The Internet. The Internet is an interconnected collection of netw orks.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The Internet. The Internet is an interconnected collection of netw orks."

Transcription

1 The Internet The Internet is an interconnected collection of netw orks. Internetw orking-1

2 Internetworking! Communications Network: A facility that provides a data transfer service among stations attached to the network.! Internet: A collection of interconnected communications netw orks.! Subnetwork: A constituent network of an internet.! Intermediate System (IS) or Interw orking Unit (IWU): A device used to interconnect two subnetworks and permit communications between end systems attached to different subnetworks.! Bridge: An IWU used to interconnect tw o or more LANs. A bridge operates at layer 2 of the OSI model.! Router: A device used to interconnect two or more networks at layer 3 of the OSI model. Internetw orking-2

3 Requirements for Internetworking! Provide a link betw een netw orks.! Provide for routing and delivery of data between processes on different netw orks.! Provide an accounting service that keeps track of the use and status of the various netw orks and IWUs.! Accommodate differences among netw orks: - network service - addressing - routing - quality of service - maximum packet size - flow and congestion control - error reporting Internetw orking-3

4 Addressing! Network Service Access Point (NSAP): - Uniquely identifies a DTE w ithin the internet (global internet address). - A DTE may have more than one NSAP. - Usually has the form (network, host).! Subnetwork Attachment Point Address (Network Point of Attachment): - Each subnetw ork must maintain a unique address for each DTE attached to that subnetwork. - One must assume that the subnetwork attachment point address has significance only within a particular subnet. - The interw orking facility must translate betw een the global address and the locally significant address. Internetw orking-4

5 Bridge Operation! A bridge is considered a MAC-layer relay betw een LANS (IEEE 802.1). Functions of a Bridge between LAN A and LAN B:! Read all frames transmitted on LAN A, and copy those addressed to stations on LAN B.! Using the MAC protocol for LAN B, retransmit those frames onto LAN B.! Do the same for LAN B - to - LAN A traffic. Bridge Operation Internetw orking-5

6 LAN Interconnection Internetw orking-6

7 Internetw orking-7

8 Connectionless Internetworking - The IP Approach The Internet Protocol (IP) is a DoD standard. It provides connectionless service betw een stations. A connectionless internet facility is flexible in that it requires very little of its constituent netw orks. Internetw orking-8

9 Internet Protocol Operation Internetw orking-9

10 Design Issues Routing: Routing is generally accomplished by maintaining a routing table at each station and each router that gives, for each possible destination network, the next router to which the IP datagram should be sent. The routing table may be static or dynamic. A static table could contain alternate routes for use when a router is unavailable. Source routing may also be used. Datagram Lifetime: Each datagram is marked with a lifetime (e.g., hop count). Once the lifetime expires, the datagram is discarded. Segmentation and Reassembly: Where should the reassembly take place? Error Control: When a router discards a datagram, it should attempt to return some information to the source. Internetw orking-10

11 IP Services:! Send Primitive: DoD Internetwork Protocol Standard Used to request transmission of a data unit Includes the follow ing fields: a) Source Address - internetw ork address b) Destination Address - internetw ork address c) Protocol - identifies the recipient protocol entity (IP user). d) Type of Service Indicators: i) Precedence - 8 levels ii) Reliability - 2 levels iii) Delay - 2 levels iv) Throughput - 2 levels e) Identifier - used, along with source and destination addresses and user protocol, to uniquely identify the data unit. f) Don't Fragment Flag g) Time to Live - measured in netw ork hops. h) Data Length - length of user data field. i) Option Data - options requested by the IP user i) Security - add security label to data unit (e.g., SECRET, CONFIDENTIAL, etc.) Internetw orking-11

12 ii) Source Routing - a sequenced list of routers. iii) Record Routing - track the route iv) Stream Identification - Reserve resources for stream service (e.g., voice). IP must endeavor to maintain a constant delay per datagram. v) Timestamp - routers add a timestamp. j) Data - user data to be transmitted! Deliver Primitive: Used by IP to notify a user of the arrival of a data unit. Contains the follow ing fields: a) Source Address b) Destination Address c) Protocol d) Type of Service Indicators e) Data Length f) Option Data g) Data Internetw orking-12

13 IP Protocol IP Datagram Format:! Version (4 bits)! Internet Header Length (IHL) (4 bits) Length of header in 32-bit w ords (min value is 5)! Type of Service (8 bits) Precedence, Delay, Throughput! Total Length (16 bits) Total data unit length, including header, in octets! Identifier (16 bits) Used to uniquely identify the datagram! Flags (3 bits) - More Flag - Don' t Fragment Flag - Not Used Currently! Fragment Offset (13 bits) In 64-bit units (or 8-octet units)! Time to Live (8 bits) In seconds! Protocol (8 bits) Next level protocol w hich is to receive the data field at the destination.! Header Checksum (16 bits) One's complement of all 16-bit words in the header.! Source Address (32 bits) Internetw orking-13

14 ! Destination Address (32 bits) Coded to specify netw ork and station. (Options: 7 and 24, 14 and 16, 21 and 8, or 28 bit multicast.)! Options (variable) Encodes the options requested by the user! Padding (variable) Used to ensure that header ends on a 32-bit boundary.! Data (variable number of octets) Max length of data field + header is 65,535 octets. Internetw orking-14

15 IP Datagram Format Ver IHL Type of Service Total Length Identifier D M Fragment Offset Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum Source Address Destination Address Options and Padding Data Internetw orking-15

16 IP Address Structure! IP addresses are communicated as four bytes using dotted decimal notation. e.g., = (Class A netid= 10 (ARPANET)) = (Class B netid= hostid= 2.3) = (Class C netid= all hosts broadcast) Internetw orking-16

