Low complexity H.264 list decoder for enhanced quality real-time video over IP
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1 Low complexity H.264 list decoder for enhanced quality real-time video over IP F. Golaghazadeh1, S. Coulombe1, F-X Coudoux2, P. Corlay2 1 École de technologie supérieure 2 Université de Valenciennes CCECE 2017
2 Outline q Introduction q Problem statement q Literature review q Proposed approach q Experimental setup and results q Conclusions 2
3 Problem statement Unreliable Channels Transmission Errors Visual Quality Degradation ØCorrupted Video Packets (bit errors) (e.g. attenuation, multi-path fading) ØLost Video Packets (e.g. network congestion) v Compressed video streams are very vulnerable to errors Motion-compensated prediction process Time Error propagation in compressed video! 3
4 Literature review Video source Video Encoder Error Resilience Unreliable channel Reconstructed sequence Error Concealment Video Decoder Error Correction Intact packets Damaged packets 4
5 q Error Concealment: Literature review Estimates missing pixels by using Spatial correlation [1] Temporal correlation [2] Both spatial and temporal correlation Ø - spatio-temporal boundary matching and partial differential equation (STBMA) [3] Partially damaged packets may contain valuable information [4] [1] J. Liu, et al., Spatial error concealment with an adaptive linear predictor, [2] J. Zhou, et al., Efficient motion vector interpolation for error concealment of H.264/AVC, [3] Y. Chen, et al., Video error concealment using spatio-temporal boundary matching and partial differential equation, [4] L. Superiori, et al., Performance of a H.264/AVC error detection algorithm based on syntax analysis,
6 Literature review q Error Correction: List decoding n bits corrupted slice (S R ) candidate slice1 (S 1 ) candidate slice2 (S 2 ) ranked based on Channel soft information candidate generator candidate slice3 (S 3 )... video decoder (validator) Complex!? N=2 n candidate slicen (S N ) H :solution space Other Constraints likeliest slice (S* ) [5] D. Levine, et al., Iterative joint source-channel Decoding of H.264 compressed video, [6] N. Nguyen, et al., Iterative joint source- channel decoding for H.264 video transmission using virtual checking method at source decoder, [7] G. Sabeva, et al., Robust decoding of H.264 encoded video transmitted over wireless channels, [8] C. Weidmann, et al., Combined sequential decoding and error concealment of H.264 Video, [9] R. A. Farrugia, et al., Robust decoder-based error control strategy for recovery of H.264/AVC video content,
7 Literature review q Error Correction: Syntax Level Soft/Hard Output Maximum Likelihood Decoding (SO/HO-MLD) [10] Generate only a set of valid candidates at the correction process of each syntax element Any mistake in the decoding of a syntax element will propagate and reduce the performance Lack of access to the soft information in the application layer (complex to implement) [10] F. Caron, et al., Video error correction using soft-output and hard-output maximum likelihood decoding applied to an H.264 baseline profile,
8 Proposed approach Ø Reduction candidate list by analyzing the calculated UDP checksum value at the receiver side. Checksum: verify the integrity of the delivered message UDP checksum: one s complement of the one s complement sum of a pseudo UDP header, UDP header and application data message. byte Pseudo UDP header Source IP Address Destination IP Address Zero Protocol UDP Length UDP header Source Port Num Length Destination Port Num UDP Checksum Data (variable length) 8
9 TRANSMISSION Bit Position Proposed approach Packet Bit Position Second 16-bit word First 16-bit word Ones's compl. Sum Checksum (C T ) UDP checksum calculation: C T m -1 = åw i = 0 i Ø Divide the packet into chunks of 16-bit words. Ø Compute one s complement sum over all the words. 16-bit word Ø Flip all the bits of the final sum (one s complement). 9
10 RECEPTION Bit Position Proposed approach Packet Bit Position Second 16-bit word First 16-bit word Ones's compl. Sum Checksum (C T ) Checksum(C R ) The zero value of C R validates the received packet. C R m -1 = W + Cµ å i = 0 i T If no error: m-1 m -1 m-1 = W + W = ( W + W i ) å i i i i= 0 i = 0 i= 0 = FFFF = å 0000 å the received versions of W i and C T are denoted as W i and C µ T 10
11 TRANSMISSION Bit Position Packet RECEPTION Bit Position Proposed approach Corrupted Packet Bit Position Second 16-bit word First 16-bit word Ones's compl. sum C T Checksum(C R ) Non-zero value of C R : received packet is corrupted. The checksum is indication the position of the error in modulo
12 Proposed approach Error Type C R 1 j 0 j j 1 j Col. 15 j C R Patterns The C R pattern : - potential error columns in the words - type of the flipped bits 12
13 Candidate Reduction One bit in error in a packet of N bits: Traditional list decoding approaches: N candidates proposed approaches: N /32 candidates. 97% reduction remaining candidates: about 3% Packet length (bits) Average number of candidates List Decoding Proposed Eliminated candidates % % % % 13
14 v Coding Parameters: Simulation setup - Baseline profile of H.264 (simulator: JM software v.18.5) - First 60 Frames of sequence: Foreman (352x288), Crew (704x576), Opening Ceremony, Walk (720x576). - Coded in IPPP format, Intra refresh rate of 30 frames, quantization parameters (QPs): 22, 27, 32, and 37 - Each slice (= a single row of MBs), encapsulated into RTP packets. - UDP checksum calculated on RTP packet IP UDP RTP NAL Slice v Corrupted frame: 31 th -59 th randomly v Channel bit error rate (BER): [10-7, 10-6 ]: one bit error v Decoding Options : Error Concealment: Error Correction: Frame Copy (FC-JM) Spatio Temporal Boundary Matching (STBMA) Maximum likelihood Decoding (HO-MLD) Proposed List Decoding (Proposed) 14
15 Seq: Crew, QP Percentage of Perfectly Corrected Packet Percentage Frame number 95% very close PSNR to the intact one Intact FC-JM Frequency STBMA MLD-hard Proposed histogram with 0.1 step size PSNR values 15
16 Seq: Crew, QP 27 Average PSNR (db) Intact Proposed STBMA HO-MLD JM-FC Frame number Average:
17 PSNR gain over JM-FC Average PSNR gain (db) over JM-FC =1.31(dB) =1.51(dB) 2.78 (db) 1.47(dB) 1.27(dB) Proposed STBMA HO-MLD QP values Ø Percentage of fully correcting bitstream: Proposed approach: 80% HO-MLD approach: 6% 17
18 Visual quality comparison JM-FC STBMA Intact HO-MLD Proposed 18
19 Visual quality comparison JM-FC STBMA Intact HO-MLD Proposed 19
20 Conclusions One bit in error: Candidate reduction from N to N/32; Complexity reduction : 97% On average: 2.78 db gains over JM-FC 80% fully corrected packet q Future step: The proposed approach can also be applied on HEVC coded sequences, and it can be extended to the case of more than one bit in error [1]. [1] F. Golaghazadeh,, et al., Checksum-filtered list decoding applied to H.264 and H.265 video error correction,
21 Questions This research was funded by The Natural Science And Engineering Research Council of Canada 21
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