Querying Data with Transact SQL

Transcription

1 Querying Data with Transact SQL Curse Cde: Certificatin Exam: Duratin: 5 Days Certificatin Track: MCSA: SQL 2016 Database Develpment Frmat: Classrm Level: 200 Abut this curse: This curse is designed t intrduce students t Transact-SQL. It is designed in such a way that the first three days can be taught as a curse t students requiring the knwledge fr ther curses in the SQL Server curriculum. Days 4 & 5 teach the remaining skills required t take exam Audience: The main purpse f the curse is t give students a gd understanding f the Transact-SQL language which is used by all SQL Server-related disciplines; namely, Database Administratin, Database Develpment and Business Intelligence. As such, the primary target audience fr this curse is: Database Administratrs, Database Develpers and BI prfessinals. At Curse Cmpletin After cmpleting this curse, students will be able t: Describe key capabilities and cmpnents f SQL Server Describe T-SQL, sets, and predicate lgic. Write a single table SELECT statement. Write a multi-table SELECT statement. Write SELECT statements with filtering and srting. Describe hw SQL Server uses data types. Write DML statements. Write queries that use built-in functins. Write queries that aggregate data. Write subqueries. Create and implement views and table-valued functins. Use set peratrs t cmbine query results. Write queries that use windw ranking, ffset, and aggregate functins. Transfrm data by implementing pivt, unpivt, rllup and cube. Create and implement stred prcedures. Add prgramming cnstructs such as variables, cnditins, and lps t T-SQL cde.

2 Prerequisites Basic knwledge f the Micrsft Windws perating system and its cre functinality. Wrking knwledge f relatinal databases. Student Materials The student kit includes a cmprehensive wrkbk and ther necessary materials fr this class. Curse Outline: Mdule 1: Intrductin t Micrsft SQL Server 2016 This mdule intrduces SQL Server, the versins f SQL Server, including clud versins, and hw t cnnect t SQL Server using SQL Server Management Studi. Lessns The Basic Architecture f SQL Server SQL Server Editins and Versins Getting Started with SQL Server Management Studi Lab 1: Wrking with SQL Server 2016 Tls Wrking with SQL Server Management Studi Creating and Organizing T-SQL Scripts Using Bks Online After cmpleting this mdule, students will be able t: Describe relatinal databases and Transact-SQL queries. Describe the n-premise and clud-based editins and versins f SQL Server. Describe hw t use SQL Server Management Studi (SSMS) t cnnect t an instance f SQL Server, explre the databases cntained in the instance, and wrk with script files that cntain T-SQL queries. Mdule 2: Intrductin t T-SQL Querying This mdule describes the elements f T-SQL and their rle in writing queries. Describe the use f sets in SQL Server. Describe the use f predicate lgic in SQL Server. Describe the lgical rder f peratins in SELECT statements. Lessns Intrducing T-SQL Understanding Sets Understanding Predicate Lgic Understanding the Lgical Order f Operatins in SELECT statements Lab 2: Intrductin t Transact-SQL Querying

3 Executing Basic SELECT Statements Executing Queries that Filter Data using Predicates Executing Queries That Srt Data Using ORDER BY After cmpleting this mdule, students will be able t: Describe the rle f T-SQL in writing SELECT statements. Describe the elements f the T-SQL language and which elements will be useful in writing queries. Describe the cncepts f the set thery, ne f the mathematical underpinnings f relatinal databases, and t help yu apply it t hw yu think abut querying SQL Server Describe predicate lgic and examine its applicatin t querying SQL Server. Explain the elements f a SELECT statement, delineate the rder in which the elements are evaluated, and then apply this understanding t a practical apprach t writing queries. Mdule 3: Writing SELECT Queries This mdule intrduces the fundamentals f the SELECT statement, fcusing n queries against a single table. Lessns Writing Simple SELECT Statements Eliminating Duplicates with DISTINCT Using Clumn and Table Aliases Writing Simple CASE Expressins Lab 3: Writing Basic SELECT Statements Writing Simple SELECT Statements Eliminating Duplicates Using DISTINCT Using Clumn and Table Aliases Using a Simple CASE Expressin After cmpleting this mdule, students will be able t: Describe the structure and frmat f the SELECT statement, as well as enhancements that will add functinality and readability t yur queries Describe hw t eliminate duplicates using the DISTINCT clause Describe the use f clumn and table aliases Understand and use CASE expressins

