Chapter 5. The Network Layer FATİH ŞAHİN Network Layer Design Isues. Store-and-Forward Packet Switching

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Chapter 5. The Network Layer FATİH ŞAHİN Network Layer Design Isues. Store-and-Forward Packet Switching"

Transcription

1 Chapter 5 The Network Layer FATİH ŞAHİN Network Layer Design Isues Store-and-Forward Packet Switching Services Provided to the Transport Layer Implementation of Connectionless Service Implementation of Connection-Oriented Service Comparison of Virtual-Circuit and Datagram Subnets Store-and-Forward Packet Switching Implementation of Connectionless Service fig 5-1 The environment of the network layer protocols. Routing within a diagram subnet. Implementation of Connection-Oriented Service Routing within a virtual-circuit subnet. 1

2 Comparison of Virtual-Circuit and Datagram Subnets 5-4 Routing Algorithms The Optimality Principle Shortest Path Routing Flooding Distance Vector Routing Link State Routing Hierarchical Routing Broadcast Routing Multicast Routing Routing for Mobile Hosts Routing in Ad Hoc Networks The Optimality Principle (a) A subnet. (b) A sink tree for router B. Shortest Path Routing Flooding 5-8 top The first 5 steps used in computing the shortest path from A to D. The arrows indicate the working node. Dijkstra's algorithm to compute the shortest path through a graph. 2

3 Flooding (2) 5-8 bottom Link State Routing Each router must do the following: 1. Discover its neighbors, learn their network address. 2. Measure the delay or cost to each of its neighbors. 3. Construct a packet telling all it has just learned. 4. Send this packet to all other routers. 5. Compute the shortest path to every other router. Dijkstra's algorithm to compute the shortest path through a graph. Learning about the Neighbors Broadcast Routing (a) Nine routers and a LAN. (b) A graph model of (a). Reverse path forwarding. (a) A subnet. (b) a Sink tree. (c) The tree built by reverse path forwarding. Multicast Routing Routing for Mobile Hosts (a) A network. (b) A spanning tree for the leftmost router. (c) A multicast tree for group 1. (d) A multicast tree for group 2. A WAN to which LANs, MANs, and wireless cells are attached. 3

4 Routing in Ad Hoc Networks Route Discovery Possibilities when the routers are mobile: 1. Military vehicles on battlefield. No infrastructure. 2. A fleet of ships at sea. All moving all the time 3. Emergency works at earthquake. The infrastructure destroyed. 4. A gathering of people with notebook computers. In an area lacking a) (a) Range of A's broadcast. b) (b) After B and D have received A's broadcast. c) (c) After C, F, and G have received A's broadcast. d) (d) After E, H, and I have received A's broadcast. Shaded nodes are new recipients. Arrows show possible reverse routes. Route Discovery (2) Route Discovery (3) Format of a ROUTE REQUEST packet. Format of a ROUTE REPLY packet. Route Maintenance Congestion Control Algorithms General Principles of Congestion Control Congestion Prevention Policies Congestion Control in Virtual-Circuit Subnets C ti C t li D t S b t Congestion Control in Datagram Subnets Jitter Control (a) D's routing table before G goes down. (b) The graph after G has gone down. 4

5 Congestion General Principles of Congestion Control 1. Monitor the system. detect when and where congestion occurs. 2. Pass information to where action can be taken. 3. Adjust system operation to correct the problem. When too much traffic is offered, congestion sets in and performance degrades sharply. Congestion Control in Virtual-Circuit Subnets Hop-by-Hop Choke Packets (a) A choke packet that affects only the source. (a) A congested subnet. (b) A redrawn subnet, eliminates congestion and a virtual circuit from A to B. (b) A choke packet that affects each hop it passes through. Jitter Control Quality of Service Requirements Techniques for Achieving Good Quality of Service Integrated Services Differentiated Services Differentiated Services Label Switching and MPLS (a) High jitter. (b) Low jitter. 5

6 Requirements The Leaky Bucket Algorithm 5-30 How stringent the quality-of-service requirements are. (a) A leaky bucket with water. (b) a leaky bucket with packets. The Token Bucket Algorithm 5-34 Internetworking How Networks Differ How Networks Can Be Connected Concatenated Virtual Circuits Connectionless Internetworking Tunneling Internetwork Routing Fragmentation (a) Before. (b) After. Connecting Networks How Networks Differ System Network Arch. Asynchron. Transfer Mode 5-43 Fiber Distributed Data Interface A collection of interconnected networks. Some of the many ways networks can differ. 6

7 How Networks Can Be Connected Concatenated Virtual Circuits SNA : Systems Network Architecture OSI : Open System Interconnected ATM : Asynchronous transfer Mode (a) Two Ethernets connected by a switch. (b) Two Ethernets connected by routers. Internetworking using concatenated virtual circuits. Connectionless Internetworking Tunneling TCP:Transmission Control Protocol UDP:User Datagram Model TCP:Transmission Control Protocol A connectionless internet. Tunneling a packet from Paris to London. Tunneling (2) Fragmentation Tunneling a car from France to England. (a) Transparent fragmentation. (b) Nontransparent fragmentation. 7

