origin destination duration New York London 415 Shanghai Paris 760 Istanbul Tokyo 700 New York Paris 435 Moscow Paris 245 Lima New York 455

Transcription

1 CS50 Beyond

2 Databases

3 origin destination duration New York London 415 Shanghai Paris 760 Istanbul Tokyo 700 New York Paris 435 Moscow Paris 245 Lima New York 455

4 SQL

5 SQL Databases MySQL PostgreSQL SQLite...

6 Data Types INTEGER DECIMAL SERIAL VARCHAR TIMESTAMP BOOLEAN ENUM...

7 CREATE TABLE

8 CREATE TABLE flights ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, origin VARCHAR NOT NULL, destination VARCHAR NOT NULL, duration INTEGER NOT NULL );

9 CREATE TABLE flights ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, origin VARCHAR NOT NULL, destination VARCHAR NOT NULL, duration INTEGER NOT NULL );

10 CREATE TABLE flights ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, origin VARCHAR NOT NULL, destination VARCHAR NOT NULL, duration INTEGER NOT NULL );

11 CREATE TABLE flights ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, origin VARCHAR NOT NULL, destination VARCHAR NOT NULL, duration INTEGER NOT NULL );

12 CREATE TABLE flights ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, origin VARCHAR NOT NULL, destination VARCHAR NOT NULL, duration INTEGER NOT NULL );

13 CREATE TABLE flights ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, origin VARCHAR NOT NULL, destination VARCHAR NOT NULL, duration INTEGER NOT NULL );

14 CREATE TABLE flights ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, origin VARCHAR NOT NULL, destination VARCHAR NOT NULL, duration INTEGER NOT NULL );

15 Constraints NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT CHECK...

16 INSERT

17 INSERT INTO flights (origin, destination, duration) VALUES ('New York', 'London', 415);

18 INSERT INTO flights (origin, destination, duration) VALUES ('New York', 'London', 415);

19 INSERT INTO flights (origin, destination, duration) VALUES ('New York', 'London', 415);

20 INSERT INTO flights (origin, destination, duration) VALUES ('New York', 'London', 415);

21 INSERT INTO flights (origin, destination, duration) VALUES ('New York', 'London', 415);

22 INSERT INTO flights (origin, destination, duration) VALUES ('New York', 'London', 415);

23 SELECT

24 SELECT * FROM flights; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

25 SELECT * FROM flights; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

26 SELECT origin, destination FROM flights; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

27 SELECT origin, destination FROM flights; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

28 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE id = 3; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

29 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE id = 3; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

30 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE origin = 'New York'; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

31 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE origin = 'New York'; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

32 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE duration > 500; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

33 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE duration > 500; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

34 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE destination = 'Paris' AND duration > 500; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

35 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE destination = 'Paris' AND duration > 500; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

36 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE destination = 'Paris' OR duration > 500; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

37 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE destination = 'Paris' OR duration > 500; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

38 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE origin IN ('New York', 'Lima'); id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

39 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE origin IN ('New York', 'Lima'); id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

40 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE origin LIKE '%a%'; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

41 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE origin LIKE '%a%'; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

42 Functions SUM COUNT MIN MAX AVG...

43 UPDATE

44 UPDATE flights SET duration = 430 WHERE origin = 'New York' AND destination = 'London';

45 DELETE

46 DELETE FROM flights WHERE destination = 'Tokyo';

47 Other Clauses LIMIT ORDER BY GROUP BY HAVING...

48 Foreign Keys

49 flights id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

50 flights id origin origin_code destination destination_code duration 1 New York JFK London LHR Shanghai PVG Paris CDG Istanbul IST Tokyo NRT New York JFK Paris CDG Moscow SVO Paris CDG Lima LIM New York JFK 455

51 locations id code name 1 JFK New York 2 PVG Shanghai 3 IST Istanbul 4 LHR London 5 SVO Moscow 6 LIM Lima 7 CDG Paris 8 NRT Tokyo

