A SAS Macro for Producing Data Summary Tables
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1 A SAS Macro for Producing Data Summary Tables Yajie Wang, Lan Zhao, Surai Thaneemit-Chen, Vaishali Krishnan, Galina Shamayeva and Bob Edson VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA ABSTRACT The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Cooperative Studies Program (CSP) conducts large scale, definitive research in multi-site clinical trials on health issues important to the nation s veterans. To provide oversight committees and study investigators with the information they need to monitor study progress, on a regular basis CSP staff produce summaries of patient intake, patient characteristics and outcomes, and data quality. Since only the oversight committees may see results broken down by treatment group, we produce two sets of data summaries. Typically, the formats of the tables and graphs in the two sets are similar as both include summary statistics for categorical and continuous variables, and differ only in how the data are broken down (by site in one set and by treatment group in the other). This paper presents a SAS macro module to generate data summary reporting tables. The module resulted from discussions within the Statistical Programming Group at the Palo Alto CSP Coordinating Center with the goal of creating standardized or prototype programs to produce tabular data summaries. Given a data set (e.g., means, standard deviations, ranges, number of missing values, statistics and p-values from t tests to compare treatment groups on a set of continuous variables), a row label file, and a column heading file, this module will produce a table with options for data columns per page, column width, blank spaces between columns, and the titles, footers and page breaks. INTRODUCTION Producing Data Safety and Monitoring Board (DSMB) tables every six months is a major task in a cooperative study. If data _null_ is hard-coded to print the summary data column by column, line after line for all the tables, then every table requires specific and lengthy data _null_ statements. Furthermore, when there is a need to add or delete columns or rows in the table, it is very tedious to modify all the column and row numbers affected. To standardize DSMB table programming and the process for producing a table, programmers at our Center created numerous modules (SAS macros) to divide the table programming into pieces. For instance, there are separate modules to retrieve the summary statistics (data columns in table) and organize them to form a final data set. The module discussed here uses results from the other modules to print the summary table data. METHOD The following simple data set example demonstrates the module. Say we have a data set of enrollment counts by treatment group (column 1 and 2) and overall (column 3) and by month (Obs 2 on) and overall (Obs 1). Final Summary Data: Obs COL1 COL2 COL3 MONTH OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB Use the following macro %getlabel to extract the row labels from the final data set and add a data line order variable datorder to the final data set. The row label here is the variable MONTH. %macro getlabel(rlabeldata=, finaldata=, labl=, labellength=); set &finaldata; datorder=_n_; file &rlabeldata ; put &labl $char&labellength..; %mend getlabel; The macro call: %getlabel(rlabeldata=rlabeldata, finaldata=finaldata, labl=month, labellength=3); will return the extracted row labels set as: 1 2 OCT 3 NOV 4 DEC 5 JAN 6 FEB Now edit the extracted row labels file. Add subtitles, blank lines and other customizations as desired. The edited Row Labels file is now: 1 TOTAL Year OCT 3 NOV 4 DEC Year JAN 6 FEB
