T Shaped Fractal Geomerty Based Micro Strip Patch Antenna

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1 ISSN T Shaped Fractal Geomerty Based Micro Strip Patch Atea #1 Dr. Swapil Lahudkar, #2 Satosh Sigh, #3 Akit Yadav, #4 Pooja Kad 2 sk.sigh260@gmail.com #1 Prof. Departmet of Electroics ad Telecommuicatio #234 Departmet of Electroics ad Telecommuicatio JSPM s Imperial College of Egieerig & Research, Wagholi. ABSTRACT Sice the evolutio of the patch ateas, there is rapid growth observed i the applicatios of the patch atea. There are umber of advatages such as small size, ease of fabricatio ad istallmet, ad a stable performace, so there are huge umber of desigs has bee developed ad preseted by the researchers time to time. Takig a example of the mobile phoe ateas, the atea must have a small size ad must be capable to resoate at multiple frequecy bads. Reviewig about the various requiremets of the atea desig for the wireless applicatios a ovel multiple bad fractal patch atea has bee desiged. I this paper, a T-shaped patch atea has bee desiged ad discussed ad fractal geometry has bee applied to it i order to obtai self-similar characteristics. The dimesios of the Square Patch has bee take as 36 x 36 mm. Dimesio of groud has bee take as bee take as 50 x 50 mm. The substrate material used for atea desig is FR-4 havig dielectric costat 4.4. Atea resoates at four operatig bads 3.89 GHz, 4.49 GHz,ad 6.1 GHz. This atea has retur loss of db, -9.74dB, ad db. Further this atea has impressive gai of 6.4 dbi, 3.42 dbi ad 2.48dBi at correspodig frequecies. This atea ca be useful for Wi-Max, 4G etwork, WLAN, Satellite & RADAR commuicatio applicatios. ARTICLE INFO Article History Received :16 th March 2016 Received i revised form : 18 th March 2016 Accepted : 20 th March 2016 Published olie : 23 rd March 2016 Keywords : Wireless applicatios, WLAN, Fractal Micro strip Patch Atea I. INTRODUCTION Atea is oe of the largest compoets of the low profile wireless commuicatio. I order to trasmit ad receive atea iformatio, modulatio is doe i which career wave is superimposed over modulatig sigal. At the required destiatio, the modulated sigal was the received ad the origial iformatio sigal ca be recovered by demodulatio. Over the years, techiques have bee developed for this process usig electromagetic carrier waves operatig at radio frequecies as well as microwave frequecies. I the curret sceario small, compatible ad affordable microstrip patch ateas are developed i wireless commuicatio idustries keep o improvig atea performace. A patch atea is a arrowbad atea with large beam width. It is fabricated by etchig the atea elemet patter i metal trace which is boded to a isulatig dielectric substrate such as a prited circuit board with a cotiuous metal layer boded to the opposite side of the substrate kow as a groud plae. Fractal geometry is used to reduce the size of patch atea. Fractal geometries are differet from Euclidea geometries which have two commo properties: space-fillig ad selfsimilarity. It is foud that by applyig fractal geometry, selfrepeatig structures are obtaied. Fractal geometries that are used i this dissertatio are Koch curve, Mikowski fractal geometry ad may other self-similar shapes. By applyig fractal geometry o patch, area of patch decreases, resoat legth icreases ad umber of frequecy bads of atea icreases. Microstrip atea fids applicatios from 1 GHz to 12 GHz. Hece microstrip atea ca be desiged for L bad, S bad, C bad ad X bad applicatios. 2015, IERJ All Rights Reserved Page 1

