Survey of Oracle Database

Transcription

1 Survey of Oracle Database About Oracle: Oracle Corporation is the largest software company whose primary business is database products. Oracle database (Oracle DB) is a relational database management system (RDBMS) from the Oracle Corporation. Originally developed in 1977 by Lawrence Ellison and other developers, Oracle DB is one of the most trusted and widely-used relational database engines. The system is built around a relational database framework in which data objects may be directly accessed by users (or an application front end) through structured query language (SQL). Oracle is fully scalable relational database architecture and is often used by global enterprises, which manage and process data across wide and local area networks. The Oracle database has its own network component to allow communications across networks. Oracle DB is also known as Oracle RDBMS and, sometimes, just Oracle. History: Founded in August 1977 by Larry Ellison, Bob Miner, Ed Oates and Bruce Scott, Oracle was initially named after "Project Oracle" a project for one of their clients, the C.I.A, and the company that developed Oracle was dubbed "Systems Development Labs", or SDL. In 1978 SDL was renamed Relational Software Inc (RSI) to market their new database. Oracle release 2 (1979): The first commercial RDBMS was built using PDP-11 assembler language. Although they created a commercial version of RDBMS in 1977, it wasn't available for sale until 1979 with the launch of Oracle version 2. The company decided against starting with version 1 because they were afraid that the term "version 1" might be viewed negatively in the marketplace. USA Air Force and then CIA were the first customers to use Oracle 2.

2 Oracle release 3 (1983): The Oracle version 3 was developed in This version was assembled using C programming language and could run in mainframes, minicomputers, and PCs or any hardware with a C compiler. It supported the execution of SQL statements and transactions. This version also included new options of pre-join data to increase Oracle optimization. Oracle release 4 (1984): Oracle version 4 included support for reading consistency, which made it much faster than any previous version. Oracle version 4 also brought us the introduction of the export/import utilities and the report writer, which allows one the ability to create a report based on a query. Oracle release 5 (1985): Oracle addressed the increasing use of the internet in business computing. This version was equipped with the capability to connect clients software through a network to a database server. The Clustering Technology was introduced in this version as well and Oracle became the pioneer using this new concept which would later be known as Oracle Real Application Cluster in version 9i. Oracle version 5 added some new security features such as auditing, which would help determine who and when someone accessed the database. Oracle version 5.1 was launched in 1986 and allowed for supporting distributed queries. Later that same year Oracle released SQL*Plus, a tool that offers ad hoc data access and report writing also brought the release of SQL*Forms, an application generator and runtime system with facilities for simple application deployment. Oracle release 6 (1988): The PL/SQL language came with Oracle version 6 in 1988.

3 This version provided a host of new features including the support of OLTP highspeed systems, hot backup capability and row level locking which locks only the row or rows being used during a writing operation, rather than locking an entire table. Once the hot backup feature was introduced, DBA s could do a backup while the database was still online. Oracle Parallel Server was introduced in Oracle version 6.2 and was used with DEC VAX Cluster. The new feature provided high availability because more than one node (server) could access the data in database. With the increased availability this feature also accelerated the performance of the system that was sharing users connections between nodes. Oracle release 7(1992): 1992 was a memorable year for Oracle. The company announced Oracle version 7, which was the culmination of four years of hard work and two years of customer testing before release to market. This version of Oracle provided a vast array of new features and capabilities in areas such as security, administration, development, and performance. Oracle 7 also addressed security concerns by providing full control of who, when, and what users, were doing in the database. Roles were created at this version to make the security maintenance easier for users and privileges. The two-phase commit was added to support distributed transactions. Oracle7 Release 7.1 introduced some good new capabilities for database administrators, such as parallel recovery and read-only table spaces. For the application developments, Oracle inserted the dynamic SQL, user-defined SQL functions and multiple same-type triggers. The first 64-bit DBMS was introduced within this version as well as the VLM (Very Large Memory) option. The feature Oracle Parallel Query could make some complex queries run 5 to 20 times faster.

