentation or in the data sheet. Product overheating can cause electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or even death. Electrical safety If the information on electrical safety is not observed either at all or to the extent necessary, electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or death may occur. 1. Prior to switching on the product, always ensure that the nominal voltage setting on the product matches the nominal voltage of the mains-supply network. If a different voltage is to be set, the power fuse of the product may have to be changed accordingly. 2. In the case of products of safety class I with movable power cord and connector, operation is permitted only on sockets with a protective conductor contact and protective conductor. 3. Intentionally breaking the protective conductor either in the feed line or in the product itself is not permitted. Doing so can result in the danger of an electric shock from the product. If extension cords or connector strips are implemented, they must be checked on a regular basis to ensure that they are safe to use. 4. If there is no power switch for disconnecting the product from the mains, or if the power switch is not suitable for this purpose, use the plug of the connecting cable to disconnect the product from the mains. In such cases, always ensure that the power plug is easily reachable and accessible at all times. For example, if the power plug is the disconnecting device, the length of the connecting cable must not exceed 3 m. Functional or electronic switches are not suitable for providing disconnection from the AC supply network. If products without power switches are integrated into racks or systems, the disconnecting device must be provided at the system level. 5. Never use the product if the power cable is damaged. Check the power cables on a regular basis to ensure that they are in proper operating condition. By taking appropriate safety measures and carefully laying the power cable, ensure that the cable cannot be damaged and that no one can be hurt by, for example, tripping over the cable or suffering an electric shock Page 3

6 Basic Safety Instructions 6. The product may be operated only from TN/TT supply networks fuse-protected with max. 16 A (higher fuse only after consulting with the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies). 7. Do not insert the plug into sockets that are dusty or dirty. Insert the plug firmly and all the way into the socket provided for this purpose. Otherwise, sparks that result in fire and/or injuries may occur. 8. Do not overload any sockets, extension cords or connector strips; doing so can cause fire or electric shocks. 9. For measurements in circuits with voltages Vrms > 30 V, suitable measures (e.g. appropriate measuring equipment, fuse protection, current limiting, electrical separation, insulation) should be taken to avoid any hazards. 10. Ensure that the connections with information technology equipment, e.g. PCs or other industrial computers, comply with the IEC / EN or IEC / EN standards that apply in each case. 11. Unless expressly permitted, never remove the cover or any part of the housing while the product is in operation. Doing so will expose circuits and components and can lead to injuries, fire or damage to the product. 12. If a product is to be permanently installed, the connection between the protective conductor terminal on site and the product's protective conductor must be made first before any other connection is made. The product may be installed and connected only by a licensed electrician. 13. For permanently installed equipment without built-in fuses, circuit breakers or similar protective devices, the supply circuit must be fuse-protected in such a way that anyone who has access to the product, as well as the product itself, is adequately protected from injury or damage. 14. Use suitable overvoltage protection to ensure that no overvoltage (such as that caused by a bolt of lightning) can reach the product. Otherwise, the person operating the product will be exposed to the danger of an electric shock. 15. Any object that is not designed to be placed in the openings of the housing must not be used for this purpose. Doing so can cause short circuits inside the product and/or electric shocks, fire or injuries. 16. Unless specified otherwise, products are not liquid-proof (see also section "Operating states and operating positions", item 1). Therefore, the equipment must be protected against penetration by liquids. If the necessary precautions are not taken, the user may suffer electric shock or the product itself may be damaged, which can also lead to personal injury. 17. Never use the product under conditions in which condensation has formed or can form in or on the product, e.g. if the product has been moved from a cold to a warm environment. Penetration by water increases the risk of electric shock. 18. Prior to cleaning the product, disconnect it completely from the power supply (e.g. AC supply network or battery). Use a soft, non-linting cloth to clean the product. Never use chemical cleaning agents such as alcohol, acetone or diluents for cellulose lacquers. Operation 1. Operating the products requires special training and intense concentration. Make sure that persons who use the products are physically, mentally and emotionally fit enough to do so; otherwise, injuries or material damage may occur. It is the responsibility of the employer/operator to select suitable personnel for operating the products Page 4