4 Mdule 4: Querying Multiple Tables This mdule describes hw t write queries that cmbine data frm multiple surces in Micrsft SQL Server Lessns Understanding Jins Querying with Inner Jins Querying with Outer Jins Querying with Crss Jins and Self Jins Lab 4: Querying Multiple Tables Writing Queries that use Inner Jins Writing Queries that use Multiple-Table Inner Jins Writing Queries that use Self-Jins Writing Queries that use Outer Jins Writing Queries that use Crss Jins After cmpleting this mdule, students will be able t: Explain the fundamentals f jins in SQL Server 2016 Write inner jin queries Write queries that use uter jins Use additinal jin types Mdule 5: Srting and Filtering Data This mdule describes hw t implement srting and filtering. Lessns Srting Data Filtering Data with Predicates Filtering with the TOP and OFFSET-FETCH Optins Wrking with Unknwn Values Lab 5: Srting and Filtering Data Writing Queries that Filter Data using a WHERE Clause Writing Queries that Srt Data Using an ORDER BY Clause Writing Queries that Filter Data Using the TOP Optin After cmpleting this mdule, students will be able t: Explain hw t add an ORDER BY clause t yur queries t cntrl the rder f rws displayed in yur query's utput

5 Explain hw t cnstruct WHERE clauses t filter ut rws that d nt match the predicate. Explain hw t limit ranges f rws in the SELECT clause using a TOP ptin. Explain hw t limit ranges f rws using the OFFSET-FETCH ptin f an ORDER BY clause. Explain hw three-valued lgic accunts fr unknwn and missing values, hw SQL Server uses NULL t mark missing values, and hw t test fr NULL in yur queries. Mdule 6: Wrking with SQL Server 2016 Data Types This mdule intrduces the data types SQL Server uses t stre data. Lessns Intrducing SQL Server 2016 Data Types Wrking with Character Data Wrking with Date and Time Data Lab 6: Wrking with SQL Server 2016 Data Types Writing Queries that Return Date and Time Data Writing Queries that use Date and Time Functins Writing Queries That Return Character Data Writing Queries That Return Character Functins After cmpleting this mdule, students will be able t: Explre many f the data types SQL Server uses t stre data and hw data types are cnverted between types Explain the SQL Server character-based data types, hw character cmparisns wrk, and sme cmmn functins yu may find useful in yur queries Describe data types that are used t stre tempral data, hw t enter dates and times s they will be prperly parsed by SQL Server, and hw t manipulate dates and times with built-in functins. Mdule 7: Using DML t Mdify Data This mdule describes hw t create DML queries, and why yu wuld want t. Lessns Inserting Data Mdifying and Deleting Data Lab 7: Using DML t Mdify Data Inserting Data Updating and Deleting Data

6 After cmpleting this mdule, students will be able t: Use INSERT and SELECT INTO statements Use UPDATE, MERGE, DELETE, and TRUNCATE. Mdule 8: Using Built-In Functins This mdule intrduces sme f the many built in functins in SQL Server Lessns Writing Queries with Built-In Functins Using Cnversin Functins Using Lgical Functins Using Functins t Wrk with NULL Lab 8: Using Built-In Functins Writing Queries That Use Cnversin Functins Writing Queries that use Lgical Functins Writing Queries that Test fr Nullability After cmpleting this mdule, students will be able t: Describe the types f functins prvided by SQL Server, and then fcus n wrking with scalar functins Explain hw t explicitly cnvert data between types using several SQL Server functins Describe hw t use lgical functins that evaluate an expressin and return a scalar result. Describe additinal functins fr wrking with NULL Mdule 9: Gruping and Aggregating Data This mdule describes hw t use aggregate functins. Lessns Using Aggregate Functins Using the GROUP BY Clause Filtering Grups with HAVING Lab 9: Gruping and Aggregating Data Writing Queries That Use the GROUP BY Clause Writing Queries that Use Aggregate Functins Writing Queries that Use Distinct Aggregate Functins Writing Queries that Filter Grups with the HAVING Clause After cmpleting this mdule, students will be able t: Describe the built-in aggregate functin in SQL Server and write queries using it. Write queries that separate rws using the GROUP BY clause.