2 Make the Column Headings file: Column Headings File: Group 1 Group 2 TOTAL Now we have three files ready. Before calling the macro, use %let statements to input titles and footnotes. For example: %let title1=%str(table 5); %let title2=%str(ptsd STUDY); %let title3=%str( ); *** Blank line; %let title4=%str(enrollment); %let title5=%str(cutoff DATE:&cutdate); %let foot1=%str(dir: /studies/dmb ); The last step is to call the macro %maketable: %maketable(indata=finaldata, inlabel=rlabeldata, incolhead=colhead, outtable=newtable, totdatcol=3, colperpage=3, colnum=5, colwidth= , colspace=8, startrow=2, maxlinelength=158, tablewidth=114, titlenum=5, footnum=1, breaknum=, breaklist=,) Descriptions of macro variables: indata: Final data set name. inlabel: Edited row label file name incolhead: Column heading file name outtable: Output table file name. totcol: Total number of data columns in table. colperpage: Max data columns per page. colnum: Max columns per page. colwidth: Length of table columns. colspace: Space between columns. startrow: The first row position. maxlinelength: Page width. tablewidth: Table width. titlenum: Number of titles. footnum: Number of foot notes. breaknum: Number of page breaks. breaklist: List of line number _n_ s in the edited row labels file where page breaks. KEY MACROS IN THE MODULE 1. Combine Row Labels with Data The first part of the macro combines the final data set with the edited row labels file in the format that they should appear in the table. The code is: data rlabeldata; set &inlabel; /* row label set. */ labelorder=_n_; * Add label order; proc sort; by datorder; /* move all the lines will be followed data together. */ data finaldata(keep=datorder col1- col&totcol); set &indata; /* Final output data set from module */ datorder=_n_; *Add data order; data Final; merge rlabeldata finaldata; by datorder; /* merge data lines with the proper label. */ proc sort data=final; by labelorder; /* go back to label order. */ Now the Final data file is: TOTAL Year 2000 OCT NOV DEC Year 2001 JAN FEB It is ready to display in a table. 2. Divide The Combined Data Set Columns in the Way They will Appear on Each Page %let tablenum=%sysevalf(&totcol /&colpertable, floor); %let tablenum2=%eval(&tablenum-1); %let colleft=%eval(&totcol- &tablenum*&colpertable); /* make subsets */ %macro subdata; %do j=0 %to &tablenum; %global subset&j; %let firstcol&j=%eval( &j*&colpertable+1); %let lastcol&j=%eval( (&j+1)*&colpertable); %if &colleft=0 %then %do; data subset&j(keep= labl col&&firstcol&j %else %do; data subset&j(keep=labl col&&firstcol&j %let j=&tablenum; data subset&tablenum(keep=labl col&&firstcol&jcol&totcol); %mend subdata;
3 3. Assign the Subset Data Variable Values to Macro Variables The code falling within macro mktb (see Appendix) is : %if &colleft=0 %then %let endnum=&tablenum2; %else %let endnum=&tablenum; %do k=0 %to &endnum ; ods listing close; proc contents data=subset&k ; ods output VariablesAlpha=out&k; ods listing; proc sort data=out&k; set out&k(keep=num Variable Len) end=lastone; length varname $ 8; length leng $ 3; if last.num then do; varname=compress('vn' left(put(i,2.))); leng=compress('ln' left(put(i,2.))); call symput(varname,variable); call symput(leng,len); end; if lastone then call symput('numvn',num); etc 4. Assign the Column Headings to Macro Variables length ii $2.; set &incolhead; ii=left(put(i,2.)); call symput('n',ii); call symput('colh' ii, right(colhead)); 5. Extract Break Line Numbers from the String Variable %breaklist %macro breakline3; %global break&j; %let break&j=%substr(%str(&breaklst), (%eval(&j)*4-3),3); %put &&break&j; %mend breakline3; 6. Setup Table Column Start Positions %macro tabformat ; %let wid&j=%substr(%str(&colwidth), (%eval(&j)*3-2),2); %global c&j; %let c1=0; %do j=2 %to &colnum; %let jzero=%eval(&j-1); %let c&j=%eval(&&c&jzero +&&wid&jzero+&colspace); %PUT &&C&J; %mend tabformat; 7. Put the Key Macros Together, and Use Data _null_ to Print the Table. (see Appendix) CONCLUSION The macro has several key benefits: 1. It reduces both the time spent and errors made when producing tables. 2. The macro is readily accessible to programmers of all levels especially those who are not familiar with producing tables. 3. By separating row labels from data lines, users can easily modify either without making big changes in the table program. 4. If many sites are involved (we have seen up to 90 at our center), the user can use a site name variable in the study database to generate the column heading file and thereby avoid typing lengthy column names. APPENDIX /********************************************** * Program name: maketable.sas * Purpose : A SAS macro to generate data * summary tables from given Data, * Row Labels, and Column Headings * files. * Programmer : Yajie Wang * Input : various * Output : &outtable * Ext. macros : None * SAS Version : SAS 8 or higher ***********************************************/ %macro maketable(totcol=, colperpage=, colnum=, colwidth=, colspace=, startrow=, maxlinelength=, tablewidth=, titlenum=, footnum=, dir=, breaknum=, breaklist=, indata=, inlabel=, incolhead=, outtable=); /*******Get 'Final' Data Set Ready*******/ data rlabeldata; set &inlabel; labelorder=_n_; proc sort; by datorder; data finaldata(keep=datorder col1-col&totcol); set &indata; datorder=_n_; data Final; merge rlabeldata finaldata; by datorder; proc sort data=final; by labelorder; /*******Generate Table*******/