17 IP Subnet Addressing! A Campus Netw ork w ith Several Subnets:! Subnet Mask: Internetw orking-17

18 Example of Subnet Addressing Internetw orking-18

19 IP Fragmentation and Reassembly Concerned w ith issues relating to the transfer of user messages across subnets w hich support smaller packet sizes than the user data.! Intranet Fragmentation: Fragmentation and reassembly are performed on a per network basis. Reassembly takes place at each IS.! Internet Fragmentation: Reassemble occurs only at the destination ES. Internetw orking-19

20 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)! Provides feedback about problems in the internet communications environment.! ICMP is a user of IP. ICMP Message Formats: Type = Code Checksum Parameters Information! Type (8 bits) 1. Destination Unreachable 2. Time Exceeded 3. Parameter Error 4. Source Quench - (used to reduce datagram rate) 5. Redirect - (use alternate gateway) 6. Echo - (used to check reachability) 7. Echo Reply 8. Timestamp - (used to determine transit delay) 9. Timestamp Reply 10. Address Mask Request - (used to determine address) 11. Address Mask Reply mask of a subnet) Internetw orking-20

21 IPv6 (IPng) The driving motivation for the adoption of a new version of IP was the limitation imposed by the 32-bit address field of IP. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is the parent body of IPv6. IPv6 includes the following enhancements over IPv4:! Expanded Address Space: IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses.! Improved Option Mechanism: Options are placed in optional headers that need not be examined by routers on the packet' s path.! Address Autoconfiguration: Provides for dynamic assignment of IPv6 addresses.! Increased Addressing Flexibility: IPv6 includes the concept of an anycast address in which a packet is delivered to just one of a set of nodes. In addition, the scalability of multicasting is improved.! Support of Resource Allocation: IPv6 enables the labeling of packets belonging to a particular traffic flow for which special handling is requested (e.g., real-time video).! Security Capabilities: Support for authentication and privacy. Internetw orking-21

22 ! IPv6 Packet Format: General Form of an IPv6 Packet! Extension Headers: - Hop-by-Hop Options Header: Defines options that require hop-by-hop processing. - Routing Header: Provides extended routing (similar to source routing). - Fragment Header: Contains fragmentation and reassembly information. - Authentication Header: Provides packet integrity and authentication. - Encapsulating Security Payload Header: Provides privacy. - Destination Options Header: Contains optional information to be examined by the destination node. Internetw orking-22

23 IPv6 Base Header! VERSION: ip VERSION NUMBER - 6! FLOW LABEL: Used by routers to associate a packet with specific flow and priority requirements.! PAYLOAD LENGTH: Length of the IPv6 packet following the base header.! NEXT HEADER: Identifies the type of header immediately following the IPv6 base header.! HOP LIMIT: Remaining number of allowable hops for this packet. Each node that forwards this packet, decrements this value by 1. The packet is discarded when HOP LIMIT reaches 0. Internetw orking-23

24 Sample IPv6 Packets Internetw orking-24

25 ICMPv6 Message Formats Internetw orking-25

26 Internet Routing! The Internet is viewed as a collection of separately managed and run internets.! Each component internet is treated as an autonomous system with its own internal routing algorithms and management authority.! The combined Internet. therefore, is considered as being made up of a core backbone network to which are attached a number of autonomous systems.! Exterior Gateways (or Routers) (EGs) connect an autonomous system to the core network.! Interior Gateways (or Routers) (IGs) are used to interconnect subnets w ithin an autonomous system. Internetw orking-26

27 Application of Exterior and Interior Routing Protocols Internetw orking-27

28 Routing Protocols - Scope and Sample Tables Internetw orking-28

29 Internet Routing Protocols Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)! Each interior gateway maintains a local routing table with the IP/NPA (hostid/npa) address pair for all hosts that are attached to each of the netw orks to which it itself is attached. (Each host informs the interior gatew ay of its existence by sending it its IP/NPA pair.)! The IP in each host maintains a local routing table of IP/NPA (hostid/npa) address pairs for all hosts on its netw ork w ith w hich it communicates. ARP is used to obtain an NPA address when it is not present in the table. Interior Router Protocol (IRP): Used to pass routing information between routers w ithin an autonomous system (e.g. RIP, OSPF). Exterior Router Protocol (ERP): Used to pass routing information between routers in different autonomous systems (e.g. EGP, BGP). Internetw orking-29

Internetwork Protocols

Internetwork Protocols Internetwork Protocols Background to IP IP, and related protocols Internetworking Terms (1) Communications Network Facility that provides data transfer service An internet Collection of communications

More information

Internet Protocols (chapter 18)

Internet Protocols (chapter 18) Internet Protocols (chapter 18) CSE 3213 Fall 2011 Internetworking Terms 1 TCP/IP Concepts Connectionless Operation Internetworking involves connectionless operation at the level of the Internet Protocol

More information

ET4254 Communications and Networking 1

ET4254 Communications and Networking 1 Topic 9 Internet Protocols Aims:- basic protocol functions internetworking principles connectionless internetworking IP IPv6 IPSec 1 Protocol Functions have a small set of functions that form basis of

More information

Internetworking Terms. Internet Structure. Internet Structure. Chapter 15&16 Internetworking. Internetwork Structure & Terms

Internetworking Terms. Internet Structure. Internet Structure. Chapter 15&16 Internetworking. Internetwork Structure & Terms Chapter 15&16 Internetworking Internetwork Structure & Terms Internetworking Architecture Features Connection/Connectionless Architecture Fragmentation & Reassembly Internet Protocol & Services Addressing

