ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

Transcription

1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO First edition Systems to manage terminology, knowledge and content Design, implementation and maintenance of terminology management systems Systèmes de gestion de la terminologie, de la connaissance et du contenu Conception, mise en œuvre et maintenance des systèmes de gestion de la terminologie Reference number ISO 26162:2012(E) ISO 2012

2 COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel Fax copyright@iso.org Web Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved

3 Contents Page Foreword... vi Introduction... vii 1 Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Resources Data categories Data modelling Applications Terminology management system (TMS) General description Purchased or self-programmed TMS Predefined or freely definable TMS Desktop, client-server or Web-based TMS Stand-alone, integrated or combined TMS Monolingual, bilingual or multilingual TMS Database or structured text TMS Single-database or multiple-database TMS Project phases Overview Pre-feasibility study Feasibility study Use-case analysis System requirements Cost-effectiveness System design System development System deployment System test TMS population, use, and maintenance User-centred design Basic procedures Steps in a user-centred approach Identifying the users and their needs Identifying the output products Performing a task analysis and preparing use cases Identifying and prioritizing requirements Conducting a competitive evaluation Designing and evaluating a prototype Adjusting the design to user feedback Performing a beta assessment Terminological data categories Introduction to data categories Principles for selecting and using data categories Types of data categories Data entry structures Selecting data categories Translation-specific data categories ISO 2012 All rights reserved iii

4 7.7 Prescriptive data categories Workflow-related data categories Standardized data category names and data category concepts Data modelling The terminological metamodel Data modelling for concept orientation Application-oriented approaches Data modelling examples Accounting for legacy data Implementing the TMS Deploying the TMS Deployment activities Preparing documentation, help, and educational materials Providing support and maintenance Meeting stakeholder dependencies Announcing and promoting the TMS Delivering the TMS Providing training Measuring user satisfaction User interfaces Designing the user interface Displaying terminological data categories Displaying and arranging terminological entries Inputting and editing data Manually inputting data Importing data Editing data Validating data Automatically generating or modifying data Adding cross-references Adding multimedia files Search functions Database search features Searching for a term Searching by concept number or characteristics Complex filtering and searching Searching in text fields Browsing Data output Types of data output Displaying search results Sorting Printouts Exporting the data to a file Exporting data for other applications Organizing and administering the TMS Creating a management plan Importance of data flow management Changing the data model Providing for data security Controlling access Supporting an interchange format Staffing the TMS Controlling costs and managing resources...64 Annex A (informative) Case studies: Data categories and data modelling...66 iv ISO 2012 All rights reserved

5 Bibliography ISO 2012 All rights reserved v

6 Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Terminology and other language and content resources, Subcommittee SC 3, Systems to manage terminology, knowledge and content. vi ISO 2012 All rights reserved

7 Introduction Terminological data are collected, managed and stored in a wide variety of terminology management systems (TMSs). TMSs employ a variety of database management systems, ranging from personal computer applications for individual users to client server applications or Web-based applications operated by major companies and governmental agencies. Terminological data collections (TDCs) are based on various kinds of data models and consist of different sets of data categories (Data Category Selections, DCSs). To facilitate co-operation and to prevent duplication of work, it is important to develop standards and guidelines for creating and using TDCs as well as for sharing and exchanging data. ISO/TC 37 has published the following standards in order to facilitate the exchange of terminological data and to create an integrated approach to be used in analysing an existing TDC and in designing new ones: ISO 704, ISO 12620, ISO Having some acquaintance with these documents before reading this International Standard would be beneficial. This International Standard gives guidance on choosing the relevant data categories, as well as designing and implementing a data model and a user interface for a TMS, taking into account the intended user group. The guidelines described in this International Standard are indispensable for the successful development of a TMS and for avoiding costly errors. This International Standard may be used for choosing the appropriate TMS for a certain purpose. ISO 2012 All rights reserved vii

8 COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel Fax copyright@iso.org Web Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved

9 Contents Page Foreword... vi Introduction... vii 1 Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Resources Data categories Data modelling Applications Terminology management system (TMS) General description Purchased or self-programmed TMS Predefined or freely definable TMS Desktop, client-server or Web-based TMS Stand-alone, integrated or combined TMS Monolingual, bilingual or multilingual TMS Database or structured text TMS Single-database or multiple-database TMS Project phases Overview Pre-feasibility study Feasibility study Use-case analysis System requirements Cost-effectiveness System design System development System deployment System test TMS population, use, and maintenance User-centred design Basic procedures Steps in a user-centred approach Identifying the users and their needs Identifying the output products Performing a task analysis and preparing use cases Identifying and prioritizing requirements Conducting a competitive evaluation Designing and evaluating a prototype Adjusting the design to user feedback Performing a beta assessment Terminological data categories Introduction to data categories Principles for selecting and using data categories Types of data categories Data entry structures Selecting data categories Translation-specific data categories ISO 2012 All rights reserved iii

