Scalable Protocol Design. Supporting Millions of Simultaneously-connected Devices

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Cornelius Green
5 years ago
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1 Scalable Protocol Design Supporting Millions of Simultaneously-connected Devices

2 OpenDOF Project Background 2 Open-source project, royalty-free Founded by Panasonic in 2015 A complete IoT framework over 10 years in the making Implementations in Java, C#, and C/C++ Full, open protocol specifications

3 IoT Platform Requirements 3 More information about these five principles can be found at http: //opendof.org. Secure Interoperable Flexible Scalable Reliable

4 What is an IoT Protocol? 4 Defined by actors involved usually small machines Used to mean small binary protocols Required by transports and machine capabilities The web introduced new actors people Protocols moved toward human-readable Are web protocols appropriate for machines?

5 People or Machines? 5 When people are the audience, people will pay Indirect payment attached to advertising Monthly fees for services that they directly use Machines are a more difficult problem Machines do not have eyes, so no advertising It is more difficult to get people to pay for services that they use indirectly through their machines

6 Areas of Focus 6 Device Communications Security Object Model State Implementation How low can you go? What do you require? Small, fast, yet secure? Defined, yet flexible? How much? How inexpensive?

7 Designing for Lost-Cost Scale Devices 7 Low-cost devices place restrictions on protocols Transports are often low-power, limited, or costly Entropy is limited, as is the ability for (fast) math Small devices like binary protocols with easy parsing Always consider the edge cases 100Kb of whitespace Fields in the exact wrong order

8 Designing for Low-Cost Scale Communications 8 Transports flexibility is key You may not always have TCP/IP (or guaranteed in-order) You may not be one hop from the cloud Bandwidth consider effects of wireless Favorable pricing when total consumption under low limits Every additional round-trip can be costly (time and money)

9 Designing for Low-Cost Scale Security 9 Simplify your security model Balance permission granularity with overhead Consolidate and pre-authorize when possible Combine authentication and authorization OpenDOF security model allows this Techniques can be applied to other protocols Lightbulbs will not have Facebook accounts

10 Designing for Low-Cost Scale Object Model 10 Simplify your object model Uniform identifiers Don t make changes after release keep functionality lookup simple Unify your object model and security model Reduce ambiguity, increase security Consider lookup keys Each stateful variable should have an associated unique key

11 Designing for Low-Cost Scale State 11 State is expensive at scale Persistent storage or persistent connections Stateless is expensive at scale Repetition in requests, each request stand-alone Some features are worth the state

12 Stateful Examples from OpenDOF 12 Discovery Rather than centralize registration, search when needed Requests may flood through the network and maintain state When a new object exists, it can immediately propagate Failover Allow operations to fail-over from one connection to another Requires global identification and security constructs

13 Implementing For Low-Cost Scale 13 Linear Scale Every component must scale linearly This requires testing at scale Separation of Concerns Handle as much as possible at the endpoint, forward the rest to a queue for workers

14 Scalable Design Pattern Example 14

15 Demonstration 15 Different implementations: C, Java, C# Complex topology: Client <-> Cloud <-> GW <-> Device Security bridging Packet capture in Wireshark

16 How You Can Participate User 16 Visit the site Download an SDK Go through the tutorials Participate on the forums No license required, full patent pledge

17 How You Can Participate Contributor 17 Visit Get an account Submit a contribution agreement Pick a project and help out

18 Thank You Questions Welcome

UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI

UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI DIEE - Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Infrastrutture ed Applicazioni Avanzate nell Internet SDN: Control Plane ACK: content taken from Foundations of Modern