4 %let tablenum=%sysevalf(&totcol/&colperpage, floor); %let tablenum2=%eval(&tablenum-1); %let colleft=%eval(&totcol- &tablenum*&colperpage); %let brokenline=%sysfunc(repeat(-,&tablewidth)); %let solidline=%sysfunc(repeat(_,&tablewidth)); /* make subsets */; %macro subdata; %do j=0 %to &tablenum; %global subset&j; %let firstcol&j=%eval(&j*&colperpage+1); %let lastcol&j=%eval((&j+1)*&colperpage); %if &colleft=0 %then %do; data subset&j(keep= labl col&&firstcol&j %else %do; data subset&j(keep=labl col&&firstcol&j %let j=&tablenum; data subset&tablenum(keep=labl col&&firstcol&j-col&totcol); %mend subdata; %subdata; length ii $2.; set &incolhead; ii=left(put(i,2.)); call symput('colh' ii,right(colhead)); %macro tabformat ; %let wid&j=%substr(%str(&colwidth), (%eval(&j)*3-2),2); %global c&j; %let c1=0; %do j=2 %to &colnum; %let jzero=%eval(&j-1); %let c&j=%eval(&&c&jzero+&&wid&jzero +&colspace); %PUT &&C&J; %mend tabformat; %tabformat ; %if &colleft=0 %then %let endnum=&tablenum2; %else %let endnum=&tablenum; %do k=0 %to &endnum ; ods listing close; proc contents data=subset&k ; ods output VariablesAlpha=out&k; ods listing; proc sort data=out&k; set out&k(keep=num Variable Len) end=lastone; length varname $ 8; length leng $ 3; if last.num then do; varname=compress('vn' left(put(i,2.))); leng=compress('ln' left(put(i,2.))); call symput(varname,variable); call symput(leng,len); end; if lastone then call symput('numvn',num); %macro varlist1; %do i=1 %to &numvn; %global varn&i; %global lln&i; %let varn&i=%sysfunc(compress(&&vn&i)); %let lln&i=%sysfunc(compress(&&ln&i)); %varlist1; %macro varlist2; %do i=1 %to &totcol; %global tiln&i; %let tiln&i=%str(%sysfunc(compress (&&colh&i))); %varlist2; set subset&k end=eof; file "&outtable.&k" print notitles n=1; retain page 0 newpage 1; if newpage then link header; %macro breakline3; %global break&j; %let break&j=%substr(%str(&breaklist), (%eval(&j)*4-3),3); %put &&break&j; %mend breakline3; %breakline3; %macro mktb; %macro putbreak;
5 if _n_ = &&break&j then do; link foot; newpage=1; link header; end; %mend putbreak; %putbreak; %macro putvar; %do j=1 %to &numvn; %let jplus=%eval(&j+1); %let ft=&&lln&j; &&varn&j %putvar; if eof then link foot; return; *******************; *** Put titles. ***; *******************; header: %macro titlecol; %do j=0 %to &titlenum; %global center&j; %do j=1 %to &titlenum; %let center&j=%eval(&maxlinelength/2 - %eval(%length(&&title&j)/2); %put &¢er&j; %let center0=%eval(&maxlinelength/2 - %eval(%length(&brokenline)/2); %mend titlecol; %titlecol; page+1; %macro puttlnew1; put 'Page ' Page; %do j=1 %to &titlenum; "&&title&j"; "&brokenline"; %macro puttln; %let colhnum=%eval(&numvn-1); %do j=1 %to &colhnum; %let p=%eval(&colperpage*&k+&j); %let jplus2=%eval(&j+2); newpage=0; return; ***********************; *** Put footnotes. ***; ***********************; foot: %macro putfoot; "&solidline"; %do j=1 %to &footnum; "&&foot&j"; %mend putfoot; %putfoot newpage=1; return; %mktb; %mend maketable; REFERENCES Carpenter, A. L. (1997), Start to %Mend: Using the SAS System Macro Language. SAS Institute Inc., (1996), SAS Macro Language Course Notes. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program and conducted under the guidance of Philip Lavori, Ph.D., Director of the Palo Alto Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center. Other staff in the Statistical Programming Group include Lauren Uyeda (new member) and Kristi Mahadocon (past member). CONTACT INFORMATION Contact Yajie Wang at: VA Palo Alto Health Care System CSPCC (151k) 795 Willow Road Bldg. 205, Room 7B Menlo Park, CA yajie.wang@med.va.gov %puttln; "&brokenline"; %mend puttlnew1; %puttlnew1;
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