Introduction to 3G 1

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1 Introduction to 3G 1

2 References [1] Carrier Grade Voice over IP, D. Collins, McGraw-Hill, Second Edition, [2] 3GPP TS [3] 3GPP TS [4] 3GPP TS

3 Outline Mobile Technology Evolution GPRS Overview 3GPP UMTS System (Release 99) Introduction to VoIP Technologies H.323 SIP MGCP/MEGACO SIGTRAN Softswitch 3GPP All IP Network 3

4 Mobile Technology Evolution 1G Analog System AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) : 090 2G Digital System GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) 900MHz and 1.8GHz (DCS1800) TDMA and FDMA Technologies 9.6K bps Data Rate (Shore Message Service; SMS) 160 Countries, 55%, 5 CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) IS-95: Data Rate 14.4K bps (cdmaone) IS-95B: Data Rate 64 Kbps Qualcom, 7,500 D-AMPS IS-136 4

5 2.5G GSM System High Speed Circuit Switch Data (HSCSD) Up to Kbps General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Up to Kbps Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) up to 384 Kbps (Also considered as 3G technology) D-AMPS EDGE cdma System cdma 1x Up to 144 Kbps Korea 5

6 GPRS System Packet Switching Technology Based on GSM Cellular Network High Data Speed 21.4 Kbps per Time Slot (channel) Up to 8 Time Slots Physical Channel for Data Transmission Assigned on Demand Can Be Shared with Other Users GSM Visited MSC/VLR Gateway MSC/VLR PSTN BSS HLR PCU Gb SGSN Gn GGSN Gi External Data Network GPRS 6

7 SGSN and GGSN SGSN HLR GGSN IP based Network Serving GPRS Support Node. Mobility Management (Location Update, Paging etc.). Access Control & Security (Authentication, Ciphering). BSS Queue Management. GSM Circuit-Switched Interactions. Operation Data, such as Billing Info. Gateway GPRS Support Node. Interworking between PDN and GPRS PLMN. Packet Screening. Routing Tables about Attached GPRS Subscribers. Address Mapping. PDU Tunneling. Operation Data, such as Billing Info. 7

8 GPRS MM/SM Mobility Management Attach Detach Security Routing Area Update Session Management PDP Context Activation PDP Context Deactivation PDP Context Modification 8

9 3G IMT-2000 Year 2000 Ready Operate at 2000 MHz Provide 2000K bps Data Rate 3G Data Rate Vehicular Kbps Pedestrian Kbps Indoor --- 2Mbps Three Important 3G Technologies Standards W-CDMA (Wideband CDMA) ( ) GSM/GPRS/EDGE W-CDMA cdma2000 ( ) TD-SCDMA (Time Division Synchronize CDMA) ( ) 9

10 From 2G to 3G From Voice Service to Rich, Interactive Multimedia-based Personal Communication Service Permanent Network Connection with High Data Rate 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps Mobile Aaccess to High-quality Video, Audio, Graphics and Multimedia as Fixed Internet Massive Increase in Network Capacity To Support Billions of Subscribers Global Roaming To Use Single Terminal to Access Identical Services All Around the World 10

11 3GPP UMTS System Uu Iu USIM Cu ME UE Node B RNC Node B Iub Iur Node B RNC Node B UTRAN Iu-CS Iu-CS Iu-PS 3G MSC/VLR Gs Gr GMSC HLR Gc GGSN Iu-PS 3G SGSN Gn Gi D D Core Network PLMN, PSTN, ISDN,... Internet External Networks System Architecture of 3GPP Release 99 11

12 VoIP Protocols H.323 SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol) MEGACO (Media Gateway Control Protocol) SIGTRAN (Signaling Transport) Softswitch 12

13 What is H.323 The H.323 standard provides audio, video and data communications across IP-based networks. H.323 is an umbrella recommendation from ITU, which was approved in

14 PictureTel PictureTel Terminal A RAS Channel 1. ARQ (alias address/bandwidth) 2. ACF (call signaling channel address/bandwidth) Gatekeeper 6. ACF 3. Setup Q.931 Call Signaling Channel 4. Call Proceeding 7. Alerting 8. Connect (H.245 Address) 5. ARQ H.245 Control Channel OpenLogicalChannel OpenLogicChannelACK Capability Exchange Terminal B Logical Channel (RTP Stream) 14