8 Fragmentation (2) The Network Layer in the Internet Fragmentation when the elementary data size is 1 byte. (a) Original packet, containing 10 data bytes. (b) Fragments after passing through a network with maximum packet size of 8 payload bytes plus header. (c) Fragments after passing through a size 5 gateway. The IP Protocol IP Addresses Internet Control Protocols OSPF The Interior Gateway Routing Protocol BGP The Exterior Gateway Routing Protocol Internet Multicasting Mobile IP IPv6 The IP Protocol IP Addresses The IPv4 (Internet Protocol) header. IP address formats. Subnets NAT Network Address Translation A campus network consisting of LANs for various departments. Placement and operation of a NAT box. 8

9 The basic idea behind NAT is to assign each company a single IP address (or at most, a small number of them) for Internet traffic. Within the company, every computer gets a unique IP address, which is used for routing intramural traffic. However, when a packet exits the company and goes to the ISP, an address translation takes place. To make this scheme possible, three ranges of IP addresses have been declared as private. Companies may use them internally as they wish. The only rule is that no packets containing these addresses may appear on the Internet itself. The three reserved ranges are: /8 (16,777,216 hosts) /12 (1,048,576 hosts) /16 (65,536 hosts) The first range provides for 16,777,216 addresses (except for 0 and -1, as usual) and is the usual choice of most companies, even if they do not need so many addresses. The operation of NAT is shown in Fig Within the company premises, every machine has a unique address of the form 10.x.y.z. However, when a packet leaves the company premises, it passes through a NAT box that converts the internal IP source address, in the figure, to the company's true IP address, in this example. The NAT box is often combined in a single device with a firewall, which provides security by carefully controlling 339 what goes into the company and what comes out. We will study firewalls in Chap. 8. It is also possible to integrate the NAT box into the company's router. Bibliography a) Computer Networks 4. Edition, Andrew S. Tanenbaum b) c) MADRAS/ComputerNetworks/pdf/Lecture28_NetworkLayer.pdf d) com/ghatlı/d/ /31 Network-Layer 9

Chapter 5. The Network Layer. Network Layer Design Isues. Store-and-Forward Packet Switching 10/7/2010. Implementation of Connectionless Service

Chapter 5. The Network Layer. Network Layer Design Isues. Store-and-Forward Packet Switching 10/7/2010. Implementation of Connectionless Service Network Layer Design Isues Chapter 5 The Network Layer Store-and-Forward Packet Switching Services Provided to the Transport Layer Implementation of Connectionless Service Implementation of Connection-Oriented

More information

Chapter 5. The Network Layer

Chapter 5. The Network Layer Chapter 5 The Network Layer 1 Network Layer Design Isues Store-and-Forward Packet Switching Services Provided to the Transport Layer Implementation of Connectionless Service Implementation of Connection-Oriented

More information

Chapter 5. The Network Layer. CEN Chapter 5 1

Chapter 5. The Network Layer. CEN Chapter 5 1 Chapter 5 The Network Layer CEN 445 - Chapter 5 1 Network Layer Design Isues Store-and-Forward Packet Switching Services Provided to the Transport Layer Implementation of Connectionless Service Implementation

More information

Computer Networks 1 (Mạng Máy Tính 1) Lectured by: Dr. Phạm Trần Vũ

Computer Networks 1 (Mạng Máy Tính 1) Lectured by: Dr. Phạm Trần Vũ Computer Networks 1 (Mạng Máy Tính 1) Lectured by: Dr. Phạm Trần Vũ Lecture 5: Network Layer Reference: Chapter 5 - Computer Networks, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003. Contents The

More information

Computer Networks Prof. Ashok K. Agrawala

Computer Networks Prof. Ashok K. Agrawala CMSC417 Computer Networks Prof. Ashok K. Agrawala 2017 Ashok Agrawala September 25, 2018 Fall 2018 CMSC417 1 Message, Segment, Packet, and Frame Fall 2018 CMSC417 2 Hierarchical Routing Hierarchical routing.

More information

Chapter 5. The Network Layer

Chapter 5. The Network Layer Chapter 5 The Network Layer Congestion Control Algorithms General Principles of Congestion Control Congestion Prevention Policies Congestion Control in Virtual-Circuit Subnets Congestion Control in Datagram

More information

Chapter 6. The Network Layer

Chapter 6. The Network Layer Chapter 6 The Network Layer 1 Network Layer Design Isues Store-and-Forward Packet Switching Services Provided to the Transport Layer Implementation of Connectionless Service Implementation of Connection-Oriented

More information

Computer Networks 1 (Mạng Máy Tính 1) Lectured by: Dr. Phạm Trần Vũ

Computer Networks 1 (Mạng Máy Tính 1) Lectured by: Dr. Phạm Trần Vũ Computer Networks 1 (Mạng Máy Tính 1) Lectured by: Dr. Phạm Trần Vũ 1 Lecture 5: Network Layer (cont ) Reference: Chapter 5 - Computer Networks, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003. 2

More information

Chapter 5 (Week 9) The Network Layer ANDREW S. TANENBAUM COMPUTER NETWORKS FOURTH EDITION PP BLM431 Computer Networks Dr.

Chapter 5 (Week 9) The Network Layer ANDREW S. TANENBAUM COMPUTER NETWORKS FOURTH EDITION PP BLM431 Computer Networks Dr. Chapter 5 (Week 9) The Network Layer ANDREW S. TANENBAUM COMPUTER NETWORKS FOURTH EDITION PP. 343-396 1 5.1. NETWORK LAYER DESIGN ISSUES 5.2. ROUTING ALGORITHMS 5.3. CONGESTION CONTROL ALGORITHMS 5.4.