7 Basic Safety Instructions 2. Before you move or transport the product, read and observe the section titled "Transport". 3. As with all industrially manufactured goods, the use of substances that induce an allergic reaction (allergens) such as nickel cannot be generally excluded. If you develop an allergic reaction (such as a skin rash, frequent sneezing, red eyes or respiratory difficulties) when using a Rohde & Schwarz product, consult a physician immediately to determine the cause and to prevent health problems or stress. 4. Before you start processing the product mechanically and/or thermally, or before you take it apart, be sure to read and pay special attention to the section titled "Waste disposal/environmental protection", item Depending on the function, certain products such as RF radio equipment can produce an elevated level of electromagnetic radiation. Considering that unborn babies require increased protection, pregnant women must be protected by appropriate measures. Persons with pacemakers may also be exposed to risks from electromagnetic radiation. The employer/operator must evaluate workplaces where there is a special risk of exposure to radiation and, if necessary, take measures to avert the potential danger. 6. Should a fire occur, the product may release hazardous substances (gases, fluids, etc.) that can cause health problems. Therefore, suitable measures must be taken, e.g. protective masks and protective clothing must be worn. 7. Laser products are given warning labels that are standardized according to their laser class. Lasers can cause biological harm due to the properties of their radiation and due to their extremely concentrated electromagnetic power. If a laser product (e.g. a CD/DVD drive) is integrated into a Rohde & Schwarz product, absolutely no other settings or functions may be used as described in the product documentation. The objective is to prevent personal injury (e.g. due to laser beams). 8. EMC classes (in line with EN 55011/CISPR 11, and analogously with EN 55022/CISPR 22, EN 55032/CISPR 32) Class A equipment: Equipment suitable for use in all environments except residential environments and environments that are directly connected to a low-voltage supply network that supplies residential buildings Note: Class A equipment is intended for use in an industrial environment. This equipment may cause radio disturbances in residential environments, due to possible conducted as well as radiated disturbances. In this case, the operator may be required to take appropriate measures to eliminate these disturbances. Class B equipment: Equipment suitable for use in residential environments and environments that are directly connected to a low-voltage supply network that supplies residential buildings Repair and service 1. The product may be opened only by authorized, specially trained personnel. Before any work is performed on the product or before the product is opened, it must be disconnected from the AC supply network. Otherwise, personnel will be exposed to the risk of an electric shock Page 5

8 Basic Safety Instructions 2. Adjustments, replacement of parts, maintenance and repair may be performed only by electrical experts authorized by Rohde & Schwarz. Only original parts may be used for replacing parts relevant to safety (e.g. power switches, power transformers, fuses). A safety test must always be performed after parts relevant to safety have been replaced (visual inspection, protective conductor test, insulation resistance measurement, leakage current measurement, functional test). This helps ensure the continued safety of the product. Batteries and rechargeable batteries/cells If the information regarding batteries and rechargeable batteries/cells is not observed either at all or to the extent necessary, product users may be exposed to the risk of explosions, fire and/or serious personal injury, and, in some cases, death. Batteries and rechargeable batteries with alkaline electrolytes (e.g. lithium cells) must be handled in accordance with the EN standard. 1. Cells must not be taken apart or crushed. 2. Cells or batteries must not be exposed to heat or fire. Storage in direct sunlight must be avoided. Keep cells and batteries clean and dry. Clean soiled connectors using a dry, clean cloth. 3. Cells or batteries must not be short-circuited. Cells or batteries must not be stored in a box or in a drawer where they can short-circuit each other, or where they can be short-circuited by other conductive materials. Cells and batteries must not be removed from their original packaging until they are ready to be used. 4. Cells and batteries must not be exposed to any mechanical shocks that are stronger than permitted. 5. If a cell develops a leak, the fluid must not be allowed to come into contact with the skin or eyes. If contact occurs, wash the affected area with plenty of water and seek medical aid. 6. Improperly replacing or charging cells or batteries that contain alkaline electrolytes (e.g. lithium cells) can cause explosions. Replace cells or batteries only with the matching Rohde & Schwarz type (see parts list) in order to ensure the safety of the product. 7. Cells and batteries must be recycled and kept separate from residual waste. Rechargeable batteries and normal batteries that contain lead, mercury or cadmium are hazardous waste. Observe the national regulations regarding waste disposal and recycling. 8. Follow the transport stipulations of the carrier (IATA-DGR, IMDG-Code, ADR, RID) when returning lithium batteries to Rohde & Schwarz subsidiaries. Transport 1. The product may be very heavy. Therefore, the product must be handled with care. In some cases, the user may require a suitable means of lifting or moving the product (e.g. with a lift-truck) to avoid back or other physical injuries. 2. Handles on the products are designed exclusively to enable personnel to transport the product. It is therefore not permissible to use handles to fasten the product to or on transport equipment such as cranes, fork lifts, wagons, etc. The user is responsible for securely fastening the products to or on the means of transport or lifting. Observe the safety regulations of the manufacturer of the means of transport or lifting. Noncompliance can result in personal injury or material damage Page 6