More information

Introduction to Internetworking

Introduction to Internetworking Introduction to Internetworking Introductory terms Communications Network Facility that provides data transfer services An internet Collection of communications networks interconnected by bridges and/or

More information

Unit 5: Internet Protocols skong@itt-tech.edutech.edu Internet Protocols She occupied herself with studying a map on the opposite wall because she knew she would have to change trains at some point. Tottenham

More information

SEN366 (SEN374) (Introduction to) Computer Networks

SEN366 (SEN374) (Introduction to) Computer Networks SEN366 (SEN374) (Introduction to) Computer Networks Prof. Dr. Hasan Hüseyin BALIK (12 th Week) The Internet Protocol 12.Outline Principles of Internetworking Internet Protocol Operation Internet Protocol

More information

CHAPTER 18 INTERNET PROTOCOLS ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 18 INTERNET PROTOCOLS ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS CHAPTER 18 INTERNET PROTOCOLS ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 18.1 (1) The communications network may only accept blocks of data up to a certain size. (2) Error control may be more efficient with a smaller PDU size.

More information

TSIN02 - Internetworking

TSIN02 - Internetworking Lecture 2: The Internet Protocol Literature: Forouzan: ch 4-9 and ch 27 2004 Image Coding Group, Linköpings Universitet Outline About the network layer Tasks Addressing Routing Protocols 2 Tasks of the

More information

Prof. Shervin Shirmohammadi SITE, University of Ottawa. Internet Protocol (IP) Lecture 2: Prof. Shervin Shirmohammadi CEG

Prof. Shervin Shirmohammadi SITE, University of Ottawa. Internet Protocol (IP) Lecture 2: Prof. Shervin Shirmohammadi CEG Lecture 2: Internet Protocol (IP) Prof. Shervin Shirmohammadi SITE, University of Ottawa Prof. Shervin Shirmohammadi CEG 4185 2-1 Network Layer Provides the upper layers with independence from the data

More information

Chapter 2 - Part 1. The TCP/IP Protocol: The Language of the Internet

Chapter 2 - Part 1. The TCP/IP Protocol: The Language of the Internet Chapter 2 - Part 1 The TCP/IP Protocol: The Language of the Internet Protocols A protocol is a language or set of rules that two or more computers use to communicate 2 Protocol Analogy: Phone Call Parties

More information

Introduction to routing in the Internet

Introduction to routing in the Internet Introduction to routing in the Internet Internet architecture IPv4, ICMP, ARP Addressing, routing principles (Chapters 2 3 in Huitema) Internet-1 Internet Architecture Principles End-to-end principle by

More information

TSIN02 - Internetworking

TSIN02 - Internetworking Lecture 2: Internet Protocol Literature: Forouzan: ch (4-6), 7-9 and ch 31 2004 Image Coding Group, Linköpings Universitet Lecture 2: IP Goals: Understand the benefits Understand the architecture IPv4

More information

Introduction to routing in the Internet

Introduction to routing in the Internet Introduction to routing in the Internet Internet architecture IPv4, ICMP, ARP Addressing, routing principles (Chapters 2 3 in Huitema) Internet-1 Internet Architecture Principles End-to-end principle by

More information

RMIT University. Data Communication and Net-Centric Computing COSC 1111/2061. Lecture 2. Internetworking IPv4, IPv6

RMIT University. Data Communication and Net-Centric Computing COSC 1111/2061. Lecture 2. Internetworking IPv4, IPv6 RMIT University Data Communication and Net-Centric Computing COSC 1111/2061 Internetworking IPv4, IPv6 Technology Slide 1 Lecture Overview During this lecture, we will understand The principles of Internetworking

More information

The Interconnection Structure of. The Internet. EECC694 - Shaaban

The Interconnection Structure of. The Internet. EECC694 - Shaaban The Internet Evolved from the ARPANET (the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), a project funded by The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) in 1969. ARPANET's purpose was to provide the U.S. Defense

More information

The Internet. 9.1 Introduction. The Internet is a global network that supports a variety of interpersonal and interactive multimedia applications.

The Internet. 9.1 Introduction. The Internet is a global network that supports a variety of interpersonal and interactive multimedia applications. The Internet 9.1 Introduction The Internet is a global network that supports a variety of interpersonal and interactive multimedia applications. Associated with each access network - ISP network, intranet,

More information

On Distributed Communications, Rand Report RM-3420-PR, Paul Baran, August 1964

On Distributed Communications, Rand Report RM-3420-PR, Paul Baran, August 1964 The requirements for a future all-digital-data distributed network which provides common user service for a wide range of users having different requirements is considered. The use of a standard format

More information

IP - The Internet Protocol. Based on the slides of Dr. Jorg Liebeherr, University of Virginia

IP - The Internet Protocol. Based on the slides of Dr. Jorg Liebeherr, University of Virginia IP - The Internet Protocol Based on the slides of Dr. Jorg Liebeherr, University of Virginia Orientation IP (Internet Protocol) is a Network Layer Protocol. IP: The waist of the hourglass IP is the waist

More information

Router Architecture Overview

Router Architecture Overview Chapter 4: r Introduction (forwarding and routing) r Review of queueing theory r Router design and operation r IP: Internet Protocol m IPv4 (datagram format, addressing, ICMP, NAT) m Ipv6 r Generalized

More information

EEC-484/584 Computer Networks

EEC-484/584 Computer Networks EEC-484/584 Computer Networks Lecture 13 wenbing@ieee.org (Lecture nodes are based on materials supplied by Dr. Louise Moser at UCSB and Prentice-Hall) Outline 2 Review of lecture 12 Routing Congestion