More information

Chapter 6. The Network Layer

Chapter 6. The Network Layer Chapter 6 The Network Layer 1 Network Layer Design Isues Store-and-Forward Packet Switching Services Provided to the Transport Layer Implementation of Connectionless Service Implementation of Connection-Oriented

More information

Chapter 5 (Week 10) The Network Layer (CONTINUATION) ANDREW S. TANENBAUM COMPUTER NETWORKS FOURTH EDITION PP

Chapter 5 (Week 10) The Network Layer (CONTINUATION) ANDREW S. TANENBAUM COMPUTER NETWORKS FOURTH EDITION PP Chapter 5 (Week 10) The Network Layer (CONTINUATION) ANDREW S. TANENBAUM COMPUTER NETWORKS FOURTH EDITION PP. 397-480 1 5.1. NETWORK LAYER DESIGN ISSUES 5.2. ROUTING ALGORITHMS 5.3. CONGESTION CONTROL

More information

EEC-484/584 Computer Networks

EEC-484/584 Computer Networks EEC-484/584 Computer Networks Lecture 13 wenbing@ieee.org (Lecture nodes are based on materials supplied by Dr. Louise Moser at UCSB and Prentice-Hall) Outline 2 Review of lecture 12 Routing Congestion

More information

Integrated Services. Integrated Services. RSVP Resource reservation Protocol. Expedited Forwarding. Assured Forwarding.

Integrated Services. Integrated Services. RSVP Resource reservation Protocol. Expedited Forwarding. Assured Forwarding. Integrated Services An architecture for streaming multimedia Aimed at both unicast and multicast applications An example of unicast: a single user streaming a video clip from a news site An example of

More information

EEC-684/584 Computer Networks

EEC-684/584 Computer Networks EEC-684/584 Computer Networks Lecture 14 wenbing@ieee.org (Lecture nodes are based on materials supplied by Dr. Louise Moser at UCSB and Prentice-Hall) Outline 2 Review of last lecture Internetworking

More information

RAJIV GANDHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

RAJIV GANDHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY RAJIV GANDHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK SUBJECT NAME: COMPUTER NETWORKS SUBJECT CODE: CST52 UNIT-I 2 MARKS 1. What is Network? 2.

More information

Jaringan Komputer. Network Layer. Network Layer. Network Layer. Network Layer Design Issues. Store-and-Forward Packet Switching

Jaringan Komputer. Network Layer. Network Layer. Network Layer. Network Layer Design Issues. Store-and-Forward Packet Switching Network Layer Jaringan Komputer Network Layer Concerned with getting packets from the source all the way to the destination May require making many hops at intermediate routers along the way Contrasts

More information

CEN445 Network Protocols & Algorithms. Network Layer. Prepared by Dr. Mohammed Amer Arafah Summer 2008

CEN445 Network Protocols & Algorithms. Network Layer. Prepared by Dr. Mohammed Amer Arafah Summer 2008 CEN445 Network Protocols & Algorithms Network Layer Prepared by Dr. Mohammed Amer Arafah Summer 2008 1 Internetworking Two or more networks can be connected together to form an Internet. A variety of different

More information

Outline EEC-682/782 Computer Networks I. Midterm 1 Statistics. Midterm 1 Statistics. High 99, Low 34, Average 66

Outline EEC-682/782 Computer Networks I. Midterm 1 Statistics. Midterm 1 Statistics. High 99, Low 34, Average 66 Outline EEC-682/782 Computer Networks I Lecture 12 Wenbing Zhao w.zhao1@csuohio.edu http://academic.csuohio.edu/zhao_w/teaching/eec682.htm (Lecture nodes are based on materials supplied by Dr. Louise Moser

More information

Network Layer Chapter 5

Network Layer Chapter 5 Design Issues Routing Algorithms Congestion Control Quality of Service Internetworking Network Layer Chapter 5 Network Layer of the Internet Revised: August 2011 and February 2018 The Network Layer Responsible

More information

Chapter 5. The Network Layer

Chapter 5. The Network Layer Chapter 5 The Network Layer Network Layer Design Isues Store-and-Forward Packet Switching Services Provided to the Transport Layer Implementation of Connectionless Service Implementation of Connection-Oriented

More information

Computer Networks. Andrew S. Tanenbaum

Computer Networks. Andrew S. Tanenbaum Computer Networks Third Edition Andrew S. Tanenbaum 1 ; l Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands For book and bookstore information Prentice Hall PTR Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 CONTENTS

More information

CHAPTER 9: PACKET SWITCHING N/W & CONGESTION CONTROL

CHAPTER 9: PACKET SWITCHING N/W & CONGESTION CONTROL CHAPTER 9: PACKET SWITCHING N/W & CONGESTION CONTROL Dr. Bhargavi Goswami, Associate Professor head, Department of Computer Science, Garden City College Bangalore. PACKET SWITCHED NETWORKS Transfer blocks

More information

Growth. Individual departments in a university buy LANs for their own machines and eventually want to interconnect with other campus LANs.

Growth. Individual departments in a university buy LANs for their own machines and eventually want to interconnect with other campus LANs. Internetworking Multiple networks are a fact of life: Growth. Individual departments in a university buy LANs for their own machines and eventually want to interconnect with other campus LANs. Fault isolation,

More information

The Internet. 9.1 Introduction. The Internet is a global network that supports a variety of interpersonal and interactive multimedia applications.