2 II. LITERATURE SURVEY a) Nagpal et al. proposed E-shaped fractal microstrip patch atea with defected groud structure for wireless applicatios. Differet s of fractal geometry caused self-similar E shape structures. For obtaiig good badwidth, Differet DGS cofiguratios had bee applied. This atea was desiged usig FR-4 as substrate ad operated at 3.7GHz, 6.7 GHz, 7.9 GHz ad 8.7 GHz with badwidth of 120 MHz, 500 MHz, 225 MHz ad 315 MHz. This atea foud its applicatio for Wi-Max, C Bad ad X bad applicatios. This atea is havig small dimesios of 20X25 mm2. Results have bee compared first makig E-shaped patch which modified to form wag shape followed by fractal atea. b) Khidre et al. preseted U slot microstrip atea for higher mode applicatios. This atea resoated i a bad from 5.17 GHz to 5.81 GHz hece useful for umber of applicatios. This atea was havig dual radiatio beams with both beams were directed at cetre frequecy. This atea was havig a gai of 7.92 dbi. This atea foud its applicatios for differet wireless applicatios. This atea exhibit impedace badwidth of 11 % at VSWR less tha two. This atea was havig dimesios of 64X 74 mm2. Substrate was havig a dielectric costat of 2.2 ad thickess of 3.1 mm. Desig ad simulatio had bee carried out usig HFSS. c) Gupta et al. desiged multiple bad microstrip patch atea. This atea had bee useful for c bad ad x bad applicatios. This microstrip atea was havig a patch with differet slots so as to have good atea characteristics. These slots were four U slots, two small ad two large ad oe I shaped slots. This atea was havig compact size of 25 X 23 mm2. Feed to this atea is give by coaxial feedig techique ad feed poit is chose properly. Desig ad simulatio had bee carried out usig HFSS simulatio software. This atea was havig badwidth of 140 MHz from 5.85 GHz to 6 GHz ad 1.21 GHz from 7.87 to 9 GHz. This atea ca be used for WLAN, C bad ad X bad applicatios. d) Jaai.A et al. desiged E-shaped fractal patch atea for multibad applicatios. For obtaiig multiple bads, fractal geometry had bee used. First of all, etire legth was divided to form E shape patch by cuttig two slots. O each sectio, fractal geometry was applied so as to make fractal atea.. The proposed atea had dimesios of 150 mm by 130 mm usig two FR-4 havig thickess of h=0.8 mm ad h= 1.6 mm ad a air gap havig thickess h= 4 mm betwee two FR-4 as substrate. The desig ad simulatio had bee carried out usig HFSS simulatio software. The mai parameters at operatig bads such as retur loss, impedace, gai had bee studied. This atea foud its applicatio for differet applicatios for mobile commuicatio. was havig width of 4.8 mm ad legth of 1.9mm. This atea was havig large badwidth of 30 GHz from oe to 30 GHz at VSWR less tha two. This atea had bee used for ultra widebad ad short widebad applicatios. This atea had widebad characteristics because of presece of otch with dimesios of 4.8 X1.9 mm2. f) Ghorpade et al. made a compariso betwee E-shape atea ad E-shaped fractal microstrip patch atea. From this aalysis it was foud that fractal atea gave multibad characteristics. This atea had large size of order of 150X130 mm2. The desig ad simulatio has bee carried out usig a software HFSS. Characteristics of atea were compared i terms of VSWR, retur loss, gai ad badwidth. Because of fractal geometry, E-shaped fractal atea resoated at 1.93 GHz, 2.4 GHz, ad 3.52 GHz to cover GSM frequecy bads, UMTS, Bluetooth ad Wi-Max applicatios. By icreasig umber of s beyod limit, results bega to degrade. G)Kumar Raj et al. proposed a ultra-widebad iscribed triagle circular fractal atea. This atea had a circular patch with dimesios of 30 mm. I order to desig such atea, substrate used was FR-4. This atea had ultra widebad characteristics from 2.25 GHz to 15 GHz at VSWR less tha two. The atea was fed by coplaar waveguide. By applyig fractal geometry CPW, widebad characteristics were obtaied. The results of simulated atea were compared with that of tested atea ad both offered same characteristics. Because of such a large badwidth, these ateas were useful