More information

Network Layer (4): ICMP

Network Layer (4): ICMP 1 Network Layer (4): ICMP Required reading: Kurose 4.4.3, 4.4.4 CSE 4213, Fall 2006 Instructor: N. Vlajic 2 1. Introduction 2. Network Service Models 3. Architecture 4. Network Layer Protocols in the Internet

More information

Chapter 4: Network Layer

Chapter 4: Network Layer Chapter 4: Introduction (forwarding and routing) Review of queueing theory Routing algorithms Link state, Distance Vector Router design and operation IP: Internet Protocol IPv4 (datagram format, addressing,

More information

ETSF05/ETSF10 Internet Protocols Network Layer Protocols

ETSF05/ETSF10 Internet Protocols Network Layer Protocols ETSF05/ETSF10 Internet Protocols Network Layer Protocols 2016 Jens Andersson Agenda Internetworking IPv4/IPv6 Framentation/Reassembly ICMPv4/ICMPv6 IPv4 to IPv6 transition VPN/Ipsec NAT (Network Address

More information

OSI Network Layer. Network Fundamentals Chapter 5. Version Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1

OSI Network Layer. Network Fundamentals Chapter 5. Version Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1 OSI Network Layer Network Fundamentals Chapter 5 Version 4.0 1 Objectives Identify the role of the Network Layer, as it describes communication from one end device to another end device. Examine the most

More information

Data Communication Prof. A. Pal Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture 34 TCP/ IP I

Data Communication Prof. A. Pal Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture 34 TCP/ IP I Data Communication Prof. A. Pal Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture 34 TCP/ IP I Hello and welcome to today s lecture on TCP/IP. (Refer Slide

More information

The Internet Protocol (IP)

The Internet Protocol (IP) The Internet Protocol (IP) The Blood of the Internet (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11 "Information Superhighway is really an acronym for 'Interactive Network For Organizing, Retrieving, Manipulating, Accessing

More information

Lecture 3. The Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1

Lecture 3. The Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1 Lecture 3 The Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1 Agenda The Network Layer (cont d) What is inside a router? Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 fragmentation and addressing IP Address Classes and Subnets

More information

CHAPTER-2 IP CONCEPTS

CHAPTER-2 IP CONCEPTS CHAPTER-2 IP CONCEPTS Page: 1 IP Concepts IP is a very important protocol in modern internetworking; you can't really comprehend modern networking without a good understanding of IP. Unfortunately, IP

More information

Chapter 5 OSI Network Layer

Chapter 5 OSI Network Layer Chapter 5 OSI Network Layer The protocols of the OSI model Network layer specify addressing and processes that enable Transport layer data to be packaged and transported. The Network layer encapsulation

More information

IPv6 Protocols and Networks Hadassah College Spring 2018 Wireless Dr. Martin Land

IPv6 Protocols and Networks Hadassah College Spring 2018 Wireless Dr. Martin Land IPv6 1 IPv4 & IPv6 Header Comparison IPv4 Header IPv6 Header Ver IHL Type of Service Total Length Ver Traffic Class Flow Label Identification Flags Fragment Offset Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit

More information

Network Layer. The Network Layer. Contents Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Service. Recall:

Network Layer. The Network Layer. Contents Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Service. Recall: Network Layer The Network Layer Recall: The network layer is responsible for the routing of packets The network layer is responsible for congestion control 1 2 Contents 4.1.1 Connection-Oriented and Connectionless

More information

Network Layer. Recall: The network layer is responsible for the routing of packets The network layer is responsible for congestion control

Network Layer. Recall: The network layer is responsible for the routing of packets The network layer is responsible for congestion control The Network Layer 1 Network Layer Recall: The network layer is responsible for the routing of packets The network layer is responsible for congestion control 2 Contents Connection-Oriented (virtual circuit)

More information

Lecture 17 Overview. Last Lecture. Wide Area Networking (2) This Lecture. Internet Protocol (1) Source: chapters 2.2, 2.3,18.4, 19.1, 9.

Lecture 17 Overview. Last Lecture. Wide Area Networking (2) This Lecture. Internet Protocol (1) Source: chapters 2.2, 2.3,18.4, 19.1, 9. Lecture 17 Overview Last Lecture Wide Area Networking (2) This Lecture Internet Protocol (1) Source: chapters 2.2, 2.3,18.4, 19.1, 9.2 Next Lecture Internet Protocol (2) Source: chapters 19.1, 19.2, 22,1

More information

EEC-684/584 Computer Networks

EEC-684/584 Computer Networks EEC-684/584 Computer Networks Lecture 14 wenbing@ieee.org (Lecture nodes are based on materials supplied by Dr. Louise Moser at UCSB and Prentice-Hall) Outline 2 Review of last lecture Internetworking

More information

To make a difference between logical address (IP address), which is used at the network layer, and physical address (MAC address),which is used at

To make a difference between logical address (IP address), which is used at the network layer, and physical address (MAC address),which is used at To make a difference between logical address (IP address), which is used at the network layer, and physical address (MAC address),which is used at the data link layer. To describe how the mapping of a

More information

Internet Routing Protocols Part II

Internet Routing Protocols Part II Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Internet Routing Protocols Part II Prof. Indranil Sen Gupta Dept. of Computer Science & Engg. I.I.T. Kharagpur, INDIA Lecture 8: Internet routing protocols Part

More information

CPSC 826 Internetworking. The Network Layer: Routing & Addressing Outline. The Network Layer

CPSC 826 Internetworking. The Network Layer: Routing & Addressing Outline. The Network Layer 1 CPSC 826 Intering The Network Layer: Routing & Addressing Outline The Network Layer Michele Weigle Department of Computer Science Clemson University mweigle@cs.clemson.edu November 10, 2004 Network layer