10 7.7 Prescriptive data categories Workflow-related data categories Standardized data category names and data category concepts Data modelling The terminological metamodel Data modelling for concept orientation Application-oriented approaches Data modelling examples Accounting for legacy data Implementing the TMS Deploying the TMS Deployment activities Preparing documentation, help, and educational materials Providing support and maintenance Meeting stakeholder dependencies Announcing and promoting the TMS Delivering the TMS Providing training Measuring user satisfaction User interfaces Designing the user interface Displaying terminological data categories Displaying and arranging terminological entries Inputting and editing data Manually inputting data Importing data Editing data Validating data Automatically generating or modifying data Adding cross-references Adding multimedia files Search functions Database search features Searching for a term Searching by concept number or characteristics Complex filtering and searching Searching in text fields Browsing Data output Types of data output Displaying search results Sorting Printouts Exporting the data to a file Exporting data for other applications Organizing and administering the TMS Creating a management plan Importance of data flow management Changing the data model Providing for data security Controlling access Supporting an interchange format Staffing the TMS Controlling costs and managing resources...64 Annex A (informative) Case studies: Data categories and data modelling...66 iv ISO 2012 All rights reserved

11 Bibliography ISO 2012 All rights reserved v

12 Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Terminology and other language and content resources, Subcommittee SC 3, Systems to manage terminology, knowledge and content. vi ISO 2012 All rights reserved

13 Introduction Terminological data are collected, managed and stored in a wide variety of terminology management systems (TMSs). TMSs employ a variety of database management systems, ranging from personal computer applications for individual users to client server applications or Web-based applications operated by major companies and governmental agencies. Terminological data collections (TDCs) are based on various kinds of data models and consist of different sets of data categories (Data Category Selections, DCSs). To facilitate co-operation and to prevent duplication of work, it is important to develop standards and guidelines for creating and using TDCs as well as for sharing and exchanging data. ISO/TC 37 has published the following standards in order to facilitate the exchange of terminological data and to create an integrated approach to be used in analysing an existing TDC and in designing new ones: ISO 704, ISO 12620, ISO Having some acquaintance with these documents before reading this International Standard would be beneficial. This International Standard gives guidance on choosing the relevant data categories, as well as designing and implementing a data model and a user interface for a TMS, taking into account the intended user group. The guidelines described in this International Standard are indispensable for the successful development of a TMS and for avoiding costly errors. This International Standard may be used for choosing the appropriate TMS for a certain purpose. ISO 2012 All rights reserved vii

14 COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel Fax copyright@iso.org Web Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved

15 Contents Page Foreword... vi Introduction... vii 1 Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Resources Data categories Data modelling Applications Terminology management system (TMS) General description Purchased or self-programmed TMS Predefined or freely definable TMS Desktop, client-server or Web-based TMS Stand-alone, integrated or combined TMS Monolingual, bilingual or multilingual TMS Database or structured text TMS Single-database or multiple-database TMS Project phases Overview Pre-feasibility study Feasibility study Use-case analysis System requirements Cost-effectiveness System design System development System deployment System test TMS population, use, and maintenance User-centred design Basic procedures Steps in a user-centred approach Identifying the users and their needs Identifying the output products Performing a task analysis and preparing use cases Identifying and prioritizing requirements Conducting a competitive evaluation Designing and evaluating a prototype Adjusting the design to user feedback Performing a beta assessment Terminological data categories Introduction to data categories Principles for selecting and using data categories Types of data categories Data entry structures Selecting data categories Translation-specific data categories ISO 2012 All rights reserved iii

16 7.7 Prescriptive data categories Workflow-related data categories Standardized data category names and data category concepts Data modelling The terminological metamodel Data modelling for concept orientation Application-oriented approaches Data modelling examples Accounting for legacy data Implementing the TMS Deploying the TMS Deployment activities Preparing documentation, help, and educational materials Providing support and maintenance Meeting stakeholder dependencies Announcing and promoting the TMS Delivering the TMS Providing training Measuring user satisfaction User interfaces Designing the user interface Displaying terminological data categories Displaying and arranging terminological entries Inputting and editing data Manually inputting data Importing data Editing data Validating data Automatically generating or modifying data Adding cross-references Adding multimedia files Search functions Database search features Searching for a term Searching by concept number or characteristics Complex filtering and searching Searching in text fields Browsing Data output Types of data output Displaying search results Sorting Printouts Exporting the data to a file Exporting data for other applications Organizing and administering the TMS Creating a management plan Importance of data flow management Changing the data model Providing for data security Controlling access Supporting an interchange format Staffing the TMS Controlling costs and managing resources...64 Annex A (informative) Case studies: Data categories and data modelling...66 iv ISO 2012 All rights reserved