9 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales 3. If you use the product in a vehicle, it is the sole responsibility of the driver to drive the vehicle safely and properly. The manufacturer assumes no responsibility for accidents or collisions. Never use the product in a moving vehicle if doing so could distract the driver of the vehicle. Adequately secure the product in the vehicle to prevent injuries or other damage in the event of an accident. Waste disposal/environmental protection 1. Specially marked equipment has a battery or accumulator that must not be disposed of with unsorted municipal waste, but must be collected separately. It may only be disposed of at a suitable collection point or via a Rohde & Schwarz customer service center. 2. Waste electrical and electronic equipment must not be disposed of with unsorted municipal waste, but must be collected separately. Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG has developed a disposal concept and takes full responsibility for take-back obligations and disposal obligations for manufacturers within the EU. Contact your Rohde & Schwarz customer service center for environmentally responsible disposal of the product. 3. If products or their components are mechanically and/or thermally processed in a manner that goes beyond their intended use, hazardous substances (heavy-metal dust such as lead, beryllium, nickel) may be released. For this reason, the product may only be disassembled by specially trained personnel. Improper disassembly may be hazardous to your health. National waste disposal regulations must be observed. 4. If handling the product releases hazardous substances or fuels that must be disposed of in a special way, e.g. coolants or engine oils that must be replenished regularly, the safety instructions of the manufacturer of the hazardous substances or fuels and the applicable regional waste disposal regulations must be observed. Also observe the relevant safety instructions in the product documentation. The improper disposal of hazardous substances or fuels can cause health problems and lead to environmental damage. For additional information about environmental protection, visit the Rohde & Schwarz website Page 7

10 Customer Support Technical support where and when you need it For quick, expert help with any Rohde & Schwarz equipment, contact one of our Customer Support Centers. A team of highly qualified engineers provides telephone support and will work with you to find a solution to your query on any aspect of the operation, programming or applications of Rohde & Schwarz equipment. Up-to-date information and upgrades To keep your instrument up-to-date and to be informed about new application notes related to your instrument, please send an to the Customer Support Center stating your instrument and your wish. We will take care that you will get the right information. Europe, Africa, Middle East Phone customersupport@rohde-schwarz.com North America Phone TEST-RSA ( ) customer.support@rsa.rohde-schwarz.com Latin America Phone customersupport.la@rohde-schwarz.com Asia/Pacific Phone customersupport.asia@rohde-schwarz.com China Phone / customersupport.china@rohde-schwarz.com

11 Contents Contents 1 Product Description Prerequisites Key Characteristics Unpacking the Instrument Instrument Overview Probe Box Cables and Accessories Optional Accessories Putting into Operation Test Setup with Oscilloscope Test Setup with R&S CMWrun Connecting the Probe to the DUT Measurement Principles Solder-In Connection Signal Integrity Ground Connection Electromagnetic Interference Accuracy Dynamic Range and Operating Window Probing Philosophy Signal Flow for Oscilloscope Operation Signal Flow for R&S CMWrun Operation (USB IF Only) Internal Shunt Operation External Shunt Operation

12 Contents 4 Maintenance and Service Service Strategy Returning the Probe for Servicing Cleaning Calibration Interval Discarding the Probe...34 Index

13 Product Description 1 Product Description The R&S RT-ZVC is a multi-channel power probe with integrated 2- or 4-channel amperemeter and 2- or 4-channel voltmeter. It provides parallel measurements of analog or digital, voltage/current signals with excellent 18-bit resolution. Integrated post-processing logic calculates power and statistical results with high accuracy. The R&S RT-ZVC is a useful measurement instrument for such applications as for example: Embedded electronics Battery-driven devices (wearables, smartphones) Power supply of integrated circuits Battery life-time measurements Power consumption measurements Energy-harvesting The multi-channel power probe is developed for tests with R&S CMWrun and for operation with an oscilloscope. Table 1-1: Variants of setup with R&S RT-ZVC Operation with an oscilloscope Standalone device with R&S CMWrun Embedded electronics/circuit measurements, sophisticated processing Data transferred via digital interface at full sample rate of 5 MSa/s Probe powered by scope System-level power measurements using R&S CMWrun, reduced sample rate via USB Data transferred via USB to the R&S CMWrun controller PC Externally powered 5