More information

IPv6. IPv4 & IPv6 Header Comparison. Types of IPv6 Addresses. IPv6 Address Scope. IPv6 Header. IPv4 Header. Link-Local

IPv6. IPv4 & IPv6 Header Comparison. Types of IPv6 Addresses. IPv6 Address Scope. IPv6 Header. IPv4 Header. Link-Local 1 v4 & v6 Header Comparison v6 Ver Time to Live v4 Header IHL Type of Service Identification Protocol Flags Source Address Destination Address Total Length Fragment Offset Header Checksum Ver Traffic Class

More information

McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 !! McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 "#$% & '$# )1 ) ) )6 ) )* )- ). )0 )1! )11 )1 )1 )16 )1 3'' 4", ( ( $ ( $ $$+, $$, /+ & 23,4 )/+ &4 $ 53" Network Layer Position of network layer Figure

More information

Network Layer. Goals of This Lecture. Internet Reference Model. Outline of the Class

Network Layer. Goals of This Lecture. Internet Reference Model. Outline of the Class Goals of This Lecture Network Layer Kuang Chiu Huang TCM NCKU Through the lecture and in-class discussion, students are enabled to describe role and functions of the network layer, and compare different

More information

(Chapters 2 3 in Huitema) E7310/Internet basics/comnet 1

(Chapters 2 3 in Huitema) E7310/Internet basics/comnet 1 Introduction to routing in the Internet Ethernet, switching vs. routing Internet architecture IPv4 Addressing Routing principles Protocols: IPv4, ICMP, ARP (Chapters 2 3 in Huitema) E7310/Internet basics/comnet

More information

Integrated Services. Integrated Services. RSVP Resource reservation Protocol. Expedited Forwarding. Assured Forwarding.

Integrated Services. Integrated Services. RSVP Resource reservation Protocol. Expedited Forwarding. Assured Forwarding. Integrated Services An architecture for streaming multimedia Aimed at both unicast and multicast applications An example of unicast: a single user streaming a video clip from a news site An example of

More information

OSI Network Layer. Chapter 5

OSI Network Layer. Chapter 5 OSI Network Layer Network Fundamentals Chapter 5 Objectives Identify the role of the Network Layer, as it describes communication from one end device to another end device. Examine the most common Network

More information

7010INT Data Communications Lecture 7 The Network Layer

7010INT Data Communications Lecture 7 The Network Layer Introduction 7010INT Data Communications Lecture 7 The Layer Internetworking & Devices Connecting LANs Routing Backbone networks Virtual LANs Addressing Application Presentation Session Data Link Physical

More information

CS 455 Internet Architecture, Page 3 ffl By 1985, the ARPANET was heavily used and congested; the National Science Foundation (NSF) initiated the NSFN

CS 455 Internet Architecture, Page 3 ffl By 1985, the ARPANET was heavily used and congested; the National Science Foundation (NSF) initiated the NSFN CS 455 Internet Architecture, Page 1 Network Layer, Part 3 Internet Architecture These slides are created by Dr. Yih Huang of George Mason University. Students registered in Dr. Huang's courses at GMU

More information

Lecture 8. Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1

Lecture 8. Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1 Lecture 8 Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1 Agenda The Network Layer (cont d) What is inside a router Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 fragmentation and addressing IP Address Classes and Subnets Network

More information

PART X. Internetworking Part 1. (Concept, IP Addressing, IP Routing, IP Datagrams, Address Resolution)

PART X. Internetworking Part 1. (Concept, IP Addressing, IP Routing, IP Datagrams, Address Resolution) PART X Internetworking Part 1 (Concept, IP Addressing, IP Routing, IP Datagrams, Address Resolution) CS422 Part 10 1 Spring 1999 Motivation For Internetworking LANs Low cost Limited distance WANs High

More information

Department of Computer and IT Engineering University of Kurdistan. Network Layer. By: Dr. Alireza Abdollahpouri

Department of Computer and IT Engineering University of Kurdistan. Network Layer. By: Dr. Alireza Abdollahpouri Department of Computer and IT Engineering University of Kurdistan Network Layer By: Dr. Alireza Abdollahpouri What s the Internet: nuts and bolts view PC server wireless laptop cellular handheld millions

More information

Goals and topics. Verkkomedian perusteet Fundamentals of Network Media T Circuit switching networks. Topics. Packet-switching networks

Goals and topics. Verkkomedian perusteet Fundamentals of Network Media T Circuit switching networks. Topics. Packet-switching networks Verkkomedian perusteet Fundamentals of Media T-110.250 19.2.2002 Antti Ylä-Jääski 19.2.2002 / AYJ lide 1 Goals and topics protocols Discuss how packet-switching networks differ from circuit switching networks.

More information

CC231 Introduction to Networks Dr. Ayman A. Abdel-Hamid. Internet Protocol Suite

CC231 Introduction to Networks Dr. Ayman A. Abdel-Hamid. Internet Protocol Suite CC231 Introduction to Networks Dr. Ayman A. Abdel-Hamid College of Computing and Information Technology Arab bacademy for Science &T Technology and Maritime Transport Internet Protocol Suite IP Suite Dr.