for UWB applicatios. IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM The term fractal is defied as recursively geerated object. Fractal geometry ca be available easily i ature but by usig recursive ature of fractals, may ateas ad resoators ca be desiged. A fractal is a chuk geometric shape that may be subdivided i parts; each is a reduced size copy of the whole. By icreasig umber of fractal, perimeter of patch icreases ad effective area of atea decreases. The fractal is quite extesive with may applicatios from ature modelig, statistical aalyses, ad computer graphics. Fractal geometries are differet from Euclidea geometries which have two commo properties: space-fillig ad self-similarity. Whe differet s of fractal geometries are applied o atea or resoators, as the result self-similar structures with scale factor are obtaied. Certai fractal may be costructed usig iterative procedure of fractal geometry usig Iterative Fuctio System (IFS) Procedure. IFS procedure is applied to a iitial structure called as geerator which repeats itself may times at differet scales. Fractal ateas have the advatages such as small size, lightweight, ad suitable to itegrate with devices. e) Waladi et al. desiged fractal microstrip patch atea usig star triagular shape. Fractal geometry had bee applied o triagle to obtai star shape atea. This atea was fed by microstrip feedig techique which 2015, IERJ All Rights Reserved Page 2

3 ANTENNA DESIGN Desig of Fractal Micro strip Patch Atea: Desig of T-shaped fractal micro strip patch atea has bee obtaied by applyig fractal geometry. Variable Dimesio of square patch Dimesio of square groud Value 36mm 50mm Fig- 3: Secod Iteratio Substrate used Feedig Techique Fractal geometry algorithm FR-4 Coaxial Feed Mikowski Geometry Dimesio of first 12*18 Dimesio of secod 4*9 Table-1: Dimesios of atea. First of all, square of 36 mm is divided ito half, ad 36 mm is divided ito 3 parts. Hece two a rectagle of 18 mm i legth ad 12 mm i width are removed to form T-shaped patch as show i Figure 2. Now four rectagles of dimesio 12 X 18 mm are formed hece x axis is divided ito three parts ad y ito two ad two rectagles of dimesio 4 by 9 mm are removed from rectagle to form self similar structure as show i Figure 3. Geometry as show i Figure 1, 2, ad 3 is self similar structures geometry. Beyod a certai level of, it is difficult to fabricate atea as cuts become small which cause difficult for atea to make practically. V. RESULTS & DISCUSSION T-Shaped Fractal Patch Atea: I this sectio, simulatio results of differet s of fractal geometry are compared. T shape fractal atea is made by cuttig slots as show i Figure 1, 2, ad 3. These cause self-similar T-shaped structure. Retur loss vs. frequecy for various of T-shaped fractal geometry are show i Figure 4, 5, 6 Fig-1: Basic Square Geometry Figure 4 : Retur loss of 0 th Fig-2: First Iteratio 2015, IERJ All Rights Reserved Page 3

4 Figure 5: Retur loss of 1 st Figure 7: Gai of T- shaped FMPA at 3.9 GHz Figure 6: Retur loss of 2 d From Figure 4, 5, 6 it is foud that characteristics of atea icreases as umber of s icreases, iitially square atea resoates at 3.89 GHz, 4.4 GHz ad 5.7 GHz ad 7.2 with retur loss of db, db, db ad db. sice characteristics of atea at zeroth are ot good so fractal geometry has bee applied to improve characteristics. Two slots are cut as show i Figure 2. This atea resoates at 3.9 GHz, 5.4 GHz ad 7.5GHz with retur loss of -15.2dB,-9dB, ad db respectively. As results obtaied are good but resoat frequecy bads are havig more retur loss hece secod of fractal geometry is applied. Whe secod of fractal geometry is applied as show i figure 3, atea resoates at 3.9 GHz, 4.5 GHz,ad 6.1 GHz with retur loss of db, -9.7 db ad -21 db respectively. Whe first of fractal geometry has bee applied, effective legth of patch icreases which result better atea characteristics. Figure 8: Gai of T- shaped FMPA at 4.49 GH Figure 9: Gai of T- shaped FMPA at 6.1 GHz 2015, IERJ All Rights Reserved Page 4