15 What is SIP Developed in IETF Proposed standard RFC 2543, February 1999 Current standard: RFC 3261 Main functions Invite users to sessions Find the user s current location, match with their capabilities and preferences Modification of sessions Termination of sessions Text-based Encoding 15

16 SIP Architecture SIP Request SIP Response Media Stream Redirect Server Location Server Proxy Server Proxy Server Proxy Server User Agent Client (Calling Party) User Agent Server (Called Party) 16

17 Invitation for SIP Proxy Server location server itri.org.tw csie.nctu.edu.tw (1) INVITE (2) honda (3) (4) INVITE AUDI BMW (6) 200 OK (7) ACK RTP Stream BENZ (5) 200 OK (5) (8) ACK 17

18 Invitation for SIP Redirect Server itri.org.tw location server csie.nctu.edu.tw INVITE (2) honda (3) BMW (4) 302 Moved temporarily Contact: (5) ACK (6) INVITE (7) 200 OK (8) ACK RTP Stream AUDI BENS 18

19 The Telephone Network [1/2] SS7 Signaling ISUP Messages INAP/TCAP Messages Signal Transfer Point Service Control Point + Service Data Point Control Layer Intelligent Peripheral Transport Layer Class 4 Tandem Switch Class 5 End Office Switch Reference: CCL/ITRI Circuit Switched Network 19

20 The Telephone Network [2/2] 5 Basic Components in Intelligent Networks SSP/Service Switching Point switching, signaling, routing, service invocation STP/Service Transfer Point signaling, routing SCP/Service Control Point service logic execution SDP/Service Data Point subscriber data storage, access IP/Intelligent Peripheral resources such as customized voice announcement, voice recognition, DTMF digit collection 20

21 Introduction to MGCP/MEGACO A protocol for controlling media gateways Two components Media gateway provides conversion between audio signals on telephone circuits and data packets carried over IP networks. Call agent (Media gateway controller) handles the call setup and release for media channels in a media gateway. Types of media gateway Trunking gateway to CO/switches Residential gateway to PSTN phones 21

22 MGCP/MEGACO-based Architecture SS7 Network Internet PSTN SCP STP Signaling (SS7) Gateway SIGTRAN Call Agent MGCP/MEGACO CO Switch MGCP/MEGACO Trunking Gateway Trunking Gateway Trunking RTP Gateway Residential Gateway Residential Gateway Residential Gateway 22

23 SIGTRAN IETF SIGTRAN (Signaling Transport) - for SS7 over IP SS7 Protocol Stack OSI Layers SIGTRAN Protocol Stack INAP MAP Application INAP MAP TCAP ISUP Presentation Session TCAP ISUP SCCP Transport SCCP MTP Network Data Link Physical SCN Signaling Adaptation (SSA) Common Signaling Transport (CST) IP 23

24 Softswitch Overview [1/2] Softswitch: Emulating Circuit Switching in Software PSTN Local Switch STP SS7 IN/SC PSTN Local Switch Trunk Gatewa S SIGTRA MGC IP Network RTP SIP- MGC MEGAC S Trunk Gatewa 9000 Personalized Service System IP Reference: CCL/ITRI Application 24

25 Softswitch Overview [2/2] Softswitch Provides Open Layered Architecture Circuit-Switched Soft-Switched P R O P R I E T A R Y Services & Applications Call Control & Switching Transport Hardware Services, Applications & Features (Management, Provisioning and Back Office) Open Protocols APIs Softswitch Call Control Open Protocols APIs Transport Hardware Open APIs for 3rd Party App develop. Scalable, Open Interfaces for Comm. Best-in-class Access Devices. Solutions in a proprietary box Expensive Little room for innovation Solutions are open standards-based Customers choose best-in-class products Open standards enable lower cost for innovation 25

26 Softswitch Architecture SCP SCP SS7 TCAP App. Server SIP-? IP STP STP Signaling Layer Transport Layer ISUP/TCAP Signaling (SS7) Gateway SIGTRAN Media Gateway Controller SIP-TSI SIP-T Media Gateway Controller Media Server CO Switch CO Switch Trunking Gateway MGCP/MEGACO RTP RTP MGCP/ MEGACO Phones Residential Gateway Reference: CCL/ITRI 26

