Configuring EIGRP. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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1 Configuring EIGRP 4-1

2 EIGRP Overview 4-2

3 What Is EIGRP? IPX Routing Protocols IP Routing Protocols AppleTalk Routing Protocol Enhanced IGRP IP Routing Protocols AppleTalk Routing Protocol IPX Routing Protocols EIGRP supports: Rapid convergence Reduced bandwidth usage Multiple network-layer protocols BSCI v

4 EIGRP Features Advanced distance vector 100% loop free Fast convergence Easy configuration Less network design constraints than OSPF BSCI v

5 EIGRP Features (cont.) Incremental updates Supports VLSM and discontiguous networks Classless routing Compatible with existing IGRP networks Protocol independent (supports IPX and AppleTalk) BSCI v

6 Advantages of EIGRP Multicast instead of broadcast Use of link bandwidth and delay EIGRP metric = IGRP metric x 256 (32 bit versus 24 bit) Unequal cost path load balancing More flexible than OSPF Manual summarization can be done in any interface at any router within the network BSCI v

7 EIGRP in IP Packets Frame Header 88 EIGRP 6 TCP 17 UDP IP Header Protocol Number Frame Payload Packet Payload EIGRP is an advanced distance vector routing protocol: Automatically establishes neighbor relationships with peer devices Relies on IP packets for delivery of routing information C R C BSCI v

8 EIGRP Support for Different Topologies Rest of the Core A S0 C S1 D Frame Relay E F B G EIGRP supports Multiaccess (LANs) Point-to-point (HDLC) NBMA (Frame Relay) H BSCI v

9 EIGRP Support for IP Addresses /16 World D /24 A B C /30 M N O P R S EIGRP supports: /27 VLSMs Hierarchical designs BSCI v

10 EIGRP Support for Route Summarization / / / / / /24 EIGRP performs route summarization Classful network boundaries (default) Arbitrary network boundaries (manual) BSCI v

11 EIGRP Terminology Neighbor Table AppleTalk Destination Neighbor Next Table IPX Hop Destination Neighbor Router Table IP Next Hop Next-Hop Router Interface Router BSCI v

12 EIGRP Terminology (cont.) Neighbor Table AppleTalk Destination Neighbor Next Table IPX Hop Destination Neighbor Router Table IP Next Hop Next-Hop Router Interface Router Topology Table AppleTalk Destination Topology Table IPX 1 Next Router 1/Cost Destination Topology 1 Table IP 1 Next Router 1/Cost Destination 11 Next Router 1/Cost BSCI v

13 EIGRP Terminology (cont.) Neighbor Table AppleTalk Destination Neighbor Next Table IPX Hop Destination Neighbor Router Table IP Next Hop Next-Hop Router Interface Router Topology Table AppleTalk Destination Topology Table IPX 1 Next Router 1/Cost Destination Topology 1 Table IP 1 Next Router 1/Cost Destination 11 Next Router 1/Cost Routing Table AppleTalk Destination Routing Table IPX 1 Next Router X Destination Routing Table IP 1 1 Next Next Router XX Destination 1 1Next Router X BSCI v

14 EIGRP Terminology (cont.) Neighbor Table AppleTalk Destination Neighbor Next Table IPX Hop Destination Neighbor Router Table IP Next Hop Next-Hop Router Interface Router Topology Table AppleTalk Destination Topology Table IPX 1 Next Router 1/Cost Destination Topology 1 Table IP 1 Next Router 1/Cost Destination 11 Next Successor Router 1/Cost Routing Table AppleTalk Destination Routing Table IPX 1 Next Router X Destination Routing Table IP 1 1 Next Next Router XX Destination 11 Next Successor Router X BSCI v

15 EIGRP Terminology (cont.) Neighbor Table AppleTalk Destination Neighbor Next Table IPX Hop Destination Neighbor Router Table IP Next Hop Next-Hop Router Interface Router Topology Table AppleTalk Destination Topology Table IPX 1 Next Router 1/Cost Destination Topology 1 Table IP 1 Next Router 1/Cost Destination 11 Next Successor Router 1/Cost Destination 1 Feasible Successor Routing Table AppleTalk Destination Routing Table IPX 1 Next Router X Destination Routing Table IP 1 1 Next Next Router XX Destination 11 Next Successor Router X BSCI v