7 Write queries that use the HAVING clause t filter grups. Mdule 10: Using Subqueries This mdule describes several types f subquery and hw and when t use them. Lessns Writing Self-Cntained Subqueries Writing Crrelated Subqueries Using the EXISTS Predicate with Subqueries Lab 10: Using Subqueries Writing Queries That Use Self-Cntained Subqueries Writing Queries That Use Scalar and Multi-Result Subqueries Writing Queries That Use Crrelated Subqueries and an EXISTS Clause After cmpleting this mdule, students will be able t: Describe where subqueries may be used in a SELECT statement. Write queries that use crrelated subqueries in a SELECT statement Write queries that use EXISTS predicates in a WHERE clause t test fr the existence f qualifying rws Use the EXISTS predicate t efficiently check fr the existence f rws in a subquery. Mdule 11: Using Table Expressins Previusly in this curse, yu learned abut using subqueries as an expressin that returned results t an uter calling query. Like subqueries, table expressins are query expressins, but table expressins extend this idea by allwing yu t name them and t wrk with their results as yu wuld wrk with data in any valid relatinal table. Micrsft SQL Server 2016 supprts fur types f table expressins: derived tables, cmmn table expressin (CTEs), views, and inline table-valued functins (TVFs). In this mdule, yu will learn t wrk with these frms f table expressins and learn hw t use them t help create a mdular apprach t writing queries. Lessns Using Views Using Inline Table-Valued Functins Using Derived Tables Using Cmmn Table Expressins Lab 11: Using Table Expressins Writing Queries That Use Views Writing Queries That Use Derived Tables Writing Queries That Use Cmmn Table Expressins (CTEs) Writing Queries That Sue Inline Table-Valued Expressins

8 After cmpleting this mdule, students will be able t: Write queries that return results frm views. Use the CREATE FUNCTION statement t create simple inline TVFs. Write queries that create and retrieve results frm derived tables. Write queries that create CTEs and return results frm the table expressin. Mdule 12: Using Set Operatrs This mdule intrduces hw t use the set peratrs UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT t cmpare rws between tw input sets. Lessns Writing Queries with the UNION peratr Using EXCEPT and INTERSECT Using APPLY Lab 12: Using Set Operatrs Writing Queries That Use UNION Set Operatrs and UNION ALL Writing Queries That Use CROSS APPLY and OUTER APPLY Operatrs Writing Queries That Use the EXCEPT and INTERSECT Operatrs After cmpleting this mdule, students will be able t: Write queries that use UNION t cmbine input sets. Write queries that use UNION ALL t cmbine input sets Write queries that use the EXCEPT peratr t return nly rws in ne set but nt anther. Write queries that use the INTERSECT peratr t return nly rws that are present in bth sets Write queries using the CROSS APPLY peratr. Write queries using the OUTER APPLY peratr Mdule 13: Using Windws Ranking, Offset, and Aggregate Functins This mdule describes the benefits t using windw functins. Restrict windw functins t rws defined in an OVER clause, including partitins and frames. Write queries that use windw functins t perate n a windw f rws and return ranking, aggregatin, and ffset cmparisn results. Lessns Creating Windws with OVER Explring Windw Functins Lab 13: Using Windws Ranking, Offset, and Aggregate functins