27 3GPP All IP Network 27

28 All IP Architecture Based on packet technologies and IP telephony for real time and non real time services An evolution from Release 99 specifications All IP core network should support release 99 CS terminals Radio Access Network (RAN) GERAN and UTRAN Core Network Based on the evolution of GPRS 28

29 3GPP All IP Network MS Circuit Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Packet (user traffic / signaling) Mh Call control function Node B Node B RNC Iu_PS HSS Gr SGSN Iu_CS (user traffic) R-SGW Cx Gc Gn Ms CSCF Gi GGSN Gi Gi Gi Mc Mr Mg Legacy mobile signaling network MRF MGCF Mm Internet MS Iu_CS (control part) MAP MGW Mc Nb MAP MGW Mc PSTN Reference: CCL/ITRI MSC Server Nc GMSC Server T-SGW 29

30 Circuit-Switched Services Circuit Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Packet (user traffic / signaling) Mh Call control function HSS R-SGW Legacy mobile signaling network Gr Node B RNC MS Node B Iu_CS (user traffic) MS Iu_CS (control part) MAP MGW Nb MGW PSTN Mc MAP Mc Reference: CCL/ITRI MSC Server Nc GMSC Server T-SGW 30

31 Packet-Switched Services Circuit Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Packet (user traffic / signaling) Call control function HSS Gr Gc Gi Node B RNC Iu_PS SGSN Gn GGSN Gi Internet MS Node B MS Reference: CCL/ITRI 31

32 Real-Time PS Services Circuit Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Packet (user traffic / signaling) Mh Call control function HSS Gr R-SGW Cx Gc Ms CSCF Gi Gi Mr Mg Legacy mobile signaling network MRF Mm Node B RNC Iu_PS SGSN Gn GGSN Gi Internet MS Node B MS Reference: CCL/ITRI 32

33 Interworking with PSTN Circuit Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Packet (user traffic / signaling) Mh Call control function HSS Gr R-SGW Cx Gc Ms CSCF Gi Gi Mr Mg Legacy mobile signaling network MRF Mm MS Node B Node B RNC Iu_PS SGSN Gn GGSN Gi Gi Mc MGCF Internet MS MGW PSTN Reference: CCL/ITRI T-SGW 33

34 HSS HSS (Home Subscriber Server) is the master database for a given user. Functionalities The HLR functionality required by the PS-Domain The circuit switched part of the HLR User control functions required by the IP multimedia (IM) subsystem HSS D C Mh Cx Gr Gc MSC Server GMSC Server SGSN GGSN R-SGW CSCF 34

35 CSCF [1/4] Call State Control Function ICGW (Incoming Call Gateway) Acting as a first entry point to perform routing of incoming calls CCF (Call Control Function) Call setup/termination and call state/event management Application level registration handling SPD (Serving Profile Database) Interacting with HSS to receive user profile information AH (Address Handling) Mapping between alias address (e.g., E.164 number) and transport address 35

36 CSCF [2/4] Proxy CSCF (P-CSCF) is the first contact point within IM CN subsystem. Its address is discovered by UEs following PDP context activation procedure. Behaving like a Proxy server defined in RFC2543 P-CSCF Discovery Use of DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Transfer the P-CSCF address with the PDP Context Activation signaling to the UE 36

37 CSCF [3/4] Serving CSCF (S-CSCF) performs the session control service for the UE. Maintaining a session state as needed by the network operator for support of the services Registration Behaving as a Registrar as defined in RFC2543 It accepts registration requests and makes its information available through the location server (e.g., HSS). Session Flow Interaction with service platform for support of services 37

38 Service Platform Interface SIP Application Server SIP+ HSS Cx S-CSCF SIP+ OSA Service Capability Server (SCS) OSA API OSA Application Server SIP+ MAP IM SSF CAP CAMEL Service Environment 38

39 CSCF [4/4] Interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF) is the contact point within an operator s network for all connections destined to a subscriber of that network operator, or a roaming subscriber currently located within that network operator s service area. That is,i-cscf is the first contact point within an operator s network for incoming call signaling. Registration Assigning a Serving CSCF to a user performing SIP registration Session Flow Routing a SIP request received from another network towards the S-CSCF(Serving Terminating UE) Obtaining the S-CSCF address from HSS 39