The Internet. 9.1 Introduction. The Internet is a global network that supports a variety of interpersonal and interactive multimedia applications. The Internet 9.1 Introduction The Internet is a global network that supports a variety of interpersonal and interactive multimedia applications. Associated with each access network - ISP network, intranet,

More information

Computer Networks SYLLABUS CHAPTER - 2 : NETWORK LAYER CHAPTER - 3 : INTERNETWORKING

Computer Networks SYLLABUS CHAPTER - 2 : NETWORK LAYER CHAPTER - 3 : INTERNETWORKING i SYLLABUS UNIT - 1 CHAPTER - 1 : INTRODUCTION Uses of Computer Networks, Network Hardware, Network Software, Reference Models (ISO-OSI, TCP/IP). CHAPTER - 2 : NETWORK LAYER Network Layer Design Issues,

More information

5 THE NETWORK LAYER 1

5 THE NETWORK LAYER 1 5 THE NETWORK LAYER 1 Email FTP... TCP IP ATM Data link Physical Fig. 5-1. Running TCP/IP over an ATM subnet. Issue Datagram subnet VC subnet Circuit setup Not needed Required Addressing Each packet contains

More information

Point-to-Point Network Switching. Computer Networks Term B10

Point-to-Point Network Switching. Computer Networks Term B10 Point-to-Point Network Switching Computer Networks Term B10 Network Switching Outline Circuit Switching, Message Switching, Packet Switching, Cell Switching Connection-Oriented versus Connectionless Protocols

More information

THE NETWORK LAYER. From: Computer Networks, 3rd ed. by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 1996 Prentice Hall

THE NETWORK LAYER. From: Computer Networks, 3rd ed. by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 1996 Prentice Hall 5 THE NETWORK LAYER Email FTP... TCP IP ATM Data link Physical Fig. 5-1. Running TCP/IP over an ATM subnet. Issue Datagram subnet VC subnet Circuit setup Not needed Required Addressing Each packet contains

More information

Chapter 4: outline. 4.5 routing algorithms link state distance vector hierarchical routing. 4.6 routing in the Internet RIP OSPF BGP

Chapter 4: outline. 4.5 routing algorithms link state distance vector hierarchical routing. 4.6 routing in the Internet RIP OSPF BGP Chapter 4: outline 4.1 introduction 4.2 virtual circuit and datagram networks 4.3 what s inside a router 4.4 IP: Internet Protocol datagram format IPv4 addressing ICMP 4.5 routing algorithms link state

More information

Introduction... xiii Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Networks and Internet Computer Networks Uses of Computer Networks...

Introduction... xiii Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Networks and Internet Computer Networks Uses of Computer Networks... Table of Contents Introduction... xiii Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Networks and Internet... 1 1.1 Computer Networks... 1 1.1.1 Advantages of Computer Networks... 2 1.1.2 Disadvantages of Computer

More information

SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road QUESTION BANK (DESCRIPTIVE)

SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road QUESTION BANK (DESCRIPTIVE) SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road 517583 QUESTION BANK (DESCRIPTIVE) Subject with Code : Computer Networks (16MC811) Year & Sem: II-MCA & I-Sem Course : MCA

More information

Data Communication Prof. A. Pal Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture 34 TCP/ IP I

Data Communication Prof. A. Pal Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture 34 TCP/ IP I Data Communication Prof. A. Pal Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture 34 TCP/ IP I Hello and welcome to today s lecture on TCP/IP. (Refer Slide

More information

The Interconnection Structure of. The Internet. EECC694 - Shaaban

The Interconnection Structure of. The Internet. EECC694 - Shaaban The Internet Evolved from the ARPANET (the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), a project funded by The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) in 1969. ARPANET's purpose was to provide the U.S. Defense

More information

SYED AMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SYED AMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE QUESTION BANK UNIT 1 1. Define Networks. 2. Define Internetworking and Intranetworking. 3. What is router or gateway? 4. Define routing. 5. What are Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast? 6. What is Multiplexing

More information

Position of IP and other network-layer protocols in TCP/IP protocol suite

Position of IP and other network-layer protocols in TCP/IP protocol suite Position of IP and other network-layer protocols in TCP/IP protocol suite IPv4 is an unreliable datagram protocol a best-effort delivery service. The term best-effort means that IPv4 packets can be corrupted,

More information

CS422 Computer Networks

CS422 Computer Networks CS422 Computer Networks Lecture 5 Network Layer Dr. Xiaobo Zhou Department of Computer Science CS422 Network Layer.1 Network Layer Network Layer: the most complex layer Requires the coordinated actions

More information

IP - The Internet Protocol. Based on the slides of Dr. Jorg Liebeherr, University of Virginia

IP - The Internet Protocol. Based on the slides of Dr. Jorg Liebeherr, University of Virginia IP - The Internet Protocol Based on the slides of Dr. Jorg Liebeherr, University of Virginia Orientation IP (Internet Protocol) is a Network Layer Protocol. IP: The waist of the hourglass IP is the waist

More information

EE-311 Data Communication & Networks

EE-311 Data Communication & Networks National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan Name: Roll No: EE-311 Data Communication & Networks Summer 2007 Final Thursday, 2 nd August 2007 Total Time: 3 Hours Total Marks:

More information

II. Principles of Computer Communications Network and Transport Layer

II. Principles of Computer Communications Network and Transport Layer II. Principles of Computer Communications Network and Transport Layer A. Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 Header An IP datagram consists of a header part and a text part. The header has a 20-byte fixed part

