Energy efficiency within data centers Is your IT organization capitalizing on the latest technology options and best practices?

Transcription

1 This is a photographic template your photograph should fit precisely within this rectangle. Energy efficiency within data centers Is your IT organization capitalizing on the latest technology options and best practices? Presenter: Ed Spears 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

2 Typical Dual Bus Data Center B Bus Generators and Paralleling Switchgear Roll-up Generator Monitoring A Bus Medium Voltage Substations and Switchgear Modular UPS, IT Racks, PDU, RPP, Monitoring Wiring Closets Low Voltage Switchgear, Transformers, and Switchboards, Panelboards Central UPS, Static Switches, Static Auto-Tie DC Power Systems 2 2

3 Typical data center power use ~40% in Power Delivery - Needs to be cooled Source: Intel 3 3

4 Energy costs are overwhelming server costs $k $1,000 $750 $500 Normalized $1M Server Spend Annual Electrical Consumption 2009 $1M worth of servers will consume almost $400k worth of electricity per year. $250 $ How did we get here? Year Exponential gains in server computing performance have not been matched by gains in server efficiency. The result the primary driver of data center expense has shifted from the cost of the servers to operational expenditures Underlying figures from The Invisible Crisis in the Data Center: The Economic Meltdown of Moore s Law, Uptime Institute, 2007, Eaton 4 4

5 UPS inefficiencies are a significant contributor to energy costs Example 2009 $1M buys approximately 50 5kW racks Cost of UPS electrical losses per year $28k 60 Cost of UPS Electrical Losses (assumes constant $1M server spend) 50 Electrical Cost ($k) Underlying figures from The Invisible Crisis in the Data Center: The Economic Meltdown of Moore s Law, Uptime Institute,

6 Can a different voltage in the data center improve efficiency? 6 6

7 Baseline : Current state-of-the-art 480 V AC system End-to-end efficiency = 77% Number of converter stages = 5 Number of isolation transformers = 2 Advantages Inexpensive to procure Installation and safety procedures are well documented Easy to scale for growth Disadvantages Relatively large footprint Paralleling adds complexity 480V must be stepped down to 208/120V for use with IT loads 7 7

8 Model-A: 600V UPS and facility input distribution End-to-end efficiency = 77% Number of converter stages = 5 Number of isolation transformers = 3 Advantages More M VA(3.7 vs 3) available through 4000A switchgear; saves floor space in the largest UPS installations No changes to IT equipment needed Some savings in copper wiring costs Disadvantages UPS requires input and output transformer, size, weight, and efficiency are a challenge. Minor changes to National Electrical Code for 600V in the data center 8 8

9 Our Recommendation 400/230 V scheme: No change to existing UPS designs No change to existing IT equipment, since these devices are rated up to 250 V AC Elimination of downstream distribution transformers Increased end-to-end efficiency over traditional 480V systems by as much as 5% No new safety standards or installation guidelines needed. Current electrician training and arc flash standards apply 9 9

10 California Public Energy Commission Demonstration Site 380 V DC - Conclusions and recommendations Servers: 48 V DC exists today and 380 V DC servers could be built and operated from existing components A 5-7% efficiency gain was obtained over best-in-class AC UPS, not including HVAC loads A 28% improvement is possible over today s average data center with 85% UPS and 73% efficient power supplies, plus a potential 28% saving in HVAC loads The magnitude of the DC efficiency gain is highly dependent on the AC reference system and the AC/DC system Raising awareness of the AC-UPS system efficiency will have a benefit even if the DC solution is not embraced Source: January, 2007, DC Power for Improved Data Center Efficiency, EPRI, Ecos Consulting, Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory 10 10

11 Eaton innovation center study Scope Comparison of end-to-end efficiency of six different power topologies for the data center Comparison of the availability of power for the server equipment and MTBF of the power system Model Description Model-Baseline: Current State-of-the-art 480 V AC System Model-A: 600 V AC Distribution System Model-B: 277 V AC Directly to IT Racks Model-C: 400 V AC High Efficiency Distribution System Model-D: Today s state-of-the-art -48 V DC System Model-E: 380 V DC High Efficiency, High voltage DC 11 11