More information

II. Principles of Computer Communications Network and Transport Layer

II. Principles of Computer Communications Network and Transport Layer II. Principles of Computer Communications Network and Transport Layer A. Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 Header An IP datagram consists of a header part and a text part. The header has a 20-byte fixed part

More information

Network Layer/IP Protocols

Network Layer/IP Protocols Network Layer/IP Protocols 1 Outline IP Datagram (IPv4) NAT Connection less and connection oriented service 2 IPv4 packet header 3 IPv4 Datagram Header Format version of the IP protocol (4 BIts) IP header

More information

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) ABSTRACT : ICMP stands for internet control message protocol it is a vital protocol of network layer among the seven layers of OSI(open system interconnection). Here we deal with the several situations

More information

Internet Protocol, Version 6

Internet Protocol, Version 6 Outline Protocol, Version 6 () Introduction to Header Format Addressing Model ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery Transition from to vs. Taken from:chun-chuan Yang Basics: TCP/ Protocol Suite Protocol (IP) Features:

More information

Table of Contents. Cisco TCP/IP

Table of Contents. Cisco TCP/IP Table of Contents TCP/IP Overview...1 TCP/IP Technology...1 TCP...1 IP...2 Routing in IP Environments...4 Interior Routing Protocols...5 RIP...5 IGRP...6 OSPF...6 Integrated IS IS...6 Exterior Routing

More information

Module 7 Internet And Internet Protocol Suite

Module 7 Internet And Internet Protocol Suite Module 7 Internet And Internet Protocol Suite Lesson 22 IP addressing. ICMP LESSON OBJECTIVE General The lesson will continue the discussion on IPv4 along with the idea of ICMP. Specific The focus areas

More information

Computer Networks with Internet Technology William Stallings. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Protocol Suite

Computer Networks with Internet Technology William Stallings. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Protocol Suite Computer Networks with Internet Technology William Stallings Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Protocol Suite Need For Protocol Architecture E.g. File transfer Source must activate comms. Path or inform

More information

IPv6 is Internet protocol version 6. Following are its distinctive features as compared to IPv4. Header format simplification Expanded routing and

IPv6 is Internet protocol version 6. Following are its distinctive features as compared to IPv4. Header format simplification Expanded routing and INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 6 (IPv6) Introduction IPv6 is Internet protocol version 6. Following are its distinctive features as compared to IPv4. Header format simplification Expanded routing and addressing

More information

CCNA Exploration Network Fundamentals. Chapter 06 Addressing the Network IPv4

CCNA Exploration Network Fundamentals. Chapter 06 Addressing the Network IPv4 CCNA Exploration Network Fundamentals Chapter 06 Addressing the Network IPv4 Updated: 20/05/2008 1 6.0.1 Introduction Addressing is a key function of Network layer protocols that enables data communication

More information

Internetworking Part 2

Internetworking Part 2 CMPE 344 Computer Networks Spring 2012 Internetworking Part 2 Reading: Peterson and Davie, 3.2, 4.1 19/04/2012 1 Aim and Problems Aim: Build networks connecting millions of users around the globe spanning

More information

TCP/IP Protocol Suite

TCP/IP Protocol Suite TCP/IP Protocol Suite Computer Networks Lecture 5 http://goo.gl/pze5o8 TCP/IP Network protocols used in the Internet also used in today's intranets TCP layer 4 protocol Together with UDP IP - layer 3 protocol

More information

The Internetworking Problem. Internetworking. A Translation-based Solution

The Internetworking Problem. Internetworking. A Translation-based Solution Cloud Cloud Cloud 1 The Internetworking Problem Internetworking Two nodes communicating across a network of networks How to transport packets through this heterogeneous mass? A B The Internetworking Problem

More information

Dongsoo S. Kim Electrical and Computer Engineering Indiana U. Purdue U. Indianapolis

Dongsoo S. Kim Electrical and Computer Engineering Indiana U. Purdue U. Indianapolis Session 8. TCP/IP Dongsoo S. Kim (dskim@iupui.edu) Electrical and Computer Engineering Indiana U. Purdue U. Indianapolis IP Packet 0 4 8 16 19 31 Version IHL Type of Service Total Length Identification

More information

IP Protocols. ALTTC/Oct

IP Protocols. ALTTC/Oct IP Protocols Internet or IP technology over the years has emerged as the most prominent data communication technology. TCP/IP protocol has become de-facto data comm standard throughout the world. It can

More information

IP : Internet Protocol

IP : Internet Protocol 1/20 IP : Internet Protocol Surasak Sanguanpong nguan@ku.ac.th http://www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~nguan Last updated: July 30, 1999 Agenda 2/20 IP functions IP header format Routing architecture IP layer 3/20 defines

More information

CS519: Computer Networks. Lecture 2: Feb 2, 2004 IP (Internet Protocol)

CS519: Computer Networks. Lecture 2: Feb 2, 2004 IP (Internet Protocol) : Computer Networks Lecture 2: Feb 2, 2004 IP (Internet Protocol) A hypothetical service You want a mail delivery service You have two choices: Acme Guaranteed Mail Delivery Service We never fail Rocko

More information

HY 335 Φροντιστήριο 8 ο

HY 335 Φροντιστήριο 8 ο HY 335 Φροντιστήριο 8 ο Χειμερινό Εξάμηνο 2009-2010 Παπακωνσταντίνου Άρτεμις artpap@csd.uoc.gr 4/12/2009 Roadmap IP: The Internet Protocol IPv4 Addressing Datagram Format Transporting a datagram from source

More information

EITF25 Internet Techniques and Applications L7: Internet. Stefan Höst

EITF25 Internet Techniques and Applications L7: Internet. Stefan Höst EITF25 Internet Techniques and Applications L7: Internet Stefan Höst What is Internet? Internet consists of a number of networks that exchange data according to traffic agreements. All networks in Internet

More information

CS-435 spring semester Network Technology & Programming Laboratory. Stefanos Papadakis & Manolis Spanakis