4 Oracle release 8(1997) The Oracle 8 Database was launched in 1997 and was designed to work with Oracle's network computer (NC). This version supported Java, HTML and OLTP. Oracle release 8i (1998): Just one year later Oracle released Oracle 8i which was the first database to support Web technologies such as Java and HTTP. In 2000 Oracle 8i Parallel Server was working with Linux which eliminated costly downtime. Oracle release 9i (2001): Oracle Real Application Cluster came with Oracle 9i Database in This feature provides software for clustering and high availability in Oracle database environments. Supporting native XML was also a new feature of Oracle 9i and this was the first relational database to have these characteristics. Version 9i release 2 enabled Oracle to integrate relational and multidimensional database. Despite the fact that hard disks were becoming cheaper, data was increasing very quickly in databases and Oracle 9i came with a special technology named table compression that reduced the size of tables by 3 to 10 times and increased the performance when accessing those tables. Oracle release 10g (2003): Oracle 9i had only been in the market for two years, Oracle launched version 10g in The release of 10g brought us the introduction to Grid Computing technology. Data centers could now share hardware resources, thus lowering the cost of computing infrastructure.

5 10g was also the first Oracle version to support 64-bit on Linux. With Oracle Database 10g and Real Application Cluster it was now possible to move from very expensive SMP boxes and mainframes to an infrastructure that relies on low costs such as UNIX or Windows servers, which have high availability, scalability and performance. Oracle release 11g (2007): The latest version of Oracle Database is 11g which was released on July 11 th This version introduced more features than any other in Oracle history. This version includes: Oracle Database Replay, a tool that captures SQL statements and lets you replay them all in another database to test the changes before you actually apply then on a production database; Transaction Management using Log Miner and Flashback Data Archive to get DML statements from redo log files; Virtual Column Partitioning; Case sensitive passwords; Online Patching; Parallel Backups on same file using RMAN and many others. Today Oracle has more than 320,000 customers and is present in 145 countries making it one of the elite companies in its field. Oracle 12c (2013): Oracle 12c, the first database designed for the Cloud. Oracle Database 12c introduces a new multitenant architecture that simplifies the process of consolidating databases onto the Cloud;

6 Oracle 12c Enabling customers to manage many databases as one - without changing their applications. Oracle Database 12c can greatly benefit customers deploying private database Clouds and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) vendors looking for the power of Oracle Database in a secure multitenant model. Oracle Database 12c, optimized on SPARC and Intel Xeon processors, is a major release. It introduces 500 additional features and is the result of 2,500 person-years of development and 1.2 million hours of testing, plus an extensive beta program with Oracle's customers and partners. Oracle Database 12c is also co-engineered with Oracle's world record setting SPARC T5 servers. Oracle Multitenant is a new feature of Oracle Database 12c, and allows each database plugged into the new multitenant architecture to look and feel like a standard Oracle Database to applications; The multitenant architecture provides virtually instantaneous provisioning and cloning of databases, which makes it an ideal platform for database test and development Clouds. Oracle Multitenant works with all Oracle Database features, including Real Application Clusters, Partitioning, Data Guard, Compression, Automatic Storage Management, Real Application Testing, Transparent Data Encryption, Database Vault, and more.

7 Oracle Database 12c includes more security innovations than any other previous Oracle database release; helping customers address evolving threats and stringent data privacy regulations. Oracle Database 12c also includes new Run-Time Privilege Analysis, enabling organizations to identify privileges and roles actually being used, helping revoke unnecessary privileges and enforce least privilege with confidence that business operations will not be disrupted. Oracle Database 12c enhances in-database MapReduce capabilities for Big Data through SQL Pattern Matching that enable immediate and scalable discovery of business event sequences such as financial transactions, network logs and clickstream logs. The innovations in Oracle Database 12c were developed with our customers' Cloud requirements very much in mind", stated Andrew Mendelsohn, senior vice president, Database Server Technologies, Oracle. By Ramprasath D My Blog: