Contacting Me. CS-460: Computer Graphics. Excellent Visual C++ Programming Reference. Course Materials

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1 CS-460: Computer Graphics Richard R. Eckert M,W,F 9:40-10:40 A.M. SL-210 Lecture 1-1/21/2004 Office: EB-N6 Contacting Me Office Hours: Tue. 10:00-11:30, Thur. 1:00-2:30 Office Phone: Department phone: My web page: See link to: CS-460/560 (Computer Graphics) Listserv: Activated during the first week of classes Course Materials Text book D. Hearn and M.P. Baker, "Computer Graphics with OpenGL, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall Online notes CS-460/560 link on my home page Lots of information available there Old EngiNet Classroom Lecture Tapes/CDs Will be on reserve in library PowerPoint slides in PDF format Will be online at course web site Excellent Visual C++ Programming Reference Ivor Horton, "Beginning Visual C++ 6 (A Complete Visual C++ Package)," Wrox Press, 1998, ISBN (For Windows VC++ MFC Programming) This package contains a CD ROM with the Microsoft Visual C++ Introductory Edition Integrated Development Environment and VC++ Compiler Software Microsoft Visual Studio Visual C++, Version 6.0 Also Visual Studio.NET In all Pods & Watson School Microlab Available to Watson School students (free) Through Microsoft Academic Alliance Go to: Micro.binghamton.edu/downloads.htm or msdn04.e-academy.com/binghamton_watson Search for product To download you will need a password You should have it or it will be sent to you Course Prerequisites Data Structures (CS -240) Basic Knowledge of Linear Algebra Matrix/Vector Manipulation C or C++ Programming Visual C++ Ideal But we will do a quick review Extensive notes/examples at CS-360 web pages Some Knowledge of Computer Organization e.g., CS-220 1

2 Course Evaluation 2 Term Exams (20% each) Programming Assignments (40%) Final Exam (20%) Course Schedule (by weeks) Introduction/Applications/History, Introduction to Windows Programming Computer Graphics Hardware and Software Graphics Output Primitives: lines, polygons, circles, curves, text Display Attributes and Area Fill Algorithms 2-Dimensional Geometric Transformations 2-D Windows, Viewports, and Clipping *** Term Examination # 1 *** Course Schedule (by weeks) Interactive 2-D Graphics: Input Devices, GUI Techniques Segmentation, Hierarchical Modeling; PHIGS, OpenGL Curved lines and surfaces, parametric equations, Bezier and B-spline curves Animation, Sprites, Game Development, DirectX 3-D Graphics: Modeling & Transformations 3-D Graphics: Viewing and Projections Course Schedule (by weeks) Hidden Surface Removal *** Term Examination # 2 *** Illumination, Reflection, Shading, Texturing, Ray Tracing, Radiosity Fractals, Iterated Function Systems, L- Systems, Particle Systems, Escape-time algorithms, Chaos Class 1 Introduction to Computer Graphics Computer Graphics Using a computer to generate visual images Definition of Computer Graphics: Creation, storage, manipulation, and display of models of scenes using the computer Interactive Computer Graphics: User dynamically controls displayed image attributes by means of interactive input devices 2

3 Motivation Human visual channel highly developed Efficient for communicating complex ideas Related Field: Image Processing Image enhancement/understanding Reconstruction of objects from images Computer Graphics--Synthesis of images Image Processing--Analysis of images Image Processing subfields: image enhancement Image understanding computer vision pattern recognition (A.I. important) Computer Graphics & Image Processing Two Phases of Computer Graphics Modeling Representing objects/scenes mathematically Rendering Producing an image from a model Features of Computer Graphics Models Output primitives: building blocks Data structures: how primitives relate to each other Levels of Complexity of CG 2-D line Drawings: Primitives 2-D colored images: Area fill 3-D line drawings: 3-D to 2-D projection 3-D colored images: Hidden surface removal, color, shading 3-D photorealistic images: materials properties, lighting, reflection, transparency, shadows (physics), complex object models Animation at all levels: Movement 3

4 2-D Line Drawing 2-D Colored Image 3-D Line Drawing 3-D Line Drawing (some hidden surfaces removed) 3-D Colored Image (flat shaded) 3-D Colored Image (smooth shaded) 4