16 EIGRP Operation 4-16

17 EIGRP Packets Hello: Establish neighbor relationships Update: Send routing updates Query: Ask neighbors about routing information Reply: Response to query about routing information ACK: Acknowledgment of a reliable packet BSCI v

18 EIGRP Neighbor Relationship Two routers become neighbors when they see each other s hello packet Hello address = Hellos sent once every 5 seconds on the following links: Broadcast media: Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI Point-to-point serial links: PPP, HDLC, point-to-point Frame Relay/ATM subinterfaces Multipoint circuits with bandwidth greater than T1: ISDN PRI, SMDS, Frame Relay BSCI v

19 EIGRP Neighbor Relationship (cont.) Hellos sent once every 60 seconds on the following links: Multipointcircuits with bandwidth less than or equal to T1: ISDN BRI, Frame Relay, SMDS, and so on Neighbor declared dead when no EIGRP packets are received within hold interval Hold time by default is three times the hello time BSCI v

20 EIGRP Neighbor Relationship (cont.) EIGRP will form neighbors even though hello time and hold time don t match EIGRP sources hello packets from primary address of the interface EIGRP will not form neighbor if K-values are mismatched EIGRP will not form neighbor if AS numbers are mismatched BSCI v

21 What Is in a Neighbor Table? p2r2 p2r2#show ip eigrp neighbors IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 400 H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ms) Cnt Num To :15: Se :38: BSCI v

22 EIGRP Reliability EIGRP reliable packets are packets that require explicit acknowledgment: Update Query Reply EIGRP unreliable packets are packets that do not require explicit acknowledgment: Hello ACK BSCI v

23 EIGRP Reliability (cont.) The router keeps a neighbor list and a retransmission list for every neighbor Each reliable packet (update, query, reply) will be retransmitted when packet is not acknowledged Neighbor relationship is reset when retry limit (limit = 16) for reliable packets is reached BSCI v

24 EIGRP Reliability (cont.) EIGRP transport has window size of one (stop-and-wait mechanism) Every single reliable packet needs to be acknowledged before the next sequenced packet can be sent If one or more peers are slow in acknowledging, all other peers suffer Solution: The nonacknowledged multicast packet will be retransmitted as a unicast to the slow neighbor BSCI v

25 Initial Route Discovery 1 A Hello I am router A, who is on the link? B BSCI v

26 Initial Route Discovery (cont.) 1 A Hello I am router A, who is on the link? B Here is my complete routing information. Update 2 BSCI v

27 Initial Route Discovery (cont.) 1 A Hello I am router A, who is on the link? B Here is my complete routing information. Update 2 3 Ack Thanks for the information! BSCI v

28 Initial Route Discovery (cont.) 1 A Hello I am router A, who is on the link? B 4 Topology Table Here is my complete routing information. Update 3 Ack Thanks for the information! 2 BSCI v

29 Initial Route Discovery (cont.) 1 A Hello I am router A, who is on the link? B 4 Topology Table Here is my complete routing information. Update 3 Ack Thanks for the information! 2 5 Update Here is my complete route information. BSCI v

30 Initial Route Discovery (cont.) 1 A Hello I am router A, who is on the link? B 4 Topology Table Here is my complete routing information. Update 3 Ack Thanks for the information! 2 5 Update Here is my complete route information. Thanks for the information! Ack 6 Converged BSCI v

31 EIGRP Route Selection IP AppleTalk A T B T1 IP AppleTalk IPX T1 IPX C D EIGRP uses a composite metric to pick the best path BSCI v

32 EIGRP DUAL Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) Finite-state machine Tracks all routes advertised by neighbors Selects loop-free path using a successor and remembers any feasible successors If successor lost: Use feasible successor If no feasible successor: Query neighbors and recompute new successor BSCI v

33 DUAL Example (Start) (a) A C EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 3 (fd) via B 3 1 (Successor) via D 4 2 (fs) via E 4 3 B D D EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 2 (fd) via B 2 1 (Successor) via C 5 3 (2) C (2) E E EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 3 (fd) via D 3 2 (Successor) via C 4 3 BSCI v

34 DUAL Example (a) A C EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 3 (fd) via B 3 1 (Successor) via D 4 2 (fs) via E 4 3 B X D D EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 2 (fd) via B 2 1 (Successor) via C 5 3 (2) C (2) E E EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 3 (fd) via D 3 2 (Successor) via C 4 3 BSCI v