More information

UNIT I Review Computer Networks and the Internet

UNIT I Review Computer Networks and the Internet SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road 517583 QUESTION BANK (DESCRIPTIVE) Subject with Code : Advanced Computer Networks ( 16CS5802 ) Course & Branch: M.Tech - CSE

More information

Chapter 19 Network Layer: Logical Addressing

Chapter 19 Network Layer: Logical Addressing Chapter 19 Network Layer: Logical Addressing 19.1 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 19.2 19-1 IPv4 ADDRESSES An IPv4 address is a 32-bit address

More information

Introduction to Networks and the Internet

Introduction to Networks and the Internet Introduction to Networks and the Internet CMPE 80N Winter 2004 Lecture 18 Announcements Fourth quiz on Monday, March 1 st. Third HTML discussion session today by Kiran (before class). Summary posted on

More information

Telecommunication Protocols Laboratory Course. Lecture 3

Telecommunication Protocols Laboratory Course. Lecture 3 Telecommunication Protocols Laboratory Course Lecture 3 Course map Last time: we discussed protocols of the Medium Access Control (MAC) sub-layer Deal with broadcast channels and their (multi-party) protocols

More information

6.1.2 Repeaters. Figure Repeater connecting two LAN segments. Figure Operation of a repeater as a level-1 relay

6.1.2 Repeaters. Figure Repeater connecting two LAN segments. Figure Operation of a repeater as a level-1 relay 6.1.2 Repeaters A single Ethernet segment can have a maximum length of 500 meters with a maximum of 100 stations (in a cheapernet segment it is 185m). To extend the length of the network, a repeater may

More information

Lecture 3. The Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1

Lecture 3. The Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1 Lecture 3 The Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1 Agenda The Network Layer (cont d) What is inside a router? Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 fragmentation and addressing IP Address Classes and Subnets

More information

Internetworking Terms. Internet Structure. Internet Structure. Chapter 15&16 Internetworking. Internetwork Structure & Terms

Internetworking Terms. Internet Structure. Internet Structure. Chapter 15&16 Internetworking. Internetwork Structure & Terms Chapter 15&16 Internetworking Internetwork Structure & Terms Internetworking Architecture Features Connection/Connectionless Architecture Fragmentation & Reassembly Internet Protocol & Services Addressing

More information

Network Layer PREPARED BY AHMED ABDEL-RAOUF

Network Layer PREPARED BY AHMED ABDEL-RAOUF Network Layer PREPARED BY AHMED ABDEL-RAOUF Network layer transport segment from sending to receiving host on sending side encapsulates segments into datagrams on receiving side, delivers segments to transport

More information

Guide to TCP/IP, Third Edition. Chapter 3: Data Link and Network Layer TCP/IP Protocols

Guide to TCP/IP, Third Edition. Chapter 3: Data Link and Network Layer TCP/IP Protocols Guide to TCP/IP, Third Edition Chapter 3: Data Link and Network Layer TCP/IP Protocols 1 Objectives Understand the role that data link protocols, such as SLIP and PPP, play for TCP/IP Distinguish among

More information

TCPIP Protocol Suite & Utilities. Revision no.: PPT/2K403/02

TCPIP Protocol Suite & Utilities. Revision no.: PPT/2K403/02 TCPIP Protocol Suite & Utilities Revision no.: PPT/2K403/02 Comparing the TCP/IP protocol Suite, the OSI Model, and the DoD Model Comparing the TCP/IP protocol Suite, the OSI Model, and the DoD Model (contd.)

More information

Top-Down Network Design, Ch. 7: Selecting Switching and Routing Protocols. Top-Down Network Design. Selecting Switching and Routing Protocols

Top-Down Network Design, Ch. 7: Selecting Switching and Routing Protocols. Top-Down Network Design. Selecting Switching and Routing Protocols Top-Down Network Design Chapter Seven Selecting Switching and Routing Protocols Copyright 2010 Cisco Press & Priscilla Oppenheimer 1 Switching 2 Page 1 Objectives MAC address table Describe the features

More information

Wired internetworking devices. Unit objectives Differentiate between basic internetworking devices Identify specialized internetworking devices

Wired internetworking devices. Unit objectives Differentiate between basic internetworking devices Identify specialized internetworking devices Wired internetworking devices Unit objectives Differentiate between basic internetworking devices Identify specialized internetworking devices Topic A Topic A: Basic internetworking devices Topic B: Specialized

More information

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Routing Protocol

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Routing Protocol CHAPTER 41 Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Protocol Background The International Organization for Standardization (O) developed a complete suite of routing protocols for use in the Open Systems Interconnection

More information

BVRIT HYDERABAD College of Engineering for Women Department of Information Technology. Hand Out

BVRIT HYDERABAD College of Engineering for Women Department of Information Technology. Hand Out BVRIT HYDERABAD College of Engineering for Women Department of Information Technology Hand Out Subject Name: Prepared by: Computer Networks Dipali Pattanayak,Assistant Professor, IT Year and Sem, Department:

More information

Chapter 7. Local Area Network Communications Protocols

Chapter 7. Local Area Network Communications Protocols Chapter 7 Local Area Network Communications Protocols The Network Layer The third layer of the OSI Model is the network layer. The network layer is concerned with providing a means for hosts to communicate

More information

FINAL EXAM REVIEW PLEASE NOTE THE MATERIAL FROM LECTURE #16 at the end. Exam 1 Review Material

FINAL EXAM REVIEW PLEASE NOTE THE MATERIAL FROM LECTURE #16 at the end. Exam 1 Review Material FINAL EXAM REVIEW PLEASE NOTE THE MATERIAL FROM LECTURE #16 at the end Chapters in the book 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 Exam 1 Review Material Topics You are also responsible for the reading in the chapters understanding

More information

VALLIAMMAI ENGNIEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK UNIT 1

VALLIAMMAI ENGNIEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK UNIT 1 VALLIAMMAI ENGNIEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203. DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK Year & Semester : II / IV Section : CSE Subject Code : CS6551 Subject Name

More information

Finish Network Layer Start Transport Layer. CS158a Chris Pollett Apr 25, 2007.