5 3-D Photorealistic Image (ray traced image with texture mapping) 3-D Photorealistic Image (fractal mountains, L-system plants) An Animation of a 3D Scene Frames generated by ray tracing A VIDEO SHOWING SOME COMPUTER GRAPHICS APPLICATIONS Computer Animation Magic Some Applications of CG Data Presentation (statistics, business, scientific, demographics...) CAD, CAM, CIM Painting/Drawing systems TV Commercials Entertainment Video Games Cartography Computer Art More CG Applications Motion Picture Industry (animation, special effects, etc.) Desktop Publishing Architectural Design Simulation of Reality Flight simulators Ground vehicle simulators Arcade games Virtual reality devices 5

6 More CG Applications Scientific Simulation/Visualization Use graphics to make sense of vast amounts of scientific data Use when too dangerous/expensive to do real experiments Hypermedia Integrate broadcasting, computing, publishing Education Process Control CASE More CG Applications Image Processing/Enhancement Medicine Computed Tomography (CT Scan) X-ray, ultrasound, NMR, PET: All can give 3-D images of human anatomy GUIs World Wide Web Development New Stuff--can't even be imagined Computer Graphics-- A huge, fast-moving, exciting field that integrates the best of art and science Needs new Renaissance men & women Bright and analytic enough to understand the science & math Sensitive and creative enough to do the art Both left and right sides of the brain required! Brief History of Computer Graphics Early 50s--MIT Whirlwind Computer First computer-driven CRT & keyboard input Middle 50s--SAGE Air Defense System Selection of targets with light pen First interactive graphics Early 60s--Ivan Sutherland s PhD thesis Sketchpad: a Man/Machine Graphical Comm. System Proposed first model for interactive graphics Identified basic data structures Discovered important algorithms History of CG (continued) Middle 60s--GM's Digigraphic Design System Beginning of CAD Costly hardware Hard-to-write programs Non-portable software Late 60s--Tektronix Direct View Storage Tube First inexpensive graphics display device History of CG (continued) Early 70s -- First microprocessors first microcomputers inexpensive primitive graphics capability Late 70s -- First graphics software standard (CORE -- ACM SIGGRAPH, 1977) first attempt at portable graphics software 6

7 History of CG (continued) 1980s Micros with extensive graphics capabilities Introduction of first Work Stations (graphics engines) Graphics standards with increased capabilities GKS (1984), GKS-3D (1988), PHIGS (1988) Microcomputer GUIs (Macintosh, Windows, X Windows) History of CG (continued) 1990s s Graphics engines many algorithms implemented in hardware Fast, powerful, cheap Multimedia systems Windows-95/98/NT/2000/XP X Windows with PEX GL, OpenGL industry standard graphics libraries Microsoft Direct-X Web-based graphics Microsoft Visual Studio.NET: An Integrated Windows Program Development Environment Using Microsoft Visual Studio.NET Self-contained environment for Windows program development: creating compiling linking testing/debugging IDE that accompanies Visual C++, Visual Basic, Visual C#, and other Microsoft Windows programming languages Visual Studio Capabilities Generate starter applications without writing code View a programming project in many different ways Edit source and include files Build the application s user interface visually Compile and link Debug an application while it runs Obtain online help Lots of others Some Visual Studio Components The Editors C/C++, C#, VB source program text editors cut/paste, color cues, indentation, generates text files Resource Editors icons, bitmaps, cursors, menus, dialog boxes, etc. graphical, WYSIWYG, Integrated generates resource script (.rc) files integrated with text editor Done visually 7

8 VC++ Unmanaged Code Compilers C/C++ Compiler translates source programs to machine language detects and reports errors generates object (.obj) files for linker Resource Compiler Reads.rc file Generates binary resource (.res) file for linker The Linker Reads compiler.obj/.res files Accesses C/C++/Windows libraries Generates executable (.exe or.dll) The Debugger powerful source code debugger integrated with all parts of Visual Studio Features breakpoints tracing through/over functions variable watch windows much more The Wizards AppWizard Windows code generator for MFC apps automatically creates working program templates & skeleton code ClassWizard facilitates easy extension of AppWizard-generated classes creation of new classes and response functions used to tailor AppWizard-generated MFC &.NET skeletons Replaced by Properties Window in.net Help Can be accessed by: Start Page Search Online To access the MSDN Online Library Help Menu Item Dynamic Help context sensitive pin it up as a fly-out Search Index 8

9 Win32 API Online Help Help Contents Filtered by: (no filter) MSDN Library Windows Development Win32 API SDK Documentation Reference Functions by category Functions in alphabetical order MFC Online Help Help Contents Filtered by: (Visual C++) Visual Studio.NET Visual C++ Visual C++ Reference Visual C++ Libraries MFC Reference Hierarchy Chart MFC Classes Class Library Overview MFC Classes (!!) etc. MSDN Library (on Web) Go to: Search MSDN for desired topic Good URL for MFC: Using Visual Studio.NET To prepare many kinds of applications Win32 Console Applications (DOS programs) Win32 API Apps MFC apps DLLs Managed C++ Apps ATL Projects Web Services Others Menu bar Visual Studio Layout Several tool bars View Windows (to the side) Solution Explorer Class View Resource View Properties Window Working Area (main window) Text Editor to enter/modify source code Resource Editors Output Window & Status Bar (bottom). System messages (errors) Windows can be moved around, docked and undocked 9

10 Toolbars Contain icons--instant routes to main menu functions Many of them May not be visible If not, right click on any visible toolbar Brings up following popup window Can activate a toolbar by clicking on its check box Solutions and Projects Solution A single application Can contain one or more projects In Managed applications, can be in different languages Overall solution information stored in a.sln file Open this when you want to work on a solution Project Collection of files: Source, headers, resources, settings, configuration information.sln.vcproj.c or.cpp.h.rc.res.ico.bmp.exe.dll Important Visual Studio Generated Files Solution Project C/C++ source C/C++ header Resource script Compiled resource Icon Bitmap image Executable program Dynamic Link Library (if used) Many are very big and can (should) be removed!.obj Compiler machine code translation.ilk Incremental link file.pch.pdb.idb.ncb.aps others Temporary Visual Studio generated files Precompiled header (huge!!!) Precompiled debugging info Incremental debug info Supports viewing classes Supports viewing resources Program Configurations Debug appends debugging information produces more and larger files Release no debugging information optimized for size & efficiency 10

11 Setting the Configuration Click "Build" on Main Menu Choose "Configuration Manager Choose desired configuration ( Debug or Release ) in Active Configuration Box Default is Debug Create a Win32 Application with Visual Studio Startup click Start on Task Bar All Programs Microsoft Visual Studio.NET Microsoft Visual Studio.NET Creating a new solution File New Project from menu bar In New Project box, select Visual C++ Project from Project Types: & click on Win32 Project in Templates Set the Location to a convenient directory & name the project (e.g. win32app1) OK Click Application Settings in resulting Application Wizard Box Choose Windows Application from Application Type radio buttons Select An Empty Project Click Finish Click OK in New Project Information window Inserting source files into project: Open a new C++ file & type or copy/paste the code into the program: File New File from menu Choose Visual C++ from Categories, C++ file (.cpp) from Templates, & click Open Type or paste source code in the resulting Edit window Save the file as a C++ source file, giving it an appropriate name (e.g., Win32App1) Add the source file to the project: Right click in the Edit window Click on Move Win32App1.cpp into Project in the resulting popup window Confirm that it was added to the project by expanding Source Files in the Solution Explorer Window If Solution Explorer is not visible, select View Solution Explorer from the menu Alternative Way of Adding a Source File to a Project: Copy the file into the project s directory Or use the Visual Studio Editor to type in the code & save it as a C++ source file (.cpp) Choose Project Add Existing Item from the menu Select the.cpp file & click Open Building the Solution: Build Build Solution from menu Shortcut key: F7 Project will be compiled/linked Messages/errors will appear in Output Window Running the Program: Debug Start from menu Shortcut key: F5 Or Debug Start Without Debugging from menu Shortcut key: Ctrl-F5 or click exclamation point 11

12 Cleanup: Copy solution, project, source, header, resource files to disk Copy.exe file from project's Debug directory Best: Delete all temporary files & copy entire solution (project directory) to floppy Delete project directory from hard drive Exiting Developer Studio: File Exit from menu 12