35 DUAL Example (cont.) (a) A C EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 3 (fd) via B 3 1 (Successor) via D via E 4 3 B D D EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) **ACTIVE** -1 (fd) via E (q) via C 5 3 (q) (2) C (2) Q Q E E EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 3 (fd) via D 3 2 (Successor) via C 4 3 BSCI v

36 DUAL Example (cont.) (a) A C EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 3 (fd) via B 3 1 (Successor) via D via E B D D EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) **ACTIVE** -1 (fd) via E (q) via C 5 3 (2) C Q (2) R E E EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) **ACTIVE** -1 (fd) via D via C 4 3 (q) BSCI v

37 DUAL Example (cont.) (a) A C EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 3 (fd) via B 3 1 (Successor) via D via E B D D EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) **ACTIVE** -1 (fd) via E (q) via C 5 3 (2) C (2) R E E EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 4 (fd) via C 4 3 (Successor) via D BSCI v

38 DUAL Example (cont.) (a) A C EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 3 (fd) via B 3 1 (Successor) via D via E B (2) C (2) D R E D EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 5 (fd) via C 5 3 (Successor) via E 5 4 (Successor) E EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 4 (fd) via C 4 3 (Successor) via D BSCI v

39 DUAL Example (cont.) (a) A C EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 3 (fd) via B 3 1 (Successor) via D via E B D D EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 5 (fd) via C 5 3 (Successor) via E 5 4 (Successor) (2) C (2) E E EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 4 (fd) via C 4 3 (Successor) via D BSCI v

40 DUAL Example (Start) (a) A C EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 3 (fd) via B 3 1 (Successor) via D 4 2 (fs) via E 4 3 B D D EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 2 (fd) via B 2 1 (Successor) via C 5 3 (2) C (2) E E EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 3 (fd) via D 3 2 (Successor) via C 4 3 BSCI v

41 DUAL Example (End) (a) A C EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 3 (fd) via B 3 1 (Successor) via D via E B D D EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 5 (fd) via C 5 3 (Successor) via E 5 4 (Successor) (2) C (2) E E EIGRP FD AD Topology (a) 4 (fd) via C 4 3 (Successor) via D BSCI v

42 Configuring EIGRP 4-42

43 EIGRP Summarization Automatic Purpose: Smaller routing tables, smaller updates, query boundary Autosummarization: On major network boundaries, subnetworks are summarized to a single classful (major) network Autosummarization is turned on by default X.X X.X /16 BSCI v

44 EIGRP Summarization Manual Manual summarization Configurable on a per-interface basis in any router within network When summarization is configured on an interface, the router immediately creates a route pointing to Null0 Loop prevention mechanism When the last specific route of the summary goes away, the summary is deleted The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route BSCI v

45 Configuring Summarization (config-router)# no auto-summary Turns off autosummarization for the EIGRP process (config-if)# ip summary-address eigrp [as-number] [address] [mask] Creates a summary address to be generated by this interface BSCI v

46 Summarizing EIGRP Routes A B C S0 World router eigrp 1 network network no auto-summary BSCI v

47 Summarizing EIGRP Routes (cont.) A B C S0 World router eigrp 1 network network no auto-summary router eigrp 1 network network ! int s0 ip address ip summary-address eigrp BSCI v

48 EIGRP Load Balancing Routes with metric equal to the minimum metric will be installed in the routing table (equal-cost load balancing) Up to six entries in the routing table for the same destination Number of entries is configurable Default is four BSCI v

49 Verifying EIGRP Operation 4-49

50 Verifying EIGRP Operation Router# show ip eigrp neighbors Router# show ip eigrp topology Router# show ip route eigrp Router# show ip protocols Router# show ip eigrp traffic Displays the neighbors discovered by IP EIGRP Displays the IP EIGRP topology table Displays current EIGRP entries in the routing table Displays the parameters and current state of the active routing protocol process Displays the number of IP EIGRP packets sent and received BSCI v

51 Verifying EIGRP Operation (cont.) Router# debug eigrp packets Router# debug eigrp neighbors Router# debug ip eigrp Router# debug ip eigrp summary Displays all types of EIGRP packets, both sent and received Displays the EIGRP neighbor interaction Displays advertisements and changes EIGRP makes to the routing table Displays a brief report of the EIGRP routing activity BSCI v

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