14 1.1 Prerequisites Product Description Key Characteristics Operation with oscilloscope Oscilloscope of type R&S RTO2000 equipped with R&S RTO-B1E or R&S RTE equipped with R&S RTE-B1E is required. Note, that old R&S RTx-B1 boards cannot run R&S RT-ZVC. Operation with R&S CMWrun R&S CMWrun, version and later. The option R&S CMW-KT051 of R&S CMWrun for general-purpose tests is required. Windows supported operating system includes Windows 7 and Windows 10 (32-bit or 64-bit version). A Rohde & Schwarz-specific driver is required to be installed at the run PC, to support USB3.0 SuperSpeed (SS) interface. With the installed driver, no additional connection configuration is required. The probe acts as a plug-and-play device. The driver is delivered with the R&S CMWrun SW. 1.2 Key Characteristics The R&S RT-ZVC probe houses integrated voltmeter, amperemeter, and postprocessing logic. The probe performs built-in A/D conversion and signal post-processing. Within integrated post-processing, the R&S RT-ZVC calculates power and statistical results (min/max/avg/rms). It measures the differential and common mode AC and DC signals simultaneously. The following figure illustrates the scheme of a probe with four voltage and four current channels. 6

15 Product Description Key Characteristics 4x Amperemeter 4x Voltmeter A A A A A A A D D D D D D D Postprocessing Logic Power Supply DC/DC CLK USB HDMI Connector AC/DC Adapter To CMWrun (PC) To Scope + - A D Figure 1-1: Electrical scheme There are separate A/D converters for each channel that allow for parallel and fully synchronous data acquisition. The key characteristics of the probe are the following: Table 1-2: Technical data Voltmeter (V) Amperemeter (I) Power (internal multiplier) No. of channels 2 or 4 2 or 4 2 or 4 Measurement resolution Sampling rate with R&S RTx Sampling rate with R&S CMWrun 18 bit 18 bit 32 bit 5 MSa/s per channel 5 MSa/s per channel 5 MSa/s per channel 50 ksa/s per channel 50 ksa/s per channel 50 ksa/s per channel (synchronous multiplication of V and I) For detailed specification and derating information, consider the data sheet. 7

16 R&S RT-ZVC Product Description Unpacking the Instrument 1.3 Unpacking the Instrument Figure 1-2: Carrying case (model for R&S CMWrun) Inspecting the contents The carrying case contains the following items: Basic voltage and current leads (1), length 16 cm, one lead per each instrument channel USB 3.0 cable (2) (only for R&S CMWrun) Ground cable (3) with 4 mm plugs R&S RT-ZVC probe box (4) Ground clip (5) for connection to the DUT AC power adapter (6) (only for R&S CMWrun) PCB solder-in cables (7): Blue and red round 1.02 mm, length 5 cm, one pair per each current channel Blue and red square 0.64 mm, length 5 cm, one pair per each voltage channel Exchangeable clips for AC power plugs (8) for UK, US, Australian and European standard 8

17 Solder-in contacts (9): 8x round headers 1.02 mm 4x shorting links, round 1.02 mm, spacing 5.08 mm Blue flat oscilloscope interface cable (10) (only for R&S RTx) User manual Inspect the package for damage Product Description Keep the package and the cushioning material until the contents have been checked for completeness and the device has been tested. If the packaging material shows any signs of stress, notify the carrier and your Rohde & Schwarz service center. Keep the damaged package and cushioning material for inspection. Inspect the product If the content is incomplete, damaged, or defect or if the R&S RT-ZVC multi-channel power probe does not operate properly, notify your Rohde & Schwarz service center. Calibration certificate Instrument Overview The calibration certificate is not included in the standard shipping. The document is available for download at Instrument Overview The probe R&S RT-ZVC consists of the following parts: The probe box Leads and accessories for connection to the DUT. See also Chapter 2.3, "Connecting the Probe to the DUT", on page 21 Variant for operation with R&S CMWrun: AC power adapter and USB 3.0 cable for connection to the PC with R&S CMWrun application, refer to Chapter 2.2, "Test Setup with R&S CMWrun", on page 20 9