9 Writing Queries that use Ranking Functins Writing Queries that use Offset Functins Writing Queries that use Windw Aggregate Functins After cmpleting this mdule, students will be able t: Describe the T-SQL cmpnents used t define windws, and the relatinships between them. Write queries that use the OVER clause, with partitining, rdering, and framing t define windws Write queries that use windw aggregate functins. Write queries that use windw ranking functins. Write queries that use windw ffset functins Mdule 14: Pivting and Gruping Sets This mdule describes write queries that pivt and unpivt result sets. Write queries that specify multiple grupings with gruping sets. Lessns Writing Queries with PIVOT and UNPIVOT Wrking with Gruping Sets Lab 14: Pivting and Gruping Sets Writing Queries that use the PIVOT Operatr Writing Queries that use the UNPIVOT Operatr Writing Queries that use the GROUPING SETS CUBE and ROLLUP Subclauses After cmpleting this mdule, students will be able t: Describe hw pivting data can be used in T-SQL queries. Write queries that pivt data frm rws t clumns using the PIVOT peratr. Write queries that unpivt data frm clumns back t rws using the UNPIVOT peratr. Write queries using the GROUPING SETS subclause. Write queries that use ROLLUP AND CUBE. Write queries that use the GROUPING_ID functin. Mdule 15: Executing Stred Prcedures This mdule describes hw t return results by executing stred prcedures. Pass parameters t prcedures. Create simple stred prcedures that encapsulate a SELECT statement. Cnstruct and execute dynamic SQL with EXEC and sp_executesql.

10 Lessns Querying Data with Stred Prcedures Passing Parameters t Stred prcedures Creating Simple Stred Prcedures Wrking with Dynamic SQL Lab 15: Executing Stred Prcedures Using the EXECUTE statement t Invke Stred Prcedures Passing Parameters t Stred prcedures Executing System Stred Prcedures After cmpleting this mdule, students will be able t: Describe stred prcedures and their use. Write T-SQL statements that execute stred prcedures t return data. Write EXECUTE statements that pass input parameters t stred prcedures. Write T-SQL batches that prepare utput parameters and execute stred prcedures. Use the CREATE PROCEDURE statement t write a stred prcedure. Create a stred prcedure that accepts input parameters. Describe hw T-SQL can be dynamically cnstructed. Write queries that use dynamic SQL. Mdule 16: Prgramming with T-SQL This mdule describes hw t enhance yur T-SQL cde with prgramming elements. Lessns T-SQL Prgramming Elements Cntrlling Prgram Flw Lab 16: Prgramming with T-SQL Declaring Variables and Delimiting Batches Using Cntrl-Of-Flw Elements Using Variables in a Dynamic SQL Statement Using Synnyms After cmpleting this mdule, students will be able t: Describe hw Micrsft SQL Server treats cllectins f statements as batches. Create and submit batches f T-SQL cde fr executin by SQL Server. Describe hw SQL Server stres temprary bjects as variables. Write cde that declares and assigns variables. Create and invke synnyms Describe the cntrl-f-flw elements in T-SQL. Write T-SQL cde using IF...ELSE blcks.

11 Write T-SQL cde that uses WHILE. Mdule 17: Implementing Errr Handling This mdule intrduces errr handling fr T-SQL. Lessns Implementing T-SQL errr handling Implementing structured exceptin handling Lab 17: Implementing Errr Handling Redirecting errrs with TRY/CATCH Using THROW t pass an errr message back t a client After cmpleting this mdule, students will be able t: Implement T-SQL errr handling. Implement structured exceptin handling. Mdule 18: Implementing Transactins This mdule describes hw t implement transactins. Lessns Transactins and the database engines Cntrlling transactins Lab 18: Implementing Transactins Cntrlling transactins with BEGIN, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Adding errr handling t a CATCH blck After cmpleting this mdule, students will be able t: Describe transactins and the differences between batches and transactins. Describe batches and hw they are handled by SQL Server. Create and manage transactins with transactin cntrl language (TCL) statements. Use SET XACT_ABORT t define SQL Servers handling f transactins utside TRY/CATCH blcks.