MAM4P MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM. Unit : I - V

Transcription

1 MAM4P MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM Unit : I - V

2 UNIT-I Syllabus Definition of management information system MIS Support for planning,organizing and controlling structure of MIS information for decision making. 2

3 INTRODUCTION People Data Software Hardware Communication Network 3

4 DEFINITION A Management Information System is used to transform data into useful information as needed to support managerial decision making with structured decisions. OBJECTIVE OF MIS: To provide requisite information support for managerial functions. To make available, right information at the right place at the right time at low cost. =1YTwuDXy77Y To ensure that unwanted information is not generated. 4

5 MIS Support Managers Planning: Managers plan by setting objects and determining the resources. Planning involves objectives and means. Organizing One of the embedded managerial activities. Process of dividing work into tasks and coordinating these tasks. Controlling Managers control by observing business activities. Comparing the actual results to the planned results. Taking corrective action when necessary. 5

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7 STRUCTURE OF MIS 4. Organizational Functions 1.Operating Elements Structure of MIS 3. Management Activities 2. Decision Support For Decision Making 7

8 Operating Elements Physical Components Processing Functions Output for Users Communication Devices PHYSICAL COMPONENTS Secondary Storage CPU Buses Primary Storage I/P Devices O/P Devices 8

9 PROCESSING FUNCTION Transactions Processing of Transactions Files Transaction Documents 9

10 OUTPUT FOR USERS Data Output Transaction documents Preplanned reports User machine Dialog results Provides Input Documents 10

11 DECISION MAKING Setting of premises about future event. IS support decision making process and even handles decisions. PROPOSED STEPS: Recognition of problem. Analysis and statement of alternatives. Choice among the alternatives. Implementation of decision. Follow-up and feedback of results 11

12 PHASES OF DECISION MAKING Intelligence Design Choice 12

13 Types of Decision Making 1. Structured, Programmable decision. 2. Unstructured, Non programmable decisions. STRUCTURED OR PROGRAMMABLE: Decision is automated by a decision rule. Pre specified and handled by lower level personnel. Many Highly structured decisions are completely automated. Eg: Inventory Control Reorder Level UNSTRUCTURED OR NONPROGRAMMABLE No pre-established decision procedures. Problems having complex or major commitments. Made by upper level Managers. Eg: New product decisions, selection of a board member. 13

14 DECISION STRUCTURES Decision Structures Unstructured Strategic Planning Information Infrequent External Summarized Wide scope Unscheduled Ad hoc Semi-structured Structured Tactical Planning Management Control Operational Control Frequent Internal Detailed Pre-specified Scheduled Narrow focus 14

15 UNIT-II Syllabus Concept of system Characteristics of system System classification Categories of information systems Strategic information system and competitive advantage. 15

16 System - Definition A group of interrelated or interacting elements. Also defined as collection of components which respond to inputs to produce the desired output. 16

17 A System C1 to C5 : Components Input System C1 C2 C5 C3 C4 Outpu t System Environment Boundary / Interface 17

18 System - Definition A group of interrelated or interacting elements. Also defined as collection of components which respond to inputs to produce the desired output. 18

19 Characteristics of a System 1. Boundary 2. Component 3. Interrelationship 4. Environment 5. Interface 6. Input 7. Output 19

20 CLASSIFICATION 1. Conceptual and Empirical 2. Open and Closed 3. Permanent and Temporary 4. Stationary and Non-stationary 5. Adaptive and Non-adaptive 6. Stable and Unstable Conceptual:Concerned with theoretical Structures and composed of ideas Empirical: Made up ofpeople, materials, machines and other physical things. 20

21 CLASSIFICATION Open: A system that interacts with other systems in its environment. Closed: Closed systems sustain their operation only as long as they have adequate regulatory information. Permanent: Systems with a long span of life-time. Temporary: Designed for a specified period of time. Stationary: properties and operations either do not vary or else vary in repetitive cycles. Non-Stationary:A research and development Adaptive: reacts to its environment to improve its functioning. Non-adaptive: Systems do not react or adapt to the environment. Stable:A system which is unchangeable.it stands firmly or constantly. Unstable:Continuously changing systems. vugorz9xyifmea5ftvbtyn7q&index=6 21