5 No.of 0 th 1 st 2 d Resoat Frequecy (GHz) Retur Loss (db) Table - 2: Compariso Results of Differet Iteratios of T shaped FMPA. V. CONCLUSION Multibad T-shaped fractal atea is obtaied by applyig fractal geometry.iitially a rectagular patch is take ad fractal geometry is applied. Two s of fractal geometry are applied to form T-shaped fractal atea. This atea gives multibad characteristics. There are differet cofiguratios of chagig feed poits, chagig dielectric substrate which ca be applied. I order to aalyze characteristics, atea cofiguratios are observed by usig differet feedig cofiguratios, it is also observed that oe of best compariso is made by usig microstrip lie ad comparig result by use of coaxial feed Desig ad simulatios are carried out usig HFSS. From results it is foud that parametric aalysis had bee carried out i terms of substrate thickess, feed poit ad umber of s. REFERENCE Gai (dbi) [1] Nagpal A., Sigh S. ad Marwaha A., Multibad E-Shaped Fractal Microstrip Patch Atea with DGS for Wireless Applicatios, Proceedigs of 5th IEEE Iteratioal Coferece o Computatioal Itelligece ad Commuicatio Networks, Mathura, Idia, pp [2] Khidre, Lee, Elsherbei Z., ad Fa Yag, Wide Bad Dual-Beam U-Slot Microstrip Atea, IEEE Trasactios o Ateasad Propagatio, Vol. 61, No. 3, pp [3] Gupta, Sigh S. ad Marwaha A., Dual Bad U-Slotted Microstrip Patch Atea for C bad ad X bad Radar, Proceedigs of 5th IEEE Iteratioal Coferece o Computatioal Itelligece ad Commuicatio Networks, Idia, pp [4] Jaai A., Priya A., Desig of E-Shape Fractal Simple Multibad Patch Atea for S-Bad LTE ad Various Mobile Stadards, Iteratioal Joural Of Egieerig Ad Sciece Vol.3, Issue 1, pp [5] Waladi V., Mohammadi N., Zehforoosh Y., Habashi A. ad Nouriia J., A Novel Modified Star Triagular Fractal (MSTF) Moopole Atea for Super Widebad Applicatios, IEEE Letters o Ateas ad Wireless Propagatio, Vol. 12, pp [6] Ghorpade, Babare ad Deshmukh, Compariso Of E-Shape Microstrip Atea Ad E-Shape Fractal Atea, Iteratioal Joural of Egieerig Research & Techology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 4, pp [7] Kumar Raj ad Nikam B A modified groud apolloia ultra widebad fractal atea ad its backscatterig, Iteratioal Joural of Electroics ad Commuicatios (AEÜ),VOL 66, pp [8] OraiziHomayoo, HedayatiShahram, Miiaturizatio of Microstrip Ateas by the Novel Applicatio of the Giuseppe Peao Fractal Geometrices, IEEE Trasactios o Ateas ad Propagatio, Vol.60, No.8, pp [9] Behera ad Vioy, Multi-Port Network Approach for the Aalysis of Dual Bad Fractal Microstrip Ateas, IEEE Trasactios o Ateas ad Propagatios, Vol. 60, No. 11, pp [10] Chauha S., DeegwalJitedra K., Soi D. ad Sigodia P., A Desig of Crow Shape Fractal Patch Atea, Iteratioal Joural of Egieerig ad Iovative Techology, Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp [11] Babu J., Ramakrisha ad Reddy P., 2012, A symmetric multi-slot patch Atea with Improved Badwidth ad isolatio for wireless MIMO systems, Iteratioal coferece o commuicatio techology ad system desig, pp [12] Arya A. K. ad Pataik A. ad Kartikeya M.V., Microstrip Patch Atea with Skew-F Shaped DGS for Dual Bad Operatio, Progress i Electromagetic Research M., Vol. 19, pp [13] Bayatmaku.N, LotfiP,Azarmaesh.M,adSoltai, Desig of Simple Multibad Patch Atea For Mobile Commuicatio Applicatios Usig New E-Shape Fractal, IEEE Ateas ad Wireless Propagatio Letters, VOL. 10, pp [14] Moraes L. Bastos ad Barbi S. E., A Compariso betweemikowski ad Koch Fractal Patch Ateas, Proceedigs of IEEE Iteratioal Microwave ad Optoelectroics Coferece, Natal, Brazil, pp , IERJ All Rights Reserved Page 5