12 Loss comparisons vs. load ESS Dual corded UPS is typically loaded 25-45% (shaded area) 5-point potential efficiency gain with ESS 400 V AC high-efficiency AC UPS or DC Best choice for client is 400 V AC in ESS, aka Energy Saver System, while exploring alternatives for the next technology cycle 12 12

13 Summary of study results Inefficient cooling remains the largest problem in the Data Center DC in the Data Center could potentially improve efficiency 5-10 % points, but hybrid/he systems are not available today High Efficiency AC solutions, such as 415/240V are on par with DC, and ARE available today DC potentially provides higher availability due to the simplicity of paralleling DC sources Very little reliability data exists for DC higher than 48V 13 13

14 Can a different efficiency in the UPS improve data center efficiency? 14 14

15 Energy Saver System Efficient 99% efficiency across entire operating range Intelligent Detects incoming power quality and engages modules as needed Reliable Proven double conversion topology ensures continuous load availability 15 15

16 Energy Saver System engages modules according to quality of input power Input Power Quality Active Modules Superior patented detection and transition technology 16 16

17 400/230 V AC vs. baseline 480V system ESS 400/230 V AC compared with the Baseline System Boosts system efficiency by 2% (server efficiency improvement) Saves cost of transformer-based PDUs Adds some wiring cost (neutral wire) 17 17

18 Energy saver system saves even more at lower loadings ESS Efficiency - 99% across the complete operating range 18 18

19 Energy Saver System the bottom line Critical Load 250 kw Electric Costs (energy + demand) per kw hr $0.11 Legacy UPS efficiency 93% Eaton ESS UPS efficiency 99% Annual energy savings Annual CO 2 savings Cars off the road 223 MW hr 160 metric tons 29 cars Annual electric cost savings $24,572 The energy savings from ESS typically recovers 100% of the UPS cost over a 3-5 year period At 250kW of critical load, the savings is equivalent to $4000 per year per point of efficiency gain. Backing up your 250kW load with an ESS UPS is equivalent to pulling 29 cars off the road

20 Summary Energy Saver System Energy costs are overwhelming equipment costs in data centers. UPS electrical losses account for 5-10% of the overall electrical expenditure.* Eaton s Energy Saver System drives these losses down to nearly zero. The energy savings recovers the cost of the UPS in less than 5 years. * Underlying figures from The Invisible Crisis in the Data Center: The Economic Meltdown of Moore s Law, Uptime Institute,

21 Eaton s 400V high efficiency solution set Rack Mount Plug-n-Play 400V Distribution 3 Phase UPS with Energy Saver System Available now in 400V ratings 400V RPP No Transformer Required 21 21

22 Summary Today s power systems will change the current waste of energy in the datacenter is not acceptable 48 V DC infrastructure is not feasible for large scale data center due to installation cost high voltage DC is a future solution 600V topologies provide significant benefits only for wiring cost reduction in largest systems 400V systems eliminate the transformer-based PDU providing today s best available procurement cost, installation cost, and footprint savings, and improve system efficiency Energy Saver System adds 4% to the efficiency improvement gained by operating servers at the higher voltage (240 vs 208 V AC) 22 22

23 Some Real World Examples 23 23

24 300 KVA comparison 24 24

25 300 KVA data center savings comparison 25 25

26 1 MVA Comparison 26 26

27 1 MVA data center savings comparison 27 27

28 2 MVA comparison 28 28

29 2 MVA data center savings comparison 29 29

30 5 MVA comparison 30 30

31 5 MVA data center savings comparison 31 31

32 6 MVA comparison 32 32

33 6 MVA data center savings comparison 33 33

34 8 MVA comparison

35 8 MVA data center savings comparison 35 35

36 10 MVA comparison 36 36

37 10 MVA data center savings comparison 37 37

38 Eaton s corporate datacenter--cleveland 38 38

39 Analysis 400/230V vs. 480 V UPS output at 1 & 2 MW 5-Yr TCO savings $275, Yr TCO savings $780,906 39

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