Routing Protocols of IGP. Koji OKAMURA Kyushu University, Japan

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1 Routing Protocols of IGP Koji OKAMURA Kyushu University, Japan

2 Routing Protocol AS (Autonomous System) Is operated autonomous in the organization. 6bit IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) Routing Control inside AS Routing Protocol for small network RIP,OSPF EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol) Routing Control among AS Routing Protocol for big network BGP 2

3 Basic Routing Protocol Routing: Network address is distributed by announcement from the original /24 3

4 AS,IGP,EGP Automatic Routing table update The update is noticed to network Many packets by the notification may consume the network Because there are not so many networks inside AS, the traffic is no problem. IGP Because the number of whole network included inside AS might be huge, the traffic should be problem. EGP 4

5 RIP

6 RIP (Routing Information Protocol) Routing Table /24 DST Next Metric /24 #R /24 #R 2 #R2 #R0 #R 6

7 Information managed by RIP Records on Routing Table of RIP Destination IP address next hop (The First Router to destination) metric (4bit) route change flag(showing changing of route) Timer Subnet mask (RIP v2) 7

8 Trouble and Timer R If no update messages during 80secs, metric of the route reaches maximum and will deleted after 20sec. Trouble!

9 Backup Route R Metric = 6 Backup Route Metric

10 Problem of RIP Rip announces the routing information which has been announced by itself /24 #R0 #R #R2 DST Next Metric /24 #R /24 #R2 3 DST Next Metric /24 #R 2 0

11 Problem of RIP Rip announces the routing information which has been announced by itself /24 #R0 #R #R2 DST Next Metric /24 #R /24 #R2 3 DST Next Metric /24 #R 2

12 Split Horizon Simple Split Horizon Deletes the route which has been announced. Poison Reverse Update Shows that the route can be reached by maximum metric 2

13 Simple Split Horizon Deleting the route which has been announced /24 #R0 #R #R2 DST Next Metric /24 #R /24 #R2 3 DST Next Metric /24 #R 2 3

14 Poison Reverse Update Showing that the route can be reached by maximum metric /24 #R0 #R #R2 DST Next Metric /24 #R0 DST Next Metric /24 #R 5 4

15 Triggered Update If there is a update of the network, the update messaged for that network prefix will be announced within 30sec /24 #R0 #R #R2 DST Next Metric /24 #R0 DST Next Metric /24 #R 5 5

16 RIP2 Extensions Subnet Mask VLSM(Variable Length Subnet Mask) Route Tag Is used by EGP(BGP) Authentication Announcement by Multicast Has advantage When all of IGP router is not only RIP. RIP2 RIP2 OSPF OSPF 6

17 OSPF

18 Problems of RIP Too long for update version can not use VLSM(Various Length Subnet Mask) version does not use Multicast version does not have Authentication. Overhead by constant update message RIP can not decide optimal route No Hierarchical Routing Information 6bit of Matric is too small. 8

19 RIP (Routing Information Protocol ) Routing Table Routing Table Routing Table Routing Table 9

20 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First ) Routing Table Routing Table Routing Table Routing Table Routing Table Routing Table Routing Table Routing Table Exchanging of Routing Information All of routers share Routing Information 20

21 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First ) Detection of the neighbor OSPF Routers which are on the same segment Sharing of Link State Information Link State Information (Interface, Network Prefix and Network Prefix length) are sent to other OSPF routers. Calculation for the Routing Information All of router have the same routing table, the routing table is calculated from the same set of link state information from all of the routers. 2

22 Establishment of connection with Neighbor #00 Hello #0 Hello Hello #02 Hello #

23 Authentication for the connection with Neighbor password password password 23

24 Sharing of Link State Information LSA: Link State Advertisement #00 #0 #02 #03 Link State Information (Interface, Network Prefix and Network Prefix length) is used instead of Routing information 24

25 Calculation of Routing Information #N00 #00 #N 0 #0 0 #N0 #N0 #02 #N2 0 #N3 #03 #N02 25

26 LSDB (Link State Data Base) #00 #0 #02 #03 #N00 #N0 #N02 #N0 #N #N2 #N3 #00 #0 #02 #03 #N00 #N0 #N02 #N0 #N #N2 #N

27 Shortest Path First Algorism of Dijkstra #N00 #00 #N 0 #0 0 #N0 #N0 #02 #N2 0 #N3 #03 #N02 Routing path is Shortest Path 27

28 Shortest Path First Algorism of Dijkstra #N00 #00 #N 0 #0 0 #N0 #N0 #02 #N2 0 #N3 #03 #N02 Finding the shortest path 28

29 Shortest Path First Algorism of Dijkstra #N00 #00 #N 0 #0 0 #N0 #N0 #02 #N2 0 #N3 #03 #N02 Decide the shortest path 29

30 Shortest Path First Algorism of Dijkstra #N00 #00 #N 0 #0 0 #N0 #N0 #02 #N2 0 #N3 #03 #N02 Finding the next shortest path 30

31 Hierarchical Routing Information by Area #area #area

32 OSPF Reduce the overhead of the traffic for the routing The Link State information is announced when it is updated. No routing loop Shortest PATH Route selection by the cost Cost is used than just network topology Large Network 6 bit for Cost information 32

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