Finish Network Layer Start Transport Layer. CS158a Chris Pollett Apr 25, 2007. Finish Network Layer Start Transport Layer CS158a Chris Pollett Apr 25, 2007. Outline OSPF BGP IPv6 Transport Layer Services Sockets Example Socket Program OSPF We now look at routing in the internet.

More information

ECE 333: Introduction to Communication Networks Fall 2001

ECE 333: Introduction to Communication Networks Fall 2001 ECE : Introduction to Communication Networks Fall 00 Lecture : Routing and Addressing I Introduction to Routing/Addressing Lectures 9- described the main components of point-to-point networks, i.e. multiplexed

More information

cs/ee 143 Communication Networks

cs/ee 143 Communication Networks cs/ee 143 Communication Networks Chapter 4 Internetworking Text: Walrand & Parekh, 2010 Steven Low CMS, EE, Caltech Warning These notes are not self-contained, probably not understandable, unless you also

More information

Question 7: What are Asynchronous links?

Question 7: What are Asynchronous links? Question 1:.What is three types of LAN traffic? Unicasts - intended for one host. Broadcasts - intended for everyone. Multicasts - intended for an only a subset or group within an entire network. Question2:

More information

Networking TCP/IP routing and workload balancing

Networking TCP/IP routing and workload balancing System i Networking TCP/IP routing and workload balancing Version 6 Release 1 System i Networking TCP/IP routing and workload balancing Version 6 Release 1 Note Before using this information and the product

More information

Data & Computer Communication

Data & Computer Communication Basic Networking Concepts A network is a system of computers and other devices (such as printers and modems) that are connected in such a way that they can exchange data. A bridge is a device that connects

More information

SYLLABUS. osmania university CHAPTER - 3 : MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL (MAC) SUBLAYER Standards, Bluetooth, Bridges and Routers.

SYLLABUS. osmania university CHAPTER - 3 : MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL (MAC) SUBLAYER Standards, Bluetooth, Bridges and Routers. Contents i SYLLABUS osmania university UNIT - I CHAPTER - 1 : INTRODUCTION Data Communication, Network Topologies : LAN, WAN, MAN, Types : Bus, Star, Ring, Hybrid, Line Configurations, Reference Models

More information

UNIT-IV INTERNETWORKING

UNIT-IV INTERNETWORKING Computer Networks Unit - IV Internetworking UNIT-IV INTERNETWORKING INTERNETWORKING First of all, the installed base of different networks is large. Nearly all personal computers run TCP/IP. Many large

More information

Outline. Routing. Introduction to Wide Area Routing. Classification of Routing Algorithms. Introduction. Broadcasting and Multicasting

Outline. Routing. Introduction to Wide Area Routing. Classification of Routing Algorithms. Introduction. Broadcasting and Multicasting Outline Routing Fundamentals of Computer Networks Guevara Noubir Introduction Broadcasting and Multicasting Shortest Path Unicast Routing Link Weights and Stability F2003, CSG150 Fundamentals of Computer

More information

3. (a) What is bridge? Explain the operation of a LAN bridge from to (b) Explain the operation of transparent bridge.

3. (a) What is bridge? Explain the operation of a LAN bridge from to (b) Explain the operation of transparent bridge. Code No: RR320503 Set No. 1 III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007 COMPUTER NETWORKS ( Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technology, Electronics & Control Engineering,

More information

Computer Networks. Routing

Computer Networks. Routing Computer Networks Routing Topics Link State Routing (Continued) Hierarchical Routing Broadcast Routing Sending distinct packets Flooding Multi-destination routing Using spanning tree Reverse path forwarding

More information

Network Layer. Goals of This Lecture. Internet Reference Model. Outline of the Class

Network Layer. Goals of This Lecture. Internet Reference Model. Outline of the Class Goals of This Lecture Network Layer Kuang Chiu Huang TCM NCKU Through the lecture and in-class discussion, students are enabled to describe role and functions of the network layer, and compare different

More information

Review for Chapter 4 R1,R2,R3,R7,R10,R11,R16,R17,R19,R22,R24, R26,R30 P1,P2,P4,P7,P10,P11,P12,P14,P15,P16,P17,P22,P24,P29,P30

Review for Chapter 4 R1,R2,R3,R7,R10,R11,R16,R17,R19,R22,R24, R26,R30 P1,P2,P4,P7,P10,P11,P12,P14,P15,P16,P17,P22,P24,P29,P30 Review for Chapter 4 R1,R2,R3,R7,R10,R11,R16,R17,R19,R22,R24, R26,R30 P1,P2,P4,P7,P10,P11,P12,P14,P15,P16,P17,P22,P24,P29,P30 R1. Let s review some of the terminology used in this textbook. Recall that