CS-435 spring semester Network Technology & Programming Laboratory. Stefanos Papadakis & Manolis Spanakis CS-435 spring semester 2016 Network Technology & Programming Laboratory University of Crete Computer Science Department Stefanos Papadakis & Manolis Spanakis CS-435 Lecture #4 preview ICMP ARP DHCP NAT

More information

Chapter 4: outline. 4.5 routing algorithms link state distance vector hierarchical routing. 4.6 routing in the Internet RIP OSPF BGP

Chapter 4: outline. 4.5 routing algorithms link state distance vector hierarchical routing. 4.6 routing in the Internet RIP OSPF BGP Chapter 4: outline 4.1 introduction 4.2 virtual circuit and datagram networks 4.3 what s inside a router 4.4 IP: Internet Protocol datagram format IPv4 addressing ICMP 4.5 routing algorithms link state

More information

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 1 Overview The IP (Internet Protocol) relies on several other protocols to perform necessary control and routing functions: Control functions (ICMP) Multicast signaling

More information

ECE4110 Internetwork Programming. Introduction and Overview

ECE4110 Internetwork Programming. Introduction and Overview ECE4110 Internetwork Programming Introduction and Overview 1 EXAMPLE GENERAL NETWORK ALGORITHM Listen to wire Are signals detected Detect a preamble Yes Read Destination Address No data carrying or noise?

More information

Vorlesung Kommunikationsnetze

Vorlesung Kommunikationsnetze Picture 15 13 Vorlesung Kommunikationsnetze Prof. Dr. H. P. Großmann mit B. Wiegel sowie A. Schmeiser und M. Rabel Sommersemester 2009 Institut für Organisation und Management von Informationssystemen

More information

On Distributed Communications, Rand Report RM-3420-PR, Paul Baran, August

On Distributed Communications, Rand Report RM-3420-PR, Paul Baran, August The requirements for a future all-digital-data distributed network which provides common user service for a wide range of users having different requirements is considered. The use of a standard format

More information

Each ICMP message contains three fields that define its purpose and provide a checksum. They are TYPE, CODE, and CHECKSUM fields.

Each ICMP message contains three fields that define its purpose and provide a checksum. They are TYPE, CODE, and CHECKSUM fields. IP address ICMP Each ICMP message contains three fields that define its purpose and provide a checksum. They are TYPE, CODE, and CHECKSUM fields. The TYPE field identifies the ICMP message, the CODE field

More information

NET2-2 Internet Protocol and Routing Network Science Certificate George Mason University

NET2-2 Internet Protocol and Routing Network Science Certificate George Mason University NEC/NSC-NET2 NET2-2 Internet Protocol and Routing - - - Network Science Certificate 0 George Mason University The author of these slides is Dr. Mark Pullen of George Mason University s NEC program. Students

More information

(ICMP), RFC

(ICMP), RFC Internet et Control o Message Protocol (ICMP), RFC 792 http://icourse.cuc.edu.cn/networkprogramming/ linwei@cuc.edu.cn Nov. 2009 Overview The IP (Internet Protocol) relies on several other protocols to

More information

TCP/IP Networking. Training Details. About Training. About Training. What You'll Learn. Training Time : 9 Hours. Capacity : 12

TCP/IP Networking. Training Details. About Training. About Training. What You'll Learn. Training Time : 9 Hours. Capacity : 12 TCP/IP Networking Training Details Training Time : 9 Hours Capacity : 12 Prerequisites : There are no prerequisites for this course. About Training About Training TCP/IP is the globally accepted group

More information

INTERNET SYSTEM. Internet Protocol. Kent State University Dept. of Computer Science. CS 4/55231 Internet Engineering. Large Scale Networking

INTERNET SYSTEM. Internet Protocol. Kent State University Dept. of Computer Science. CS 4/55231 Internet Engineering. Large Scale Networking CS 4/55231 Internet Engineering Kent State University Dept. of Computer Science LECT-6 SYSTEM 1 2 Large Scale Networking No Single Technology can Adequately Serve Every One s Need. Each LAN/ WAN has specific

More information

Chapter 20 Network Layer: Internet Protocol 20.1

Chapter 20 Network Layer: Internet Protocol 20.1 Chapter 20 Network Layer: Internet Protocol 20.1 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 20-1 INTERNETWORKING In this section, we discuss internetworking,

More information

Position of IP and other network-layer protocols in TCP/IP protocol suite

Position of IP and other network-layer protocols in TCP/IP protocol suite Position of IP and other network-layer protocols in TCP/IP protocol suite IPv4 is an unreliable datagram protocol a best-effort delivery service. The term best-effort means that IPv4 packets can be corrupted,

More information

Chapter 4 Network Layer

Chapter 4 Network Layer Sungkyunkwan University Chapter 4 Network Layer Prepared by H. Choo 2018-Fall Computer Networks Copyright 2000-2014 2000-2018 Networking Laboratory 1/52 Presentation Outline 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Network-Layer

More information

Chapter 5 TCP/IP SUITE

Chapter 5 TCP/IP SUITE Chapter 5 TCP/IP SUITE Objectives:- TCP/ IP Model Concept. Defining/functioning of different Layers of TCP / IP suite. 5.1 Introduction Addressing mechanism in the Internet An IP address is an address

More information

Chapter 7. Local Area Network Communications Protocols

Chapter 7. Local Area Network Communications Protocols Chapter 7 Local Area Network Communications Protocols The Network Layer The third layer of the OSI Model is the network layer. The network layer is concerned with providing a means for hosts to communicate

More information

Chapter 12 Network Protocols

Chapter 12 Network Protocols Chapter 12 Network Protocols 1 Outline Protocol: Set of defined rules to allow communication between entities Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Transmission Control Protocol/Internetworking Protocol (TCP/IP)