17 Bibliography ISO 2012 All rights reserved v

18 Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Terminology and other language and content resources, Subcommittee SC 3, Systems to manage terminology, knowledge and content. vi ISO 2012 All rights reserved

19 Introduction Terminological data are collected, managed and stored in a wide variety of terminology management systems (TMSs). TMSs employ a variety of database management systems, ranging from personal computer applications for individual users to client server applications or Web-based applications operated by major companies and governmental agencies. Terminological data collections (TDCs) are based on various kinds of data models and consist of different sets of data categories (Data Category Selections, DCSs). To facilitate co-operation and to prevent duplication of work, it is important to develop standards and guidelines for creating and using TDCs as well as for sharing and exchanging data. ISO/TC 37 has published the following standards in order to facilitate the exchange of terminological data and to create an integrated approach to be used in analysing an existing TDC and in designing new ones: ISO 704, ISO 12620, ISO Having some acquaintance with these documents before reading this International Standard would be beneficial. This International Standard gives guidance on choosing the relevant data categories, as well as designing and implementing a data model and a user interface for a TMS, taking into account the intended user group. The guidelines described in this International Standard are indispensable for the successful development of a TMS and for avoiding costly errors. This International Standard may be used for choosing the appropriate TMS for a certain purpose. ISO 2012 All rights reserved vii

20 COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel Fax copyright@iso.org Web Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved

21 Contents Page Foreword... vi Introduction... vii 1 Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Resources Data categories Data modelling Applications Terminology management system (TMS) General description Purchased or self-programmed TMS Predefined or freely definable TMS Desktop, client-server or Web-based TMS Stand-alone, integrated or combined TMS Monolingual, bilingual or multilingual TMS Database or structured text TMS Single-database or multiple-database TMS Project phases Overview Pre-feasibility study Feasibility study Use-case analysis System requirements Cost-effectiveness System design System development System deployment System test TMS population, use, and maintenance User-centred design Basic procedures Steps in a user-centred approach Identifying the users and their needs Identifying the output products Performing a task analysis and preparing use cases Identifying and prioritizing requirements Conducting a competitive evaluation Designing and evaluating a prototype Adjusting the design to user feedback Performing a beta assessment Terminological data categories Introduction to data categories Principles for selecting and using data categories Types of data categories Data entry structures Selecting data categories Translation-specific data categories ISO 2012 All rights reserved iii

22 7.7 Prescriptive data categories Workflow-related data categories Standardized data category names and data category concepts Data modelling The terminological metamodel Data modelling for concept orientation Application-oriented approaches Data modelling examples Accounting for legacy data Implementing the TMS Deploying the TMS Deployment activities Preparing documentation, help, and educational materials Providing support and maintenance Meeting stakeholder dependencies Announcing and promoting the TMS Delivering the TMS Providing training Measuring user satisfaction User interfaces Designing the user interface Displaying terminological data categories Displaying and arranging terminological entries Inputting and editing data Manually inputting data Importing data Editing data Validating data Automatically generating or modifying data Adding cross-references Adding multimedia files Search functions Database search features Searching for a term Searching by concept number or characteristics Complex filtering and searching Searching in text fields Browsing Data output Types of data output Displaying search results Sorting Printouts Exporting the data to a file Exporting data for other applications Organizing and administering the TMS Creating a management plan Importance of data flow management Changing the data model Providing for data security Controlling access Supporting an interchange format Staffing the TMS Controlling costs and managing resources...64 Annex A (informative) Case studies: Data categories and data modelling...66 iv ISO 2012 All rights reserved

23 Bibliography ISO 2012 All rights reserved v

24 Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Terminology and other language and content resources, Subcommittee SC 3, Systems to manage terminology, knowledge and content. vi ISO 2012 All rights reserved

25 Introduction Terminological data are collected, managed and stored in a wide variety of terminology management systems (TMSs). TMSs employ a variety of database management systems, ranging from personal computer applications for individual users to client server applications or Web-based applications operated by major companies and governmental agencies. Terminological data collections (TDCs) are based on various kinds of data models and consist of different sets of data categories (Data Category Selections, DCSs). To facilitate co-operation and to prevent duplication of work, it is important to develop standards and guidelines for creating and using TDCs as well as for sharing and exchanging data. ISO/TC 37 has published the following standards in order to facilitate the exchange of terminological data and to create an integrated approach to be used in analysing an existing TDC and in designing new ones: ISO 704, ISO 12620, ISO Having some acquaintance with these documents before reading this International Standard would be beneficial. This International Standard gives guidance on choosing the relevant data categories, as well as designing and implementing a data model and a user interface for a TMS, taking into account the intended user group. The guidelines described in this International Standard are indispensable for the successful development of a TMS and for avoiding costly errors. This International Standard may be used for choosing the appropriate TMS for a certain purpose. ISO 2012 All rights reserved vii