More information

IBM i Version 7.2. Networking TCP/IP routing and workload balancing IBM

IBM i Version 7.2. Networking TCP/IP routing and workload balancing IBM IBM i Version 7.2 Networking TCP/IP routing and workload balancing IBM IBM i Version 7.2 Networking TCP/IP routing and workload balancing IBM Note Before using this information and the product it supports,

More information

(Chapters 2 3 in Huitema) E7310/Internet basics/comnet 1

(Chapters 2 3 in Huitema) E7310/Internet basics/comnet 1 Introduction to routing in the Internet Ethernet, switching vs. routing Internet architecture IPv4 Addressing Routing principles Protocols: IPv4, ICMP, ARP (Chapters 2 3 in Huitema) E7310/Internet basics/comnet

More information

Network Layer. Chapter 5 Section 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6. CS 360 Spring 2012 Pacific University

Network Layer. Chapter 5 Section 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6. CS 360 Spring 2012 Pacific University Network Layer Chapter 5 Section 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6 Network with Routers zeus.cs.pacificu.edu you.yourisp.com HTTP TCP IP Router Router HTTP TCP IP Router Router Router Network Layer Goal: Routing Routers

More information

IP Protocols. ALTTC/Oct

IP Protocols. ALTTC/Oct IP Protocols Internet or IP technology over the years has emerged as the most prominent data communication technology. TCP/IP protocol has become de-facto data comm standard throughout the world. It can

More information

Code No: RR Set No. 1

Code No: RR Set No. 1 Code No: RR410402 Set No. 1 1. (a) Write any four reasons for using layered protocols. (b) List two ways in which the OSI reference model and the TCP/IP reference model are the same and list in which they

More information

Networking interview questions

Networking interview questions Networking interview questions What is LAN? LAN is a computer network that spans a relatively small area. Most LANs are confined to a single building or group of buildings. However, one LAN can be connected

More information

Routing. Advanced Computer Networks: Routing 1

Routing. Advanced Computer Networks: Routing 1 Routing Advanced Computer Networks: Routing 1 Gateway To internet or wide area network Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) s s Organization Servers Backbone R S R R Departmental Server s R S R s S R s s s

More information

Internetworking. different kinds of network technologies that can be interconnected by routers and other networking devices to create an internetwork

Internetworking. different kinds of network technologies that can be interconnected by routers and other networking devices to create an internetwork UNIT - II Internetworking An internetwork is a collection of individual networks, connected by intermediate networking devices, that functions as a single large network. different kinds of network technologies

More information

Administrivia CSC458 Lecture 4 Bridging LANs and IP. Last Time. This Time -- Switching (a.k.a. Bridging)

Administrivia CSC458 Lecture 4 Bridging LANs and IP. Last Time. This Time -- Switching (a.k.a. Bridging) Administrivia CSC458 Lecture 4 Bridging LANs and IP Homework: # 1 due today # 2 out today and due in two weeks Readings: Chapters 3 and 4 Project: # 2 due next week Tutorial today: Joe Lim on project 2

More information

IPv4 addressing, NAT. Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 6 th edition Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley.

IPv4 addressing, NAT. Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 6 th edition Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley. IPv4 addressing, NAT http://xkcd.com/195/ Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 6 th edition Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley Some materials copyright 1996-2012 J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross, All Rights

More information

CCNA 3 (v v6.0) Chapter 5 Exam Answers % Full

CCNA 3 (v v6.0) Chapter 5 Exam Answers % Full CCNA 3 (v5.0.3 + v6.0) Chapter 5 Exam Answers 2017 100% Full ccnav6.com /ccna-3-v5-0-3-v6-0-chapter-5-exam-answers-2017-100-full.html CCNA Exam Answers 2017 CCNA 3 (v5.0.3 + v6.0) Chapter 5 Exam Answers

More information

Initial motivation: 32-bit address space soon to be completely allocated. Additional motivation:

Initial motivation: 32-bit address space soon to be completely allocated. Additional motivation: IPv6 Initial motivation: 32-bit address space soon to be completely allocated. Additional motivation: header format helps speed processing/forwarding header changes to facilitate QoS IPv6 datagram format:

More information

Router Architecture Overview

Router Architecture Overview Chapter 4: r Introduction (forwarding and routing) r Review of queueing theory r Router design and operation r IP: Internet Protocol m IPv4 (datagram format, addressing, ICMP, NAT) m Ipv6 r Generalized

More information

Implementing VXLAN. Prerequisites for implementing VXLANs. Information about Implementing VXLAN

Implementing VXLAN. Prerequisites for implementing VXLANs. Information about Implementing VXLAN This module provides conceptual information for VXLAN in general and configuration information for layer 2 VXLAN on Cisco ASR 9000 Series Router. For configuration information of layer 3 VXLAN, see Implementing

More information

Lecture 4 The Network Layer. Antonio Cianfrani DIET Department Networking Group netlab.uniroma1.it

Lecture 4 The Network Layer. Antonio Cianfrani DIET Department Networking Group netlab.uniroma1.it Lecture 4 The Network Layer Antonio Cianfrani DIET Department Networking Group netlab.uniroma1.it Network layer functions Transport packet from sending to receiving hosts Network layer protocols in every

More information

Operating Systems CS 571

Operating Systems CS 571 Computer Networks: Overview Operating Systems CS 571 Network types Range Bandwidth (Mbps) Latency (ms) LAN 1-2 kms 10-1000 1-10 WAN worldwide 0.010-600 100-500 MAN 2-50 kms 1-150 10 Wireless LAN 0.15-1.5

More information

Internetworking Part 1

Internetworking Part 1 CMPE 344 Computer Networks Spring 2012 Internetworking Part 1 Reading: Peterson and Davie, 3.1 22/03/2012 1 Not all networks are directly connected Limit to how many hosts can be attached Point-to-point:

More information

The Internet. The Internet is an interconnected collection of netw orks.

