TUTORIAL 10: ARRAYS AND MATRICES. 1. Welcome. Hello. My name is Dr. Christopher Raridan (Dr. R). I want to welcome you to the L A TEX Tutorial Series.

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1 TUTORIAL 10: ARRAYS AND MATRICES CHRISTOPHER RARIDAN Abstract. Upon completion of this tutorial, the author should be able to construct arrays and matrices. 1. Welcome Hello. My name is Dr. Christopher Raridan (Dr. R). I want to welcome you to the L A TEX Tutorial Series. In this tutorial, we will introduce the array environment. By the end of this tutorial, the author should be able to create arrays and matrices. This is the tenth in a series of tutorials meant introduce you to L A TEX. Hopefully, Windows and Mac users will have a similar experience. 2. Getting Started (1) Navigate to the LaTeX Tutorials folder on your computer. (2) Inside this folder, create a new folder entitled Arrays and Matrices. (3) Open TeXworks. Part of Math 3006, Communication in Mathematics, Clayton State University. 1

2 2 C. RARIDAN (4) Click [File] > Save As... (5) Navigate to your Arrays and Matrices folder. (6) Inside that folder, name your file Arrays-Matrices.tex. (7) Click [Save] to save your file. 3. Arrays An array is a rectangular display of mathematical information, usually with parts or elements that line up in some way or another. Think of an array as a math table. (1) Type \documentclass[12pt]{amsart} and hit [Enter] twice. (2) Type \begin{document} and hit [Enter] twice. (3) Type \end{document}. (4) At the end of the \begin{document} command, hit [Enter] twice. (5) Type We need to solve the following system: and hit [Enter]. (6) Type \begin{align} and hit [Enter] twice. (7) Type \end{align}. (8) On the blank line between \begin{align} and \end{align}, type \begin{array}{rrrrr}, and hit [Enter] twice. (9) Type \end{array}.

3 TUTORIAL 10: ARRAYS AND MATRICES 3 (10) The {rrrrr} argument after \begin{array} tells L A TEX that you want an array with five columns, all right-justified. (11) You can use l and c for left-justification and centered, respectively. (12) In addition, you may mix-and-match the r, l, and c arguments as needed to tailor your array output. (13) On the blank line between \begin{array}{rrrrr} and \end{array}, type x_1 & + & 2x_2 & = & 5 \\, and hit [Enter]. (14) Type 3x_1 & - & 4x_2 & = & = -5. (15) An ampersand & is used within a row to separate the entries that will go into each column. (16) You will always need one less ampersand than the number of column alignment arguments. (17) Notice that there are spaces before and after each ampersand. (18) This is not necessary, but seems to help improve readability of the L A TEX code. (19) The double-backslash tells L A TEX that this is the end of a row and you want to start a new row. (20) [Ctrl]+[T] to typeset. (21) You should see a system of two equations in two unknowns, numbered collectively as (1). (22) Add a label to this system so that we can reference it by number.

4 4 C. RARIDAN (23) At the end of \begin{array}{rrrrr}, hit [Enter], and type \label{eq:system}. (24) To improve readability of the L A TEX code, it may be a good idea to add extra spacing within the rows of an array so that the ampersands align to clearly show the columns and/or justification of a column. (25) For example, add an extra space in front of the x_1 and in front of the 5 on the first line so that the ampersands line-up vertically and the array appears right-justified in the L A TEX code: \begin{array}{rrrrr} x_1 & + & 2x_2 & = & 5 \\ 3x_1 & - & 4x_2 & = & -5 \end{array} (26) [Ctrl]+[T] to typeset. (27) You may add as many columns as you want (and that will fit on a page), just make sure to include r, l, or c arguments after \begin{array} for each column and use the appropriate number of ampersands in each row to separate the columns. (28) You may also add as many rows as you want (and that will fit on a page), just make sure to include a double-backslash at the end of each row except the last. 4. Matrices Matrices are rectangular arrays of numerical information or mathematical expressions. They are essentially math tables with parentheses, brackets, or vertical bars around them.

5 TUTORIAL 10: ARRAYS AND MATRICES 5 (1) Place your cursor at the end of the line containing \end{align} and hit [Enter] twice. (2) Type The matrix that corresponds to system~\eqref{eq:system} is and hit [Enter]. (3) Type \[ and hit [Enter] twice. (4) Type \]. (5) On the blank line between the \[ and \] commands, type A = \left[ and hit [Enter] twice. (6) Type \right]. (7) This will place a big left and right bracket around our matrix. (8) Equivalently, you could also use A = \left( and \right) if you wanted big parentheses. (9) On the blank line between A = \left[ and \right], hit [Tab], type \begin{array}{rrr}, and hit [Enter] twice. (10) Hit [Tab] and type \end{array}. (11) On the blank line between \begin{array}{rrr} and \end{array}, hit [Tab] twice, type 1 & 2 & 5 \\, and hit [Enter]. (12) Hit [Tab] twice and type 3 & -4 & -5. (13) In this case, we are using [Tab] to make the L A TEX code more readable. (14) [Ctrl]+[T] to typeset.

6 6 C. RARIDAN (15) You should have a 2 3 matrix A whose entries come from the system you typed previously. (16) In the text preceding the matrix A, type the word augmented between The and matrix. (17) Place your cursor after the second r in rrr and type, a vertical slash/bar. (18) [Ctrl]+[T] to typeset. (19) You should have a vertically partitioned 2 3 matrix, with the partition occurring between columns 2 and 3. (20) You may horizontally partition a matrix by adding \hline after a double-backslash. (21) Use partitions only if you need them; for example, to focus your reader s attention or to indicate a natural division of the entries in a matrix. (22) You may find it helpful to align the ampersands and/or mimic the column justification in the L A TEX code for readability. Department of Mathematics, Clayton State University, Morrow, Georgia address: ChristopherRaridan@clayton.edu

TUTORIAL 5: LIST ENVIRONMENTS. 1. Welcome. (1) Hello. My name is Dr. Christopher Raridan (Dr. R).

TUTORIAL 5: LIST ENVIRONMENTS. 1. Welcome. (1) Hello. My name is Dr. Christopher Raridan (Dr. R). TUTORIAL 5: LIST ENVIRONMENTS CHRISTOPHER RARIDAN Abstract. Upon completion of this tutorial, the author should be able to create bullet lists and numbered lists using the itemize and enumerate environments,