What are Information Systems?

Transcription

1 Iformatio Systems Cocepts What are Iformatio Systems? Roma Kotchakov Birkbeck, Uiversity of Lodo Based o Chapter 1 of Beett, McRobb ad Farmer: Object Orieted Systems Aalysis ad Desig Usig UML, (4th Editio), McGraw Hill,

2 Outlie Iformatio ad Iformatio Systems Sectio 1.5 (pp ) 2

3 IS Types Operatioal Systems automate the routie, day-today record-keepig tasks Maagemet Support Systems help maagers to decide or to commuicate Office Systems automate or assist i the work of office workers, e.g. clerks, secretaries, typists ad receptioists. Real-Time Cotrol Systems typically operate physical equipmet, ofte i safety-critical settigs such as. 3

4 IS for three levels of maagemet Level of maagemet Focus of decisio makig Typical IS applicatios Typical IT solutios Pivotal cocept Operatioal operative maagemet day-to-day staff activities ad productio support payroll, ivoicig, purchasig, accoutig database, applicatio geerator Data Tactical lie maagemet policies i support of short-term goals ad resource allocatio budget aalysis, salary forecastig, ivetory schedulig, customer service data warehouse, aalytical processig, spreadsheets Iformatio Strategic executive/ seior maagemet strategies i support of orgaizatioal logterm objectives market ad sales aalysis, product plaig, performace evaluatio data miig, kowledge maagemet Kowledge --- Maciaszek, L.A.: Requiremets Aalysis ad System Desig, (3 rd ed). Addiso Wesley,

5 Data, Iformatio ad Kowledge Data = raw facts represetig values, quatities, cocepts ad evets pertaiig to busiess activities e.g., telephoe umbers Iformatio = data that have bee processed or summarized to produce value-added facts, revealig features ad treds e.g., telephoe umbers grouped by their areas, idustries Kowledge = uderstadig of iformatio, obtaied by experiece or study, ad resultig i the ability to do thigs effectively ad efficietly. tacit (i a perso s mid) or documeted (i some form) e.g., how the telephoe umbers ca be used i telemarketig to etice people to buy products --- Maciaszek, L.A.: Requiremets Aalysis ad System Desig, (3 rd ed). Addiso Wesley,

6 IS: operatioal systems OLie Trasactio Processig (OLTP) systems Trasactio a logical uit of work that accomplishes a particular busiess task ad guaratees the itegrity of the database after the task completes Database techology persistet storage cocurrecy cotrol itegrity costraits security --- Maciaszek, L.A.: Requiremets Aalysis ad System Desig, (3 rd ed). Addiso Wesley,

7 IS: tactical maagemet systems OLie Aalytical Processig (OLAP) systems Aalysis of pre-existig historical data to facilitate decisio makig Data warehouse techology summarizig (aggregatio) packagig (ito graphs, charts, spreadsheets, aimatios,...) partitioig (reducig amout of data) Data marts subset of data relevat to a particular dept/fuctio Data webhouses --- Maciaszek, L.A.: Requiremets Aalysis ad System Desig, (3 rd ed). Addiso Wesley,

8 IS: strategic maagemet systems Kowledge Processig Systems kow-how itellectual capital accumulated through experiece Kowledge Maagemet to help orgaizatios discover, orgaize, distribute ad apply the kowledge ecoded i iformatio systems Data miig associatio (patters of oe evet leadig to aother) classificatio (facts that fall ito predefied categories) clusterig (categories discovered by a algorithm) AI techiques à predictive rather tha retrospective models --- Maciaszek, L.A.: Requiremets Aalysis ad System Desig, (3 rd ed). Addiso Wesley,

9 Take Home Messages Differet Types of Iformatio Systems 3 Maagemet Levels Data, Iformatio ad Kowledge 9