22 CATEGORIES Information Systems Transaction Processing Systems Management Information Systems Decision Support Systems Executive Information Systems Expert systems 22

23 Corporate databases of internal data Databases of external data Corporate intranet Employees Business transactions Transaction processing systems Databases of valid transactions Management information systems Application databases Decision support systems Executive support systems Drill-down reports Operational databases Input and error list Exception reports Demand reports Key-indicator reports Scheduled reports Expert systems 23

24 Strategic Information System Goal Oriented. Used for Analysis and Long term processing. Defines the factors that affect future performances. Uses Statistical Tools. (Eg: Excel, SPSS) Strategic Planning: 1. Altering the organizational structure. 2. Creating new products and services. 3. Improving existing product lines. Definition: Any kind of information system that uses information technology to help an organization gain a competitive advantage, reduce a competitive disadvantage, or meet other strategic enterprise objectives. 24

25 Competitive Forces Definition: Shape the structure of competition in its industry. Competitive Strategies: Cost Leadership Differentiation Innovation Growth Alliance 25

26 Competitive Strategy Examples 26

27 UNIT-III Syllabus Computers and information processing classification of computer Input Devices Ouput devices Storage devices, Batch and online processing Hardware-Software Database management Systems. 27

28 COMPUTER AND INFORMATION PROCESSING Definition: Its an electronic Device that is used for information Processing. Computer.. Latin word.. Compute. Performs computations and makes logical decisions. 28

29 FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER 29

30 Classifications of Programming languages 1. Machine Language. 2. Assembly Language. 3. High-Level Language. 4. Fourth generation Language. Machine Language: The only language understood by computers. It comprises entirely of numbers(0s and 1s). Also known as Binary Language or Machine Language. Assembly Language Similar to machine languages, but enable the use of names(mnemonics) instead of numbers. Fourth generation Language: 4GLs are used to access databases 30

31 Input Devices Devices that are used to feed data into a computer system. 31

32 OUTPUT DEVICES output device is any device used to send data from a computer to another device or user. 32

33 STORAGE A computer has internal storage (memory) as well as external or secondary storage. In secondary storage, a large amount of data and programs can be stored for future use. The stored data and programs are available at any time for processing. 33

34 MAGNETIC STORAGE Most common form of storage Hard drives, floppy drives, tape All magnetic drives work the sme 34

35 Floppy Disk Also known as Diskette Read with a disk drive Spin at 300 RPM Takes.2 second to find data 3 ½ floppy disk holds 1.44 MB Tracks and Sectors 35

36 BATCH AND ONLINE PROCESSING BATCH PROCESSING To process a large set of data in a specific way, automatically, without needing any user intervention. ONLINE PROCESSING: Data is processed immediately while it is entered, the user usually only has to wait a short time for a response. 36

37 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE Software: - Set of instructions for which computer processes data. - Invisible Things. Hardware: - Physical devices of computer system. - Visible Things. 37

38 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Database Management System or DBMS refers to the technology of storing and retrieving users data with utmost efficiency along with appropriate security measures. 38

39 FUNCTION OF DBMS 8. Storage Management 1. Catalog Management 2. Applications 7. Language Interface Functions of DBMS 3.Transaction Management 6. Security Management 5. Recovery Management 4. Concurrency Control Ur_Ic_9b4PcKmlae41cyxEefot&index=3 39

40 Components of DBMS Application Programs User Queries Database Schema Preprocessor Query Processor DDL Compiler Object Code Database Manager Data Dictionary Access Methods File Manager Master Database 40

41 UNIT-IV Syllabus System Analysis and design SDLC Role of System Analyst Functional Information System-production,marketing. 41

42 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN DEFINITION: Describes what a system should do to meet the information needs of users. 1. Analysis Of Present System System Analysis 2. Organizational analysis 3. Functional Analysis 42