40 MGCF & MGW Media Gateway Control Function Being PSTN signaling termination point Performing protocol conversion between the legacy (e.g., ISUP) and the All-IP network call control protocols Media Gateway Being PSTN transport termination point Interfacing UTRAN over Iu 40

41 MSC Server Mainly comprising the call control and mobility control parts of a GSM/UMTS MSC Performing the connection control for media channels in a MGW MSC server + MGW = MSC 41

42 MRF Multimedia Resource Function Performing multi-party call and multi- media conferencing functions The same function as an MCU in the H.323 network 42

43 T-SGW & R-SGW Transport Signaling Gateway Function Mapping call related signaling from PSTN/PLMN on an IP bearer and sending it to the MGCF Providing PSTN/PLMN IP transport level address mapping Roaming Signaling Gateway Function Providing communication with a 2G/R99 MSC/VLR 43

44 IM Subsystem IP Multimedia (IM) CN subsystem Comprising all CN elements for provision of multimedia services The IM subsystem (IMS) utilizes the PS domain to transport multimedia signaling and bearer traffic. The IMS attempts to be conformant to IETF Internet standards. SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) has been selected as the interfaces between the IM CN elements. 44

45 Registration UE GPRS IP MM CN Subsystem 1. Bearer Level Registration: GPRS 2. PDP Context Activation 3. P-CSCF Discovery 4. Application Level Registration 45

46 Application Level Registration Visited Network Home Network UE P-CSCF I-CSCF HSS S-CSCF 1. Register 2. Register 3. Cx-Query 3. Cx-Query Resp. 4. Cx-Select-Pull 4. Cx-Select-Pull Resp. 5. Register 6. Cx-Put 6. Cx-Put-Resp. 7. Cx-Pull 7. Cx-Pull-Resp OK OK OK 46

47 Call Setup Diagram Originating Home Network Terminating Home Network HSS App. Server HSS App. Server I-CSCF S-CSCF 4 I-CSCF 7 S-CSCF Visited/Home Network 2 P-CSCF Visited/Home Network 9 P-CSCF GGSN SGSN Radio Access Network Radio Access Network Originating Reference: CCL/ITRI 1 GGSN SGSN Radio Access Network Radio Access Network 10 Terminating 47

48 Session Flow Procedure UE#1 S-CSCF#2 UE#2 S-CSCF#1 INVITE SDP Final SDP Reserv Success Ringing 200 OK ACK 48

49 Visited Network#1Home Network#1 INVITE Home Network#2 Visited Network#2 UE#1 P-CSCF S-CSCF#1 I-CSCF#2 HSS S-CSCF#2 P-CSCF UE#2 INVITE+SDP 100 trying INVITE + SDP 100 trying Service Control INVITE + SDP 100 trying Location Query Response INVITE + SDP 100 trying Service Control INVITE + SDP 100 trying INVITE + SDP 100 trying 49

50 183 Session Progress + PRACK Home Network#1 Visited Network Home Network#2 Visited Network#2 UE#1 P-CSCF S-CSCF#1 I-CSCF#2 HSS S-CSCF#2 P-CSCF UE#2 183 (SDP) 183 (SDP) 183 (SDP) 183 (SDP) 183 (SDP) 183 (SDP) PRACK (Final SDP) Authorize QoS Resource PRACK (Final SDP) PRACK (Final SDP) PRACK (Final SDP) Authorize QoS Resource PRACK (Final SDP) 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 50

51 Reserv Success (COMET) Visited Network Home Network#1 Home Network#2 Visited Network#2 UE#1 P-CSCF S-CSCF#1 I-CSCF#2 HSS S-CSCF#2 P-CSCF UE#2 Resource Reservation Resource Reservation COMET COMET COMET COMET 200 OK COMET 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 51

52 Ring (180 Ringing) OK (Hang Up) + ACK Visited Network Home Network#1 Home Network#2 Visited Network#2 UE#1 P-CSCF S-CSCF#1 I-CSCF#2 Ring Ring Ring Ringback 200 OK HSS Ring 200 OK S-CSCF#2 Ring P-CSCF Ring 200 OK Approval of QoS Commit 200 OK Service Control UE#2 Service Control 200 OK Approval of QoS Commit 200 OK ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK52

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