18 Product Description Variant for operation with an oscilloscope: Blue flat oscilloscope interface cable, refer to Chapter 2.1, "Test Setup with Oscilloscope", on page 19 The next sections describe the main HW of the probe. Instrument Overview Probe Box The following section provides an overview of the control elements and sockets of the probe box and explains how to connect external devices. Figure 1-3: R&S RT-ZVC: upper, front, and rear view 1 = Status LEDs 2 = ID LEDs 3 = Channel LEDs 4 = Voltmeter sockets 5 = Amperemeter sockets 6 = Ground socket 7 = Socket for AC power adapter 8 = HDMI interface 9 = USB 3.0, micro B socket LEDs The status LEDs (1) of the probe box are located in the upper left corner of the upper plate. They light to indicate the following detections: Power: Probe is on (connected to power supply or R&S RTx). 10

19 Scope: Probe is connected with oscilloscope. Trigger: Trigger signal is detected on R&S RTx interface. Product Description Overload: Red LED plus blinking affected channel indicate overload at particular voltage or current channel. The overload indication can be reset via a control dialog. During an overload at a current channel, the R&S RT-ZVC switches automatically to the next higher range. In case also the 10A range is exceeded, the amperemeter switches to external shunt mode to protect the probe against permanent damage. Thus, the current flow through the DUT is interrupted. In external shunt mode, there is no automated range switching. The user must take care that the external shunt resistor is not damaged. Furthermore, there is no automated range switching at voltmeter channels for overload conditions. The ID LEDs (2) are located in the middle left part of the upper plate. Probe Z1 to probe Z4: Indicates on which port of the digital extension board R&S RTx-B1E the probe is attached to. Channel LEDs (3) are located in the bottom left corner of the upper plate. I1 to I4: Blue LEDs for up to four current channels. LEDs indicate which channel is enabled in the GUI. V1 to V4: Green LEDs for up to four voltage channels. LEDs indicate which channel is enabled in the GUI. Interfaces Instrument Overview 2 or 4 sockets (4) for voltage test leads AWG28. Red color at the socket marks the position of + wire. Number of sockets depends on the instrument model. 2 or 4 sockets (5) for current test leads AWG24. Red color at the socket marks the position of + wire. Number of sockets depends on the instrument model. The voltage and current sockets at the probe box are of different type, to avoid the mixing of voltage and current leads. In addition, current cables have 1.02 mm round pins that allow for currents up to 10 A. Ground socket (6) - to establish common ground with the DUT. For detailed information on ground connection, refer to Chapter 3.2.1, "Ground Connection", on page 26. Socket (7) for AC power adapter is used together with the USB interface. USB 3.0 interface with micro B socket (9) for connection to R&S CMWrun. 11

20 Product Description Instrument Overview HDMI socket (8) for blue oscilloscope interface cable to the digital extension board R&S RTx-B1E of an oscilloscope. Risk of instrument damage during operation An unsuitable test setup can damage the instrument and connected devices. When operating the probe together with the oscilloscope, only oscilloscopes of type R&S RTE and R&S RTO2000 must be used. Amperemeter The current measurement is performed with a shunt-amperemeter, i.e. the current measurement is reduced to a measurement of a voltage drop on a resistor where the current is flowing through. It has digitally adjustable gain. There are three built-in shunts that can be switched in series to the circuit under test. For using internal shunts, the circuit under test needs to be interrupted so that the current can flow through the probe. In addition to internal shunts, the amperemeter can work as a sensitive voltmeter to measure voltage drops on external shunts mounted directly in the circuit under test (external shunt mode). The maximum input voltage range is 450 mv to GND. For details, refer to: Chapter 3.3.3, "Internal Shunt Operation", on page 30 Chapter 3.3.4, "External Shunt Operation", on page 31 Data sheet Voltmeter The voltmeter measures both differential and common mode, not floating signals. The input voltage range is ±15 V to GND. The signal can be attenuated or amplified depending on the selected range. Refer to the data sheet. Power multiplier (only via USB for R&S CMWrun) Within the integrated post-processing of R&S RT-ZVC, the internal multiplier uses the measured values of the voltmeter and amperemeter and provides high precise statistical results. The minimal, maximal, average and RMS current and voltage values are internally calculated with the sampling rate of 5 MSa/s per chan- 12