43 DEVELOPMENT MODELS Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Rapid Applications Development (RAD). Prototyping. Joint Applications Development (JAD). Object-Oriented. 43

44 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE Developing (Writing of Codes) and Testing of: Individual Modules, Sub systems, Whole System. Check the Quality of Code. Standards of code. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: Preparing documentation (Manuals) for each program. Receiving the User Data. Defines Acceptance Testing. 44

45 SDLC MODELS WATERFALL MODEL 45

46 SPIRAL AND PROTOTYPE MODEL

47 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN DEFINITION: Describes what a system should do to meet the information needs of users. 1. Analysis Of Present System System Analysis 2. Organizational analysis 3. Functional Analysis 47

48 SYSTEM ANALYST The system analyst is the person (or persons) who guides through the development of an information system. In performing these tasks the analyst must always match the information system objectives with the goals of the organization.role of System Analyst differs from organization to organization. Most common responsibilities of System Analyst are following 1) System analysis It includes system's study in order to get facts about business activity. It is about getting information and determining requirements. Here the responsibility includes only requirement determination, not the design of the system. 2) System analysis and design: Here apart from the analysis work, Analyst is also responsible for the designing of the new system/application. 3) Systems analysis, design, and programming: Here Analyst is also required to perform as a programmer, where he actually writes the code to implement the design of the proposed application. 48

49 ROLE OF SYSTEM ANALYST 49

50 FUNCTIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEM Provide Information to Decision Makers. Provide Feedback on daily operations. 50

51 PRODUCTION MIS Provide support to all activities that produces goods or service. Activities: Strategic Planning Tactical Planning Support Systems TPS. 51

52 MARKETING Planning, Promotion and sale of existing products in existing markets. Development of new products and new markets. 52

53 MARKETING MIS 53

54 UNIT-IV Syllabus Decision Support Systems - Definition. Group Decision Support Systems Business Process Outsourcing - Definition and function 54

55 DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS A Class of systems (tools) which support the process of making decision. Allows retrieval of data and testing alternate solutions. 55

56 CHARACTERISTIC OF DSS Supports Manager but not replace his/her solution. Provide sequence of analysis. Used for Semi-structured systems. Provide interactive problem solving method. Provides enhanced dialogs between user and the system. Aids the user to explore the problem situation. Easy access to database. Eg: Financial Systems. 56

57 PROBLEM SOLVING USING DSS Define and formulate problem Frame problem into DSS model Use model to obtain results Reformulate problem 57

58 COMPONENTS OF DSS 1. The Users 2. Databases 3. Planning Languages 4. Model Base. 58

59 Continued COMPONENTS OF DSS USER: Usually a manager. With / without the knowledge of computers. Should concentrate on problem and finding alternate solutions. DATABASE: Contains Routine / Non routine data. Internal and external data. To define & formulate the problem. 59

60 Continued COMPONENTS OF DSS PLANNING LANGUAGES: General Purpose languages: To perform any routine tasks like statistical analysis. Eg: Electronic Spread Sheet (MS-Excel). Special Purpose languages: Limited with operations. Better performance of specified problem area. Eg: SPSS. 60

61 Continued COMPONENTS OF DSS MODEL BASE: Performs data manipulations and computations. Custom developed models. Examples: Cross Tabulation, Regression Analysis, Time Series Analysis. 61

62 Group DSS (GDSS) Interactive computer-based system. Provide solutions for semi-structured problems. Set of decision makers working together. 62

63 TYPES OF GROUP DSS (GDSS) Decision Room, Decision Network, Teleconferencing, Remote Decision Making. 63

64 ADVANTAGES OF GDSS 1. Anonymity 2. Parallel Communication 3. Automated Record Keeping. 4. More Structure 64

65 Business Process Outsourcing Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a subset of outsourcing. Contracting of the operations and responsibilities of specific business functions (or processes) to a third-party service provider. 65

66 FUNCTIONS OF BPO 66