More information

Outline. IP Address. IP Address. The Internet Protocol. o Hostname & IP Address. o The Address

Outline. IP Address. IP Address. The Internet Protocol. o Hostname & IP Address. o The Address Outline IP The Internet Protocol o IP Address IP subnetting CIDR o ARP Protocol o IP Function o Fragmentation o NAT o IPv6 2 IP Address o Hostname & IP Address IP Address o The Address ping www.nu.ac.th

More information

Last time. Wireless link-layer. Introduction. Characteristics of wireless links wireless LANs networking. Cellular Internet access

Last time. Wireless link-layer. Introduction. Characteristics of wireless links wireless LANs networking. Cellular Internet access Last time Wireless link-layer Introduction Wireless hosts, base stations, wireless links Characteristics of wireless links Signal strength, interference, multipath propagation Hidden terminal, signal fading

More information

Ref: A. Leon Garcia and I. Widjaja, Communication Networks, 2 nd Ed. McGraw Hill, 2006 Latest update of this lecture was on

Ref: A. Leon Garcia and I. Widjaja, Communication Networks, 2 nd Ed. McGraw Hill, 2006 Latest update of this lecture was on IP Version 4 (IPv4) Header (Continued) Identification (16 bits): One of the parameters of any network is the maximum transmission unit (MTU) parameter. This parameter specifies the maximum size of the

More information

CS 356: Computer Network Architectures. Lecture 10: IP Fragmentation, ARP, and ICMP. Xiaowei Yang

CS 356: Computer Network Architectures. Lecture 10: IP Fragmentation, ARP, and ICMP. Xiaowei Yang CS 356: Computer Network Architectures Lecture 10: IP Fragmentation, ARP, and ICMP Xiaowei Yang xwy@cs.duke.edu Overview Homework 2-dimension parity IP fragmentation ARP ICMP Fragmentation and Reassembly

More information

ECE 4450:427/527 - Computer Networks Spring 2017

ECE 4450:427/527 - Computer Networks Spring 2017 ECE 4450:427/527 - Computer Networks Spring 2017 Dr. Nghi Tran Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Lecture 6.2: IP Dr. Nghi Tran (ECE-University of Akron) ECE 4450:427/527 Computer Networks

More information

Introduction Layer 3. IP-Header: and RFC-760 Addressing schemes Subnetting Routing. Layer 3 Solution in Trains

Introduction Layer 3. IP-Header:  and RFC-760 Addressing schemes Subnetting Routing. Layer 3 Solution in Trains Chapter 2.3 Layer 3 Network Layer 1 Content Introduction Layer 3 IP Protocol IP-Header: www.ietf.org and RFC-760 Addressing schemes Subnetting Routing Layer 3 Solution in Trains Communication Matrix (Information

More information

Chapter Motivation For Internetworking

Chapter Motivation For Internetworking Chapter 17-20 Internetworking Part 1 (Concept, IP Addressing, IP Routing, IP Datagrams, Address Resolution 1 Motivation For Internetworking LANs Low cost Limited distance WANs High cost Unlimited distance

More information

Data & Computer Communication

Data & Computer Communication Basic Networking Concepts A network is a system of computers and other devices (such as printers and modems) that are connected in such a way that they can exchange data. A bridge is a device that connects

More information

Last time. Network layer. Introduction. Virtual circuit vs. datagram details. IP: the Internet Protocol. forwarding vs. routing

Last time. Network layer. Introduction. Virtual circuit vs. datagram details. IP: the Internet Protocol. forwarding vs. routing Last time Network layer Introduction forwarding vs. routing Virtual circuit vs. datagram details connection setup, teardown VC# switching forwarding tables, longest prefix matching IP: the Internet Protocol

More information

Chapter 5 Network Layer

Chapter 5 Network Layer Chapter 5 Network Layer Network Layer IPv4 2 IP Header Application Header + data 3 IP IP IP IP 4 Focus on Transport Layer IP IP 5 Network Layer The Network layer (Layer 3) provides services to exchange

More information

Lecture 4 The Network Layer. Antonio Cianfrani DIET Department Networking Group netlab.uniroma1.it

Lecture 4 The Network Layer. Antonio Cianfrani DIET Department Networking Group netlab.uniroma1.it Lecture 4 The Network Layer Antonio Cianfrani DIET Department Networking Group netlab.uniroma1.it Network layer functions Transport packet from sending to receiving hosts Network layer protocols in every

More information

Chapter 19 Network Layer: Logical Addressing

Chapter 19 Network Layer: Logical Addressing Chapter 19 Network Layer: Logical Addressing 19.1 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 19.2 19-1 IPv4 ADDRESSES An IPv4 address is a 32-bit address

More information

Lecture 18 Overview. Last Lecture. This Lecture. Next Lecture. Internet Protocol (1) Internet Protocol (2)

Lecture 18 Overview. Last Lecture. This Lecture. Next Lecture. Internet Protocol (1) Internet Protocol (2) Last Lecture Internet Protocol (1) This Lecture Internet Protocol (2) Lecture 18 Overview Source: chapters 19.1, 19.2, 22,1 22.2, 26.6 Next Lecture Transport Control Protocol (1) Source: chapters 24.1,

More information

CS 477/677 Computer Communications & Networks The Network Layer: IP

CS 477/677 Computer Communications & Networks The Network Layer: IP Network Layer 1 CS 477/677 Computer Communications & Networks The Network Layer: IP Text: Data and Computer Communications, 8 th Edition, William Stallings Chapters 18-18.5, 12, (optional: 19.2-19.4) Objectives:

More information