The Internet. The Internet is an interconnected collection of netw orks. The Internet The Internet is an interconnected collection of netw orks. Internetw orking-1 Internetworking! Communications Network: A facility that provides a data transfer service among stations attached

More information

Inter-networking. Problem. 3&4-Internetworking.key - September 20, LAN s are great but. We want to connect them together. ...

Inter-networking. Problem. 3&4-Internetworking.key - September 20, LAN s are great but. We want to connect them together. ... 1 Inter-networking COS 460 & 540 2 Problem 3 LAN s are great but We want to connect them together...across the world Inter-networking 4 Internet Protocol (IP) Routing The Internet Multicast* Multi-protocol

More information

End-to-End Communication

End-to-End Communication End-to-End Communication Goal: Interconnect multiple LANs. Why? Diverse LANs speak different languages need to make them talk to each other Management flexibility global vs. local Internet Problems: How

More information

Last time. BGP policy. Broadcast / multicast routing. Link virtualization. Spanning trees. Reverse path forwarding, pruning Tunneling

Last time. BGP policy. Broadcast / multicast routing. Link virtualization. Spanning trees. Reverse path forwarding, pruning Tunneling Last time BGP policy Broadcast / multicast routing Spanning trees Source-based, group-shared, center-based Reverse path forwarding, pruning Tunneling Link virtualization Whole networks can act as an Internet

More information

Internal and External Components p. 213 Modularity p. 217 Cabling p. 219 Summary p. 222 Basic Switch Terminology p. 223 Cisco Switching Fundamentals

Internal and External Components p. 213 Modularity p. 217 Cabling p. 219 Summary p. 222 Basic Switch Terminology p. 223 Cisco Switching Fundamentals Acknowledgments p. xxv Introduction p. xxvii Networking Basics The OSI Model p. 3 What Is a Packet? p. 4 OSI Model Basics p. 6 Other Network Models p. 16 Summary p. 20 Ethernet and Wireless LANs p. 21

More information

Cisco CCNA (ICND1, ICND2) Bootcamp

Cisco CCNA (ICND1, ICND2) Bootcamp Cisco CCNA (ICND1, ICND2) Bootcamp Course Duration: 5 Days Course Overview This five-day course covers the essential topics of ICND1 and ICND2 in an intensive Bootcamp format. It teaches students the skills

More information

Lecture 8. Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1

Lecture 8. Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1 Lecture 8 Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1 Agenda The Network Layer (cont d) What is inside a router Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 fragmentation and addressing IP Address Classes and Subnets Network

More information

Application Layer Network Layer

Application Layer Network Layer Application Layer 1. What is job of Application Layer? 2. Which protocol is used at Application Layer? 3. What is DNS? How is works? 4. What protocols used is email? 5. Where to use SMTP protocol? 6. Where

More information

Higher scalability to address more Layer 2 segments: up to 16 million VXLAN segments.

Higher scalability to address more Layer 2 segments: up to 16 million VXLAN segments. This chapter tells how to configure Virtual extensible LAN (VXLAN) interfaces. VXLANs act as Layer 2 virtual networks over Layer 3 physical networks to stretch Layer 2 networks. About VXLAN Encapsulation

More information

CPSC 826 Internetworking. The Network Layer: Routing & Addressing Outline. The Network Layer

CPSC 826 Internetworking. The Network Layer: Routing & Addressing Outline. The Network Layer 1 CPSC 826 Intering The Network Layer: Routing & Addressing Outline The Network Layer Michele Weigle Department of Computer Science Clemson University mweigle@cs.clemson.edu November 10, 2004 Network layer

More information

Chapter 6. The Protocol TCP/IP. Introduction to Protocols

Chapter 6. The Protocol TCP/IP. Introduction to Protocols Chapter 6 The Protocol TCP/IP 1 Introduction to Protocols A protocol is a set of rules that governs the communications between computers on a network. These rules include guidelines that regulate the following

More information

OSI Network Layer. Network Fundamentals Chapter 5. Version Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1

OSI Network Layer. Network Fundamentals Chapter 5. Version Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1 OSI Network Layer Network Fundamentals Chapter 5 Version 4.0 1 Objectives Identify the role of the Network Layer, as it describes communication from one end device to another end device. Examine the most

More information

CS-435 spring semester Network Technology & Programming Laboratory. Stefanos Papadakis & Manolis Spanakis

CS-435 spring semester Network Technology & Programming Laboratory. Stefanos Papadakis & Manolis Spanakis CS-435 spring semester 2016 Network Technology & Programming Laboratory University of Crete Computer Science Department Stefanos Papadakis & Manolis Spanakis CS-435 Lecture #4 preview ICMP ARP DHCP NAT

More information

4.2 Multicast IP supports multicast to support one-to-many (radio, news, IP multicast was originally a many-to-many (any source MC or

4.2 Multicast IP supports multicast to support one-to-many (radio, news, IP multicast was originally a many-to-many (any source MC or CS475 Networks Lecture 14 Chapter 4 Advanced Internetworking Assignments Reading for Lecture 15: Sections 5.1-5.2 Homework 5, Wireshark Project 3 posted, due next Thursday; Programming Project 3 posted,

More information