52 flights id origin_id destination_id duration

53 passengers id name flight_id 1 Alice 1 2 Bob 1 3 Charlie 2 4 Dave 2 5 Erin 4 6 Frank 6 7 Grace 6

54 JOIN

55 Types of JOINs JOIN / INNER JOIN LEFT OUTER JOIN RIGHT OUTER JOIN FULL OUTER JOIN

56 CREATE INDEX

57 Nested Queries

58 flights id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

59 passengers id name flight_id 1 Alice 1 2 Bob 1 3 Charlie 2 4 Dave 2 5 Erin 4 6 Frank 6 7 Grace 6

60 SELECT flight_id FROM passengers GROUP BY flight_id HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;

61 SELECT flight_id FROM passengers GROUP BY flight_id HAVING COUNT(*) > 1; id name flight_id 1 Alice 1 2 Bob 1 3 Charlie 2 4 Dave 2 5 Erin 4 6 Frank 6 7 Grace 6

62 SELECT flight_id FROM passengers GROUP BY flight_id HAVING COUNT(*) > 1; id name flight_id 1 Alice 1 2 Bob 1 3 Charlie 2 4 Dave 2 5 Erin 4 flight_id Frank 6 7 Grace 6

63 SELECT flight_id FROM passengers GROUP BY flight_id HAVING COUNT(*) > 1; flight_id 1 2 6

64 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE id IN (SELECT flight_id FROM passengers GROUP BY flight_id HAVING COUNT(*) > 1); flight_id 1 2 6

65 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE id IN (SELECT flight_id FROM passengers GROUP BY flight_id HAVING COUNT(*) > 1); id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris 435 flight_id Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

66 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE id IN (SELECT flight_id FROM passengers GROUP BY flight_id HAVING COUNT(*) > 1); id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris 435 flight_id Moscow Paris Lima New York 455

67 SQL Injection

68 Username: Password:

69 SELECT * FROM users WHERE (username = username) AND (password = password);

70 Username: alice Password: 12345

71 SELECT * FROM users WHERE (username = username) AND (password = password);

72 SELECT * FROM users WHERE (username = 'alice') AND (password = '12345');

73 Username: hacker Password: 1' OR '1' = '1

74 SELECT * FROM users WHERE (username = username) AND (password = password);

75 SELECT * FROM users WHERE (username = 'hacker') AND (password = '1' OR '1' = '1');

76 Race Conditions

77 Race Conditions Bank Account $100

78 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; $100

79 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; 100 $100

80 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; 100 UPDATE bank $100 SET balance = balance WHERE user_id = 1; $100

81 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; 100 UPDATE bank $0 SET balance = balance WHERE user_id = 1; $100

82 Race Conditions Bank Account $100

83 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; $100

84 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; 100 $100

85 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; SELECT balance FROM bank 100 WHERE user_id = 1; $100

86 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; SELECT balance FROM bank 100 WHERE user_id = 1; $

87 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; SELECT balance FROM bank 100 WHERE user_id = 1; UPDATE bank SET balance = balance WHERE user_id = 1; $ $100

88 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; SELECT balance FROM bank 100 WHERE user_id = 1; UPDATE bank SET balance = balance WHERE user_id = 1; $0 100 $100

89 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; SELECT balance FROM bank 100 WHERE user_id = 1; UPDATE bank SET balance = balance WHERE user_id = 1; $100 $0 100 UPDATE bank SET balance = balance WHERE user_id = 1; $100

90 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; SELECT balance FROM bank 100 WHERE user_id = 1; UPDATE bank SET balance = balance WHERE user_id = 1; $100 -$ UPDATE bank SET balance = balance WHERE user_id = 1; $100

91 SQL Transactions BEGIN COMMIT

92 SQLAlchemy

93 Morning Project Create a database on Heroku. Decide on a database schema and create tables: one for authors and one for books. Write a Python program to import data into the database. Write a Python program that queries the database for a book by its (partial) title or author.

94 CS50 Beyond