Programming Windows Azure

Transcription

1 Programming Windows Azure Sriram Krishnan O'REILLY* Beijing Cambridge Farnham Koln Sebastopol Taipei Tokyo

2 Table of Contents Preface xiii 1. Cloud Computing 1 Understanding Cloud Computing 1 History of Cloud Computing 2 Understanding the Characteristics of Cloud Computing 7 Understanding Cloud Services 8 The Windows Azure Platform 9 Azure AppFabric 9 SQL Azure 10 Windows Azure 10 Understanding the Origins of Windows Azure 10 Understanding Windows Azure Features 12 Virtualization 13 The Fabric Controller 15 Storage 16 When Not to Use the Cloud 18 Service Availability 18 Custom Infrastructure Requirements 19 Security, Confidentiality, and Audits 19 Capacity Planning and Limits 20 Unpredictable Performance 20 Migration and Interoperability 21 Summary Under the Hood 23 Inside the Cloud 23 The Data Centers 25 Security 26 Compliance 26 The Hypervisor 27 v

3 Hypervisor Architecture 28 Hypercalls and Enlightenments 30 Windows Azure Hypervisor Architecture 30 Windows Azure Hypervisor Features 33 The Fabric 34 The Fabric Controller 35 Coding and Modeling 37 Provisioning and Deployment 40 Management and Monitoring 41 Summary Your First Cloud App 43 Signing Up for Windows Azure 43 The Windows Azure Tool Set 44 Getting and Installing the Tools 44 Satisfying the Prerequisites 44 Getting to Know the SDK and Tools 46 Understanding the Development Fabric 47 Development Storage 49 Developing Your First Cloud Application 50 Writing the Code 50 Packing the Code for the Dev Fabric 52 the Code in the Dev Fabric 54 Running Running the Code in the Cloud 55 Using the Visual Studio Tools 62 Summary Service Model 67 Understanding Windows Azure Roles 67 Role Instances 69 Role Size 71 Service Definition and Configuration 72 Service Definition 73 Service Configuration 74 Introducing the Service Runtime API 75 Accessing Configuration Settings 78 Understanding Endpoints 78 Understanding Inter-Role Communication 80 Subscribing to Changes 83 Looking at Worker Roles in Depth 84 Creating Worker Roles 84 Understanding the Worker Role Life Cycle 85 Understanding Worker Role Patterns 86 vi Table of Contents

4 Summary Managing Your Service 89 Common Themes Across Windows Azure Services 89 Windows Azure Developer Portal 90 Service Management API 91 Operations 92 API Authentication 92 Creating an X.509 Certificate 93 Uploading the X.509 Certificate 95 Making API Requests 96 Using Csmanage 99 Dealing with Upgrades 102 In-Place Upgrade 102 VIP Swap 104 Summary Native and Non-.NET Code 107 The Windows Azure Sandbox 107 Hypervisor and Standard User Privileges 107 Windows Azure Partial Trust 108 Full Trust and Native Code 109 Peeking Under the Hood with a Command Shell 109 Building the Command Shell Proxy 110 Enabling Native Code Execution 113 Running the Command Proxy 114 Running Non-.NET Languages 117 Understanding FastCGI and PHP 117 What Is FastCGI? 118 FastCGI on Windows Azure 119 PHP on Windows Azure 120 "Gotchas" with Running Native Code 125 Summary Storage Fundamentals 127 Accepting the New Storage System 128 Windows Azure Storage Characteristics 129 Lots and Lots of Space 129 Distribution 129 Scalability 129 Replication 130 Consistency 130 RESTful HTTP APIs 131 Tableof Contents vii

5 Geodistribution 131 Pay for Play 131 Windows Azure Storage Services 131 Blob Storage 132 Queue Storage 132 Table Storage 132 SQL Azure 133 Getting Started with a Storage Account 133 Signing Up for a Storage Account 133 Picking a Geographic Location 135 Affinity Groups 136 Pricing 137 Working with the REST API 138 Understanding the RESTful API Resources 139 HTTP Requests and Responses 140 Building a Storage Client 142 Understanding Authentication and Request Signing 147 Using the Signing Algorithm 148 Creating and Uploading Stuff 151 Using the SDK and Development Storage 153 Installation and Prerequisites 153 Using Cloud Drive 154 Using the Development Storage 155 Summary Blobs 157 Understanding the Blob Service 157 Using Blobs 158 Pricing 160 Data Model 160 Usage Considerations 162 Requests Could Fail 162 Changes Are Reflected Instantly 163 Compressed Content 164 Using the Blob Storage API 164 Using the Storage Client Library 165 Using Containers 167 Understanding Names and URIs 167 Creating a Container 168 Using an Access Policy 172 Listing Containers 174 Using Metadata 175 Deleting Containers 176 viii Table of Contents

6 Using Blobs 176 Names and Paths 177 Creating and Deleting a Block Blob 178 Compressed Content 181 Reading Blobs 184 Conditional Reads 185 Listing, Filtering, and Searching for Blobs 187 Copying Blob 193 Understanding Block Blobs 193 Using Blocks 194 PUT Block 195 Block ID 195 Put BlockList 195 Understanding Page Blobs 196 Pages 197 Windows Azure XDrive 198 XDrive Internals 199 CDN Access and Custom Domain Names 199 Using Custom Domains 200 Summary 202 Queues 203 Understanding the Value of Queues 204 Decoupling Components 206 Scaling Out 207 Load Leveling 208 Windows Azure Queue Overview 208 Architecture and Data Model 208 The Life of a Message 209 Queue Usage Considerations 211 Understanding Queue Operations 212 Creating a Queue 213 Using Queue Metadata 214 Counting Queue Messages 216 Listing Queues 216 Deleting Queues 218 Understanding Message Operations 219 Enqueuing a Message 219 Understanding Message TTL 220 Peeking at a Message 220 Getting Messages 222 Deleting Messages 223 Deleting and Using PopReceipts 224 Tableof Contents 1 ix

7 Summary Tables 225 Windows Azure Table Overview 226 Core Concepts 226 Azure Tables Versus Traditional Databases 229 ADO.NET Data Services Primer 231 Exposing Data Services 232 Consuming Data Services 236 Table Operations 239 Creating Tables 239 Creating Entities 243 Querying Data 244 Using Partitioning 248 Understanding Pagination 255 Updating Entities 256 Deleting Tables 258 Deleting Entities 258 Summary Common Storage Tasks 261 Exploring Full-Text Search 261 Understanding Full-Text Search 261 Indexing 262 Building an FTS Engine on Azure 267 Modeling Data 281 One-to-Many 281 Many-to-Many 284 Making Things Fast 286 Secondary Indexes 286 Entity Group Transactions 290 Utilizing Concurrent Updates 291 Summary Building a Secure Backup System 295 Developing a Secure Backup System 296 Understanding Security 297 Protecting Data in Motion 298 Protecting Data at Rest 304 Understanding the Basics of Cryptography 305 Determining the Encryption Technique 307 Generating Keys 308 Compressing Backup Data 311 x Table of Contents

8 Encrypting Data 313 Decrypting Data 317 Signing and Validating Data 317 Putting the Cryptography Together 319 Uploading Efficiently Using Blocks 321 Usage 324 Summary SQL Azure 327 Creating and Using a SQL Azure Database 328 Creating a Database 328 Adding Firewall Rules 330 Using SQL Server Management Studio 331 UsingADO.NET 334 Differences Between SQL Azure and SQL Server 334 Resource Restrictions 334 Language/Feature Differences 335 Tips and Tricks 335 Summary 336 Index 337 Table of Contents xi