21 Product Description nel. The statistical power results (min/max/avg/rms) are calculated within 32-bit resolution. For details, refer to: Chapter 1.2, "Key Characteristics", on page 6 Instrument Overview Chapter 3.3.2, "Signal Flow for R&S CMWrun Operation (USB IF Only)", on page Cables and Accessories The R&S RT-ZVC delivery contains the following cables: Oscilloscope interface cable (only variants for oscilloscopes): blue flat Samtec Twinax cable USB 3.0 cable with AC power adapter (only variants for R&S CMWrun). USB cable connects the probe box and the R&S CMWrun controller PC. AC power supply is required for operation with USB 3.0 interface. Use only the delivered power adapter. Voltage and current leads for connecting the probe box and the DUT. Shielded twisted-pair cables are used for the leads. Different accessories for the signal sockets allow the leads to be connected to a wide range of DUTs, see Chapter 1.5, "Optional Accessories", on page 14. The leads with 2.54 mm square sockets are used for voltage measurements at the DUT. The signal sockets are based on standard 0.64 mm (25 mil) square pins. Figure 1-4: Basic lead for voltage measurements The leads with 1.02 mm round sockets are used for current measurements. They have a special design to ensure optimal performance for higher currents. The signal sockets are not compatible to standard accessories based on 0.8 mm (35 mil) round pins. Figure 1-5: Basic lead for current measurements PCB cables and headers: 13

22 Product Description Optional Accessories Figure 1-6: PCB cables, shorting link, header The voltage PCB cables are based on standard 0.64 mm (25 mil) square pins. They are compatible with 2.54 mm square sockets. The current 1.02 mm round headers and PCB cables have a special design optimized for higher currents. Use only either the accessories provided within R&S RT-ZA36 ( ), or Special OEM accessories for current sockets provided by manufacturer as with standard shipping. Use the delivered shorting links to close unused measurement points at the DUT for current measurements. 1.5 Optional Accessories If the included accessories do not meet individual customer requirements, different accessory sets are offered for sale. Table 1-3: R&S RT-ZA30 ( ) Item Quantity Description Current lead basic AWG20 (L 32 cm) 2 Extended cable set PCB Voltage lead basic AWG28 (L 32 cm) 2 (length 32 cm) for R&S RT-ZVC Table 1-4: R&S RT-ZA31 ( ) Item Quantity Description Current lead 4 mm plug AWG20 (L 32 cm) 2 Extended cable set 4 mm Voltage lead 4 mm plug AWG28 (L 32 cm) 2 (length 32 cm) for R&S RT-ZVC Table 1-5: R&S RT-ZA32 ( ) Item Quantity Description TRG10R059 AC/DC adapter 10W 6V clips 1 Power adapter for R&S RT- ZVC 14

23 Table 1-6: R&S RT-ZA33 ( ) Product Description Optional Accessories Item Quantity Description Samtec Twinax flat cable 1 Blue oscilloscope interface cable Table 1-7: R&S RT-ZA34 ( ) Item Quantity Description Current lead 4 mm plug AWG20 (L 100 cm) 2 Extended cable set 4 mm Voltage lead 4 mm plug AWG28 (L 100 cm) 2 (length 100 cm) for R&S RT- ZVC Table 1-8: R&S RT-ZA35 ( ) Item Quantity Description Current lead basic AWG20 (L 100 cm) 2 Extended cable set PCB Voltage lead basic AWG28 (L 100 cm) 2 (length 100 cm) for R&S RT- ZVC Table 1-9: R&S RT-ZA36 ( ) Item Quantity Description Adapter cable current to 2.54 mm blue and red* 2x 4 Solder-in cable set for R&S RT- Current PCB cable AWG20 (L 50 mm) blue and 2x 4 ZVC red Voltage PCB cable AWG26 (L 50 mm) blue and red Solder-in header round 1.02 mm 8 Shorting links 2.54 mm 4 Round bin DRM 22 1 Round bin DRM x 4 * note the limitations to 3 A for current adapter cable to 2.54 mm Table 1-10: R&S RT-ZA37 ( ) Item Quantity Description Current lead BNC female AWG24 (L 160 cm) 1 BNC cable set (length 160 cm) Voltage lead BNC female AWG28 (L 160 cm) 1 for R&S RT-ZVC To prepare multiple measurement points on your DUT for connecting the R&S RT-ZVC probe, the following current connectors are recommended: 15

24 Product Description Optional Accessories Table 1-11: Special OEM accessories for current sockets Item Manufacturer ordering description Cambion round headers 1.02 mm * Cambion shorting link round 1.02 mm with 5.08 mm spacing * XX XX standing for color code * as with standard shipping Additional current connector pins (1.02 mm diameter) are available from Cambion Electronics Ltd. 16

