SQL Server AlwaysOn Revealed

Transcription

1 SQL Server AlwaysOn Revealed Second Edition Peter A. Carter

2 SQL Server AlwaysOn Revealed, 2nd Edition Peter A. Carter Botley, United Kingdom ISBN-13 (pbk): ISBN-13 (electronic): DOI / Library of Congress Control Number: Copyright 2016 by Peter A. Carter This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Trademarked names, logos, and images may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, logo, or image we use the names, logos, and images only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Managing Director: Welmoed Spahr Lead Editor: Jonathan Gennick Development Editor: Laura Berendson Technical Reviewer: Bradley Beard Editorial Board: Steve Anglin, Pramila Balan, Laura Berendson, Aaron Black, Louise Corrigan, Jonathan Gennick, Todd Green, Robert Hutchinson, Celestin Suresh John, Nikhil Karkal, James Markham, Susan McDermott, Matthew Moodie, Natalie Pao, Gwenan Spearing Coordinating Editor: Jill Balzano Copy Editor: Brendan Frost Compositor: SPi Global Indexer: SPi Global Artist: SPi Global Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer Science+Business Media New York, 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY Phone SPRINGER, fax (201) , orders-ny@springer-sbm.com, or visit Apress Media, LLC is a California LLC and the sole member (owner) is Springer Science + Business Media Finance Inc (SSBM Finance Inc). SSBM Finance Inc is a Delaware corporation. For information on translations, please rights@apress.com, or visit Apress and friends of ED books may be purchased in bulk for academic, corporate, or promotional use. ebook versions and licenses are also available for most titles. For more information, reference our Special Bulk Sales ebook Licensing web page at Any source code or other supplementary materials referenced by the author in this text are available to readers at For detailed information about how to locate your book s source code, go to Readers can also access source code at SpringerLink in the Supplementary Material section for each chapter. Printed on acid-free paper

3 This book is dedicated to the beloved memory of Margaret Carter ( ).

4 Contents at a Glance About the Author... xi About the Technical Reviewer... xiii Acknowledgments... xv Chapter 1: High Availability and Disaster Recovery Concepts... 1 Chapter 2: Understanding High Availability and Disaster Recovery Technologies... 9 Chapter 3: Implementing a Cluster Chapter 4: Implementing an AlwaysOn Failover Clustered Instance Chapter 5: Implementing HA with AlwaysOn Availability Groups...83 Chapter 6: Implementing DR with AlwaysOn Availability Groups Chapter 7: Administering AlwaysOn Chapter 8: Monitoring AlwaysOn Availability Groups Chapter 9: Troubleshooting AlwaysOn Index v

5 Contents About the Author... xi About the Technical Reviewer... xiii Acknowledgments... xv Chapter 1: High Availability and Disaster Recovery Concepts... 1 Level of Availability... 1 Service-Level Agreements and Service-Level Objectives... 3 Proactive Maintenance... 4 Recovery Point Objective and Recovery Time Objective... 4 Cost of Downtime... 5 Classification of Standby Servers... 6 Summary... 7 Chapter 2: Understanding High Availability and Disaster Recovery Technologies... 9 AlwaysOn Failover Clustering... 9 Active/Active Configuration Three-Plus Node Configurations Quorum Database Mirroring AlwaysOn Availability Groups Automatic Page Repair vii

6 CONTENTS Log Shipping Recovery Modes Remote Monitor Server...25 Failover Combining Technologies Summary Chapter 3: Implementing a Cluster Building the Cluster Installing the Failover Cluster Feature Creating the Cluster Configuring the Cluster Changing the Quorum Configuring MSDTC...52 Configuring a Role Summary Chapter 4: Implementing an AlwaysOn Failover Clustered Instance Building the Instance Installing the Instance with PowerShell Adding a Node Adding a Node Using PowerShell Summary Chapter 5: Implementing HA with AlwaysOn Availability Groups...83 Preparing for Availability Groups Configuring SQL Server Creating the Availability Group viii

7 CONTENTS Using the New Availability Group Wizard Scripting the Availability Group Using the New Availability Group Dialog Box Performance Considerations for Synchronous Commit Mode Summary Chapter 6: Implementing DR with AlwaysOn Availability Groups Configuring the Cluster Adding a Node Modifying the Quorum Adding an IP Address Configuring the Availability Group Adding and Configuring a Replica Add an IP Address Improving Connection Times Distributed Availability Groups Configuring Readable Secondary Replicas Summary Chapter 7: Administering AlwaysOn Managing a Cluster Moving the Instance Between Nodes Rolling Patch Upgrade Removing a Node from the Cluster Managing AlwaysOn Availability Groups Failover Synchronizing Uncontained Objects Adding Multiple Listeners Other Administrative Considerations Summary ix

8 CONTENTS Chapter 8: Monitoring AlwaysOn Availability Groups AlwaysOn Dashboard AlwaysOn Health Trace Monitoring AlwaysOn with Extended Events Extended Events Concepts Creating an Event Session to Monitor Availability Group Summary Chapter 9: Troubleshooting AlwaysOn AlwaysOn Failover Clustered Instance Metadata Discovering the Node That Hosts an Instance Viewing Health Check Configuration AlwaysOn Availability Group Metadata Determining the Last Failover Reason Assessing the State of Availability Databases Summary Index x

9 About the Author Peter A. Carter is a SQL Server expert with over a decade of experience in developing, administering, and architecting SQL Server platforms, data-tier applications, and ETL solutions. Peter has a passion for SQL Server and hopes that his enthusiasm for this technology helps or inspires others. xi

10 About the Technical Reviewer Bradley Beard is a software engineer with more than 15 years experience writing dynamic, interactive websites using ColdFusion and SQL Server. He graduated from Florida Institute of Technology in 2007 with a Master of Science in Computer Information Systems, and studied for his undergraduate degrees in CIS and Technology Management at Herzing University. In 2013, he earned the MCSA: SQL Server 2012 certification from Microsoft, and in 2016, he earned the MCSE: Business Intelligence certification as well. His continual quest for learning has earned him shelves full of books at home and at work, most of which are about SQL Server, ColdFusion, or general web architectures or frameworks. He lives in Palm Bay, Florida with his wife, Jessica, and children, Josh, Kaylee, Matthew, and Emma. He also apparently runs an animal shelter made up of his dogs, Lady and Bella, and cats, Spice, Simba, Mercury, and Dobby. In his free time, he enjoys fishing and spending time with his wife and kids. Bradley is available for consultation and third-shift remote employment on ColdFusion and SQL Server by contacting bradley.beard@gmail.com. xiii

11 Acknowledgments I would like to thank Ian Stirk and Paul Grubb, both of whom provided helpful and constructive feedback on the first edition of this book. I have attempted to incorporate their suggestions into this edition. I would also like to offer special thanks to Lawrence You, who helped me resolve routing issues between the subnets, within the lab environment that I used in this book. xv