25 Putting into Operation 2 Putting into Operation The R&S RT-ZVC multi-channel power probe has been designed to withstand a moderate amount of physical and electrical stress. Treat the probe with care. It can be damaged if excessive force is applied. Risk of instrument damage due to mechanical shock Exercise care to prevent the probe from receiving mechanical shock. Always handle the probe by the probe cables or probe box. Avoid putting excessive strain on the probe cable or exposing it to sharp bends. Store the probe in a shock-resistant case such as the foam-lined shipping case that came with the probe. During operation, the probe slightly heats up. This behavior is normal and not a sign of malfunction. Risk of instrument damage due to excess power Voltages or currents above the specified limits of the R&S RT-ZVC multichannel power probe can damage the probe. Do not exceed the specified limits. 17

26 Putting into Operation Damage caused by electrostatic discharge To avoid damage of electronic components, protect the operational site against electrostatic discharge (ESD). Wrist strap with with cord cord Building ground Floor mat Heel Heel strap Ground connection of operational site site To protect the operational site, use one or both of the following measures: Wrist strap with cord to ground connection Conductive floor mat and heel strap combination The following topics are covered in the next sections: Test Setup with Oscilloscope Test Setup with R&S CMWrun...20 Connecting the Probe to the DUT

27 2.1 Test Setup with Oscilloscope Putting into Operation Test Setup with Oscilloscope A basic test setup with an oscilloscope does not include external power adapter or USB cable. The connection is realized via the delivered blue flat oscilloscope interface cable. The R&S RT-ZVC is powered by oscilloscope. Supported oscilloscopes are listed in the R&S RT-ZVC data sheet. 1. Connect the probe box via oscilloscope interface cable to the HDMI port of R&S RTx-B1E module at the rear side of oscilloscope. Refer to the following figure. Figure 2-1: Connecting the probe to the oscilloscope When the probe is connected to the oscilloscope, the oscilloscope recognizes the probe and reads out the probe-specific parameters. 2. Configure the active channels and the desired ranges at the oscilloscope using the ZVC multi-channel power probe dialog under "Vertical". The procedure depends on the used instrument. For the description, refer to the oscilloscope's user manual. 19

28 Putting into Operation Test Setup with R&S CMWrun Risk of instrument damage To prevent wire damages, do not pull on the cord to disconnect the HDMI connector from the probe box or oscilloscope. Always grip and pull the connector to disconnect. 2.2 Test Setup with R&S CMWrun Connect the R&S RT-ZVC multi-channel power probe with the R&S CMWrun as follows. Figure 2-2: Test setup with R&S CMWrun 1 = probe box 2 = power adapter 3 = controller computer with R&S CMWrun Risk of injury or damage When operating on the 230V AC power supply, only the supplied AC/DC wall-mount power adapter of type Cincon TRG10R E03 must be used. To reduce the risk of electric shock, damage of the probe, or unreliable measurement results, do not plug any other type of power adapter into this product. To start the measurement, proceed as follows: 20

29 Putting into Operation 1. If not yet done, install the USB driver delivered with R&S CMWrun SW at the controller PC of R&S CMWrun. The driver enables the R&S CMWrun application to detect the connected probe automatically. No additional configuration of probe connection is necessary. 2. Connect the probe box via power adapter to the power supply. 3. Connect the probe box via USB cable to the R&S CMWrun controller PC. Use USB 3.0 port at your PC. The PC detects the probe as a USB device. 4. For the connection to the DUT, use delivered voltage and current leads and PCB cables. Refer to Connecting the Probe to the DUT. 5. In the test module "Power Consumption Measurement", specify measurement-specific parameters and input signal characteristics. The option R&S CMW-KT051 of R&S CMWrun provides the test module within general-purpose tests. The characteristics of amperemeter and voltmeter channels must be specified according to the measured ranges. 6. Start the measurement. Measure current and voltage at the measurement points of the DUT. 7. Evaluate results within the R&S CMWrun application. Connecting the Probe to the DUT 2.3 Connecting the Probe to the DUT To achieve optimum RF performance, the connections have to be always as short as possible. If long connections cannot be avoided, they have to be preferably used for the ground socket. The basic test setup enables up to 4 voltage and up to 4 current measurement points. The R&S CMWrun supports currently the measurement of only one voltage and one current channel simultaneously at the same time. The following figure shows a test setup with two voltage and two current channels. 21

30 Putting into Operation Connecting the Probe to the DUT Figure 2-3: Test setup 1 = probe box 2 = ground connection 3 = current (I) and voltage (V) leads It is forbidden to measure own power supply drain of the R&S RT-ZVC at the AC power supply adapter or at the HDMI connector. Ground connection Before starting measurements, establish a common ground between DUT and probe to keep common voltage within the common mode range of the amplifiers. Refer to Chapter 3.2.1, "Ground Connection", on page 26. Ground socket is in the lower right corner of the front plane, refer to Figure 1-3. You can also clamp the delivered ground clip to your DUT. The clip fits to the ground socket of the probe using the delivered 4 mm ground cable. Measurement point connection The voltage and current leads are connected with the DUT to tap off the measurement signal. Use delivered voltage and current cables. Their connectors fit into the voltage or current socket of probe box. Red color at the connector marks the position of + wire. Match the red marks of a connector and socket when plugging a signal lead into the probe box. The correct connector orientation is with the red mark upward. For details on cables, refer to Chapter 1.4.2, "Cables and Accessories", on page 13. To connect the measurement points of the DUT, use solder-in connections. For details, see Chapter 3.1, "Solder-In Connection", on page

31 3 Measurement Principles Measurement Principles Solder-In Connection 3.1 Solder-In Connection To prepare the DUT for measurements, solder the delivered headers or PCB cables to the DUT, to specify the measurement points. Headers The headers soldered to the DUT provide firm contact with the measurement point during the whole measurements. The signal lead is plugged onto soldered-in headers on the DUT. The figure shows headers for current (on the left) and voltage measurements (on the right). Standard PCB cables The PCB cables provide a flexible connection to the DUT. They are soldered onto the DUT and connected with the signal lead. The figure shows PCB cables for voltage (top) and current measurements (bottom). 23

32 Measurement Principles Solder-In Connection Shorting links If the current measurement points are temporary not connected to the probe box, close the circuit at the DUT via delivered shorting links. The figure shows shorting links connected to soldered-in headers (top) and PCB cables (bottom). External shunt To reduce burden voltage, use the external shunt for the measurements of higher current drains. The figure shows the solder-in connection of external shunt. 24

33 Measurement Principles Signal Integrity Adapter PCB current cable to 2.54 mm To use the standard square headers also for current measurements, you can use adapter cables to 2.54 mm delivered within the option R&S RT-ZA36, see Table 1-9. The PCB adapters are designed for current measurements of only up to 3 A. These adapter cables are recommended for external shunt measurements. With these adapters, the design of sockets cannot distinguish between the current and voltage measurement points. Be aware, that connecting the measurement point of the DUT to the false probe channel can damage the DUT. Risk of instrument damage Do not exchange the current and voltage connections at the probe box. Be aware of possible instrument damage. 3.2 Signal Integrity The R&S RT-ZVC multi-channel power probe transfers the voltage and current of the electrical signal tapped off the DUT to the post-processing logic. With an ideal probe, the signal that is post-processed is identical to the input signal at the measurement point of the DUT. The following sections explain, how to minimize signal alterations. 25

34 Measurement Principles Signal Integrity Ground Connection Connection to earth is established either through USB or scope interface. The AC/DC wall adapter has no protective earth connector. In the case of battery operation, the ground of the DUT is floating. High static potentials between the DUT ground and the probe ground can exceed the operating voltage window of the probe. Therefore it is necessary to connect the ground socket of the probe to the ground of the DUT. The ground connection also improves problems with unwanted common mode signals. Risk of instrument damage and unreliable measurement results Unsufficient ground connection can damage the internal shunt, cause unreliable measurement results or unexpected high offsets. Always establish common ground connection and fixed common mode relation even for non-floating DUTs. Figure 3-1: Ground connection Electromagnetic Interference Although shielded twisted-pair cables are used for the leads, the measurement is highly sensitive to electromagnetic interference effects near the sockets for PCB cables. Therefore, consider additional shielding methods, such as shield boxes for the DUT, to avoid interference. 26

35 3.2.3 Accuracy Measurement Principles Signal Integrity The accuracy of power measurements depends on the accuracy of the amperemeter and the accuracy of the voltmeter. The bandwidth specifies the maximum frequency at which a purely sinusoidal signal is still transferred at 89 % (0.1 db) of its amplitude. For details, consider the data sheet Dynamic Range and Operating Window Two separate specifications are necessary to characterize the permissible input voltage range of a differential voltage probe: The dynamic range (or "differential mode range") designates the maximum differential voltage that can occur between the positive and negative signal pin. At the same time, the two voltage values at each of the two pins - the positive and negative pin, referenced to the common ground must not exceed a specific limit. This limitation is referred to as the operating voltage window (some manufacturers also use the term "common mode range" for the same parameter). If one of these ranges is exceeded, an unwanted signal clipping can occur. Figure